NUTRITION MANAGEMENT FOR ANIMALS DESTINED FOR RELEASE
The same principles described above apply when formulating diets for animals that are destined for release (either free-ranging animals in rehabilitation after rescue due to illness, injury or orphaning or breed for release animals in conservation programs).
If animals were born in managed care, natural feed items should be introduced to the diet so they are recognised as food when encountered post-release. Although important for all managed animals, diets that encourage natural behaviours, mimic wild diets as closely as possible (sourcing wild diet before release when possible), and not introduce pathogens that may pose a risk to sympatric free-ranging animals are particularly important for animals being returned to the wild (Vogelnest 2008). This is particularly important for hand-reared orphans to ensure they can forage and recognise wild food and are not imprinted or habituated to humans due to their association with provision of food.Prior to release, a flora, fauna and environmental review of release sites is necessary to ensure food sources are available in adequate supply and conditions are favourable to support the released population (Seebacher and Franklin 2012). In the case of species that rely on nectar and pollen, this may involve consulting local apiarists to confirm status of feed, as presence of blossoms does not necessarily indicate abundant nectar and pollen. Regardless of the availability of feed sources, it may take time for animals to be able to find enough food to maintain condition. In preparation for release, it may be prudent for these animals to be in greater than ideal body condition to allow for some weight loss post release. This will require diets that provide more than maintenance energy requirements for a limited period before release (Table 14.2). Some species may also benefit from supplemental feeding after release. If supplemental feeding is planned, animals must be accustomed to the feed and presentation before release. The risks associated with provisioning feed, water and shelter in situ must be carefully considered (Jones et al. 2023).
4.