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flat-topped, angular scaly papules were present on the skin over the entire surface of the goat. The lesions were 10-20 mm in diameter, but coalesced into plaques on the head. Some lesions were fissured. Histologic findings included orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyper­plasia, and microabscesses. Poxviruses, dermatophytes, and granulomatous and neoplastic conditions were ruled out by histopathology. A photograph of a similar case from Belgium, which resolved spontaneously after sev­eral months, has been published by Scott (2018).

There is a single report of ichthyosis in a 4-year-old Nigerian dwarf goat that had non-pruritic scaley skin when it was acquired at 3 weeks of age. The scales were not adherent and the histologic lesion was diffuse non­inflammatory orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. Long-term oral vitamin A at 200 IU/kg resulted in improvement of the lesions (Edginton et al. 2014).

Allergy or Hypersensitivity

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Other cases of poorly explained pruritic skin disease have been observed and defied diagnostic efforts to determine the etiology. In one such instance, orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and perivascular infiltration with eosinophils in a 5-year-old wether with crusting on the back and neck suggested allergy, as did response to dexamethasone therapy, but skin testing and manipulation of diet and environment were unsuccess­ful (Humann-Ziehank et al. 2001).

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