Although many native Australian mammals have suf­fered extensive population declines and range contrac­tions since European settlement, some species have benefited from recent anthropogenic environmental modification and have increased in abundance (Gordon et al. 2021).

Paradoxically, populations of some species that are classified as vulnerable, threatened or even endangered may be considered locally overabundant for a range of reasons. This chapter focuses specifically on the management of overabundant free-ranging and semi- free-ranging populations of Australian native mammals, but some techniques maybe applicable to the manage­ment of managed care populations.

A range of techniques exist to manage overabundant populations; the technique that is ultimately used will vary according to the species involved and the specific circumstances surrounding the overabundant population. Factors influencing the choice of management technique include the species’ conserva­tion classification, resource implications, location, ethical and welfare considerations, legislative requirements, logistical challenges associated with implementation and overall management goals. The taxonomic groups most frequently considered to be overabundant include macro­pods, koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), possums and fly­ing-foxes (Pteropus spp.). Some examples of overabundant native Australian mammal populations, the conse­quences of their overabundance and associated manage­ment techniques are detailed in Table 6.1.

1.

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