Appendix

Questionnaire

This is a multiple choice true/false questionnaire. Each question is arranged as four statements, but one of the four is false in each question. Every one of the questions can be answered from the information given in the text.

1 A All dogs have 13 pairs of ribs.

B Horses have 18 pairs of ribs.

C Pigs have 12-16 pairs of ribs.

D Sheep have 12 pairs of ribs.

2 A The aorta passes between the crura of the diaphragm.

B The vagus nerves do not pass between the crura of the diaphragm.

C The caudal vena cava does not pass between the crura of the diaphragm.

D The thoracic duct does not pass between the crura of the diaphragm.

3 A The rectus abdominis muscle inserts with the prepubic tendon.

B The cremaster muscle is an extension of the internal abdominal oblique muscle.

C In the dog the sheath of the rectus abdominal muscle is dorsal to the rectus abdominis.

D The transverse abdominal muscle inserts in the linea alba.

4 A Intestine may herniate through the inguinal canal.

B Intestine may herniate through the umbilical ring.

C The lungs may enter the abdomen in a diaphragmatic hernia.

D Perineal hernias may occur in the dog.

5 A All mammals digest cellulose by bacterial fermentation.

B Particulate matter may be removed from the gut by phagocytosis.

C The gut contents are moved through the intestine by peristalsis.

D Mucus is produced in the intestines to lubricate the passage of food.

6 A The stomach of the dog is covered by visceral peritoneum.

B The ventral sac of the rumen is within the greater omentum.

C The ovaries are covered by visceral peritoneum.

D The epiploic foramen is the only entry to the omental bursa.

7 A The falciform ligament is developed from ventral mesogastrium.

B The lesser omentum is developed from ventral mesogastrium.

C The round ligament is a remnant of the umbilical vein.

D The urachus is a remnant of the amnion.

8 A The greater omentum is a site for fat deposition.

B The greater omentum does not isolate foci of infection.

C The greater omentum is an insulating layer.

D The greater omentum can be used to protect surgical wounds.

9 A The broad ligaments attach the ovaries to the body wall.

B The mesosalpinx is attached to the uterine tube.

C The round ligament of the uterus is the homologue of the gubernaculum.

D The proper ligament attaches the ovary to the last rib.

10 A The proximal part of the stomach is developed from the oesophagus.

B The cardia of the stomach is present only in mammals.

C The fundic region of the stomach contains tubular glands.

D Cells in the pyloric region of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid.

11 A Horses are able to vomit easily.

B Ruminants chew the cud.

C The pig's stomach possesses a diverticulum of the fundus.

D Bloat is an accumulation of gas in the ruminant stomach.

12 A Gastric dilatation is a frequent problem in large breed dogs.

B Gastric torsion can cause sudden death in pigs.

C Vagus indigestion occurs in ruminants.

D Shorthair cats commonly suffer from stomach hairballs.

13 A Peyer's patches contain lymphocytes.

B The myenteric plexus consists of autonomic neurons.

C Brunner's glands are not found in the domestic mammals.

D The pancreatic ducts convey bile to the duodenum.

14 A Johne's disease in ruminants is caused by a mycobacterium.

B Canine parvovirus can cause intestinal and cardiac disease in dogs.

C The small intestine of the ox is located on the left side.

D Intussusception is telescoping of the small intestine.

15 A The appendix is an appendage of the caecum in domestic animals. B The horse digests its herbivorous diet in the large intestine.

C There are four divisions of the large (ascending) colon in the horse. D The ascending colon of the pig is mainly on the left.

16 A There are four liver lobes in mammals.

B The gall bladder is located next to the caudate lobe in all mammals. C The bile duct and blood vessels access the liver at the hilus.

D The cystic duct drains bile from the liver.

17 A Insulin is secreted by the pancreatic islets.

B The exocrine secretion of the pancreas contains digestive enzymes.

C Ruminants have only one pancreatic duct.

D Pancreatic gamma cells produce insulin.

18 A Portosystemic shunts are abnormal blood bypasses of the liver.

B Hepatitis is a viral disease in dogs.

C Liver fluke is a parasitic disease of herbivores.

D Diabetes insipidus is caused by inadequate production of insulin.

19 A The dorsal aorta provides the major arterial supply to the abdomen. B The coeliac artery provides the main blood supply to the spleen.

C Branches of the cranial mesenteric artery supply blood to the kidneys. D The caudal mesenteric artery gives rise to the left colic artery.

20 A The right azygos vein is functional in the horse.

B The portal system conveys blood to the liver.

C The caudal vena cava is the main drainage from the abdomen to the heart. D The caudal vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the aortic hiatus.

