CHAPTER MENU
| Background Information OfClinical Importance, 184 | Tick Paralysis, 247 |
| Anatomyand Physiology, 184 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, 248 |
| Neurologic Examination, 184 | Polioencephalomalacia, 248 |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis, 184 | Enzootic Ataxia and Swayback, 252 |
| Imaging Techniques, 186 | Hypovitaminosis A, 255 |
| Electroencephalogram, 187 | Plant Toxicities, 255 |
| Diagnosis of Neurologic Disease by Presenting Signs, 188 | Bitterweed Poisoning, 255 |
| Signs of Altered Mental State or Behavior, 188 | Coyotillo Poisoning, 255 |
| Signs of Cranial Nerve Deficits, 188 | Astragalus Poisoning (Alpha Mannosidosis; Locoism), 256 |
| Signs of Involuntary Activity, 189 | Guajillo Poisoning, 257 |
| Gait Abnormalities, 189 | Hairy Caltrop Poisoning, 257 |
| Postural Abnormalities, 190 | Milkweed Poisoning, 257 |
| Specific Diseases ofthe Nervous System, 192 | Cycasin Toxicity or Zamia Staggers, 257 |
| Viral and Prion Diseases, 192 | Miscellaneous Plant Poisonings, 258 |
| Rabies, 192 | Inorganic Chemical Neurotoxicities, 259 |
| Pseudorabies, 195 | Lead Poisoning, 259 |
| Scrapie, 197 | Salt Poisoning, 260 |
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy, 209 | Bromide Intoxication, 261 |
| Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis and Maedi Visna, 215 | Boron or Borax Intoxication, 261 |
| Border Disease, 219 | Organic Chemical Neurotoxicities, 261 |
| Louping-Ill and Related Infections in Small Ruminants, 221 | Organophosphates and Carbamates, 261 |
| Borna Disease, 222 | Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, 263 |
| West Nile Encephalomyelitis, 224 | Miscellaneous Organic Chemical Toxicities, 264 |
| Bacterial Diseases, 226 | Congenital and Inherited Diseases, 265 |
| Listeriosis, 226 | Beta Mannosidosis, 265 |
| Tetanus, 232 | Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID, 267 |
| Botulism, 234 | Progressive Paresis of Angora Goats, 267 |
| Clostridium perfringens Type D Enterotoxemia, 236 | Spastic Paresis, 268 |
| Meningoencephalitis and Brain Abscesses, 236 | Hydrocephalus and Hydranencephaly, 268 |
| Parasitic Diseases, 239 | Neoplastic Disease, 268 |
| Parelaphostrongylosis and Elaphostrongylosis, 239 | Neurologic Diseases of Unknown Etiology, 269 |
| Setariasis, 242 | Polyradiculoneuritis, 269 |
| Strongyloidiasis, 244 | Caprine Encephalomyelomalacia, 270 |
| Coenurosis, 244 | References, 270 |
Information on the prevalence of neurologic disease in goats is limited. One American survey indicated that neurologic disease was diagnosed in 5% of all goat cases at necropsy (Lincicome 1982).
Despite this low number, neurologic diseases are an important aspect of caprinepractice.
Diseases such as rabies and listeriosis represent serious potential zoonoses and demand accurate diagnosis. Certain nervous diseases of goats, such as organophosphate toxicities or pseudorabies, can result in high morbidity or mortality rates on individual farms despite a low general prevalence. Still others, such as polioencephaloma- lacia (PEM) or neonatal meningoencephalitis, suggest management problems and the need for client education. Diseases such as scrapie need to be recognized and reported so that appropriate regulatory intervention can be initiated. Finally, accurate diagnosis and management of neurologic disease in goats can be stimulating and satisfying clinical challenges for the veterinarian.Goat Medicine, Third Edition. Mary C. Smith and David M. Sherman. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Most of the neurologic diseases of goats are presented in this chapter, with some exceptions. Pregnancy toxemia, hypomagnesemia, and milk fever are primarily nutritional diseases and are discussed in Chapter 19. While clinical disease due to hypomagnesemia is well documented in cattle and sheep and often referred to as grass tetany or grass staggers, case reports in goats are lacking. Cowdriosis or heartwater produces both neurologic and cardiac signs and is essentially a vasculitis. It is discussed in detail in Chapter 8. The neurologic aspects of caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) are discussed in this chapter in conjunction with maedi-visna (MV), a closely related retroviral disease. However, CAE is covered in more detail in Chapter 4, because arthritis is the most common presenting sign. Finally, the causes of hepatoencephalopathy are discussed in Chapter 11.