Introduction
Bronchiectasis (BE) is a permanent dilation of the bronchi, with resultant fluid accumulation that occurs secondary to chronic inflammation, and damage to the elastic layers of the airways.
BE has been described secondary to a number of etiologies, but is most commonly observed secondary to chronic bronchitis. Diagnosis is based on radiography/computed tomography and bronchoscopy. Bacterial culture and sensitivity testing are strongly advocated to ensure that antibiotic therapy is appropriate. Therapy is typically tailored to contr infection, and if possible man the underlying cause to prevent further damage to the airways. Long-term antibiotic therapy may be required and adjunctive mucolytic therapy, and nebulization may be of benefit in some cases. The prognosis is typically guarded, given the irreversible nature of the lesion, and is aimed at amelioration of clinical signs and prevention of secondary infection.
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