21 A Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines.

B The cisterna chyli is a dilation of the thoracic duct.

C The dog's spleen stores 10% of the total number of red blood cells. D The red pulp of the spleen stores blood components.

22 A Feline leukaemia can affect all carnivores.

B Lymphosarcoma is a common malignant disease of dogs and cats.

C Splenomegaly may be neoplastic or inflammatory.

D The spleen of the horse can release red blood cells in response to exercise.

23 A Sympathetic motor neurons are found in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. B The great splanchnic nerve contains sympathetic axons.

C Prevertebral ganglia are found near the coeliac artery.

D Postganglionic parasympathetic endings release adrenaline.

24 A The anal sphincter is innervated by the pudendal nerve.

B The vagus nerve contains parasympathetic nerves.

C The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline.

D The hypogastric nerve innervates the stomach.

25 A Renal corpuscles include glomeruli.

B The loops of Henle are located in the adrenal medulla.

C Gross lobation is a feature of the cow's kidney.

D The kidneys are covered in visceral peritoneum.

26 A The canine kidneys filter up to 300 litres of blood daily.

B The left kidney of the cow is on the right of the midline.

C A simple columnar epithelium lines the urinary bladder.

D The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla produce adrenaline.

27 A The corpus luteum of mammals produces mainly oestradiol.

B Follicle-stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland.

C Bleeding at ovulation is from a corpus haemorrhagicum.

D The follicles of the mare are located in the ovarian stroma.

28 A The ovarian bursa of the bitch usually contains much fat.

B The mammalian uterus is suspended by the broad ligament.

C The uterus of the pig is duplex.

D Endometrial cups are found in the mare's placenta.

29 A A placentome consists of a foetal cotyledon and a maternal placentome.

B The bitch has a zonary placenta.

C The allantois stores the embryo's nitrogenous waste.

D The mammalian placenta is unable to transfer antibodies to the foetus.

30 A The vestibule extends from the vulva to the urethral orifice.

B Artificial insemination is possible in all ruminants

C In the sow the vaginal cervix does not project into the vagina.

D The cervix of the mare can be relaxed in minutes at parturition.

31 A The boar has a musculocavernous penis.

B The retractor penis muscle consists mostly of smooth muscle.

C The bulbospongiosis muscle is mainly responsible for ejaculation.

D The corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosum have vascular connections.

32 A In the horse the tunica albuginea surrounds the penile urethra.

B In the horse parasympathetic activity is responsible for ejaculation.

C In the horse sympathetic activity is responsible for retracting the prepuce.

D The prepuce of the horse has two folds.

33 A The urethral process of the ox projects from the glans.

B The sigmoid flexure of the ox straightens out during erection.

C The bulbus glandis of the dog maintains intromission within the vestibule.

D Cornified barbs on the cat's penis hold it firmly in the vestibule.

34 A The function of the testes is to produce spermatozoa and progesterone.

B The mesorchium is a fold of parietal peritoneum.

C The spermatic sac consists of internal spermatic fascia and the vaginal tunic.

D The scrotum of the ram is covered in wool.

35 A The testicular vascular cone controls the blood temperature of the testes.

B Spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis.

C The testicles of ruminants are held vertically.

D Descent of the testes is attributed to contraction of the gubernaculum.

36 A The prostate gland consists of a body and a disseminate part.

B The dog and cat both possess vesicular glands.

C A large volume of secretion is produced by the vesicular glands of the pig.

D The ram has a pair of bulbourethral glands.

37 A The spleen is clearly visible on a radiograph of a dog's abdomen. B The ovaries are seen clearly on a radiograph of a cat's abdomen. C The presence of gas in the intestines enhances a radiograph.

D Bone is seen as a distinctive pale shadow radiographically.

38 A Oral barium sulphate enhances the abdominal viscera radiographically.

B Intravenous iodine compounds enhance the urinary tract radiographically. C Urate bladder stones are seen clearly on radiographic examination. D In pneumocystography air is used as a contrast agent in the urinary bladder.

39 A Laparoscopic ovariectomy is not possible in the pig.

B Ultrasound is useful in the diagnosis of urolithiasis in the goat.

C Ultrasonography can be used to identify umbilical remnant infection.

D Pyometra can still occur in the bitch after laparoscopic ovariectomy.

40 A Transrectal ultrasonography can be used to determine oestrus in the mare.

B Ultrasonography can be used to diagnose diaphragmatic hernia in the horse. C Radiography can be used to detect the presence of sand in the large colon of the horse.

D Laparoscopic ovariectomy is not possible in the mare as the ovaries cannot be visualised.

Answers to Questionnaire