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Cellular Effects of Steroid and Thyroid Hormones

Receptors that bind steroid and thyroid hor­mones are found either in the cytosol or in the nucleus. steroid and thyroid hormones are lipid soluble and can reach these intracellular recep­tors by diffusing into the cell through the cell membrane.

The receptor with its bound hormone acts as a transcription factor for specific genes within the DNA to increase or decrease the for­mation of mRNA that corresponds to the specific gene. Ultimately, the change in mRNA results in a change in protein production, and this brings about the biologic response.

Biologic responses to steroid and thyroid hormones typically develop more slowly but last longer than responses to peptide hormones. in part, this is because all effects are related to changes in protein synthesis. The synthesis of new protein or the degradation of protein already present requires more time than the activation or inactivation of enzymes already present.

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Source: Frandson Rowen D. et al.. Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals. 7th Edition. — John Wiley & Sons,2013. — 520 p.. 2013

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