Contents
Preface vii
Introduction 1
Terms: Anatomical and Directional 2
Suggested Equipment Check List 2
Dissection Tools 2
Other Equipment 2
1 Skeletal System 5
Axial Division 6
The Skull 6
The Premaxilla 7
The Maxilla 9
The Nasal 9
The Ethmoid 10
The Vomer 10
The Palatine 11
The Lacrimal 12
The Frontal 12
The Zygomatic 13
The Parietal 14
The Interparietal 14
The Occipital 15
The Sphenoid 16
The Presphenoid 17
The Temporal 18
Surface Features 19
Cavities and Sinuses 20
The Mandible 21
The Vertebral Column 22
Cervical Vertebrae 23
Thoracic Vertebrae 25
Lumbar Vertebrae 25
The Sacrum 25
Caudal Vertebrae 26
The Hyoid 26
The Sternum 27
The Ribs 27
Appendicular Division 28
Pectoral Girdle and Appendage 28
The Clavicle 28
The Scapula 28
The Humerus 30
The Radius 30
The Ulna 31
The Carpals and the Manus 32
Pelvic Girdle and Appendage 32
The Os Coxa or Innominate 32
The Femur 34
The Patella 34
The Tibia 34
The Fibula 35
The Tarsals and the Pes 35
Muscular System 37
External Features 38
Skinning the Cat 39
Preparing the Cat for Muscle Dissection Direction of Muscle Fibers 42 Sewing and Cutting Muscles 42
Superficial Thoracic Muscles 43
Pectoantebrachialis m.
4341
Pectoralis major m. 43
Superficial Portion 43 Deep Portion 44
Pectoralis minor m. 44
Xiphihumeralis m. 45
Abdominal Muscles 45
External oblique m. 46
Internal oblique m. 46
Transversus abdominis m. 47
Rectus abdominis m. 47
Superficial Back Muscles 47
Clavotrapezius m. 47
Clavobrachialis m. 47
Acromiotrapezius m. 48
Spinotrapezius m. 48
Latissimus dorsi m. 48
Deep Thoracic Muscles 49
Serratus ventralis m.
49Scalenus anterior, posterior, and medius m. 49
Transversus costarum m. 50
Intercostalis externus m. 50
Intercostalis internus m. 50
Transversus thoracis m. 50
Serratus dorsalis cranialis m. 51
Serratus dorsalis caudalis m. 51
Lower Back Muscles 51
Lumbar and Thoracic 51
Multifidus spinae m. 51
Longissimus dorsi m. 52
Spinalis dorsi m. 52
Iliocostalis m. 52
Muscles of the Neck 52
Sternomastoid m. 52
Cleidomastoid m. 52
Sternohyoid m. 52
Sternothyroid m. 52
Thyrohyoid m. 52
Cricothyroid m. 52
Stylohyoid m. 53
Digastric m. 53
Mylohyoid m. 53
Geniohyoid m. 53
Genioglossus m. 54
Hyoglossus m. 54
Styloglossus m. 54
Deep Neck and Back Muscles 55
Rhomboideus capitis m. 55
Rhomboideus cervicis and thoracis m. 55
Splenius m. 55
Longissimus capitis m. 57
Semispinalis cervicis m. 57
Semispinalis capitis m. 57
Longus colli m. 57
Muscles of the Head 57
Masseter m. 57
Temporalis m. 57
Pterygoideus externus m. 57
Pterygoideus internus m. 57
Shoulder Muscles 58
Supraspinatus m. 58
Infraspinatus m. 58
Teres major m. 58
Levator scapulae ventralis m. 59
Acromiodeltoid m. 59
Spinodeltoid m. 59
Teres minor m. 59
Subscapularis m. 59
Muscles of the Upper Arm or Brachium 59
Coracobrachialis m. !
Epitrochlearis m. 59
Biceps brachii m. 59
Triceps brachii m. 61
Anconeus m. 61
Brachialis m. 61
Muscles of the Forearm or Antebrachium 61
Brachioradialis m. 62
Extensor carpi radialis longus m. 62
Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. 62
Extensor digitorum communis m. 63
Extensor digitorum lateralis m. 63
Extensor carpi ulnaris m. 63
Supinator m. 63
Abductor pollicis longus m. 64
Extensor indicis m. 64
Pronator teres m. 64
Flexor carpi radialis m. 64
Flexor digitorum profundus m. 64
Flexor digitorum superficialis m.
65Flexor carpi ulnaris m. 65
Pronator quadratus m. 66
Muscles of the Manus 66
Lumbricales m. 66
Muscles of the Thigh 66
Sartorius m. 66
Gracilis m. 68
Biceps femoris m. 68
Tenuissimus m. 68
Caudofemoralis m. 68
Semitendinosus m. 68
Semimembranosus m. 68
Adductor femoris m. 68
Adductor longus m. 68
Pectineus m. 69
Iliopsoas Complex 69
Iliacus m. 69
Psoas major m. 70
Psoas minor m. 70
Quadratus lumborum m. 70
Tensor fasciae latae m. 70
Quadriceps Complex 70
Vastus medialis m. 70
Vastus lateralis m. 70
Rectus femoris m. 70
Vastus intermedius m. 70
Muscles of the Shank 72
Tibialis cranialis m. 72
Extensor digitorum longus m. 72
Extensor hallucis longus m. 72
Peroneus longus m. 72
Peroneus tertius m. 72
Peroneus brevis m. 72
Popliteus m. 72
Flexor digitorum longus m. 72
Flexor hallucis longus m. 73
Tibialis caudalis m. 73
Gastrocnemius m. 74
Plantaris m. 74
Soleus m. 75
Triceps surae m. 75
Muscles of the Pes 75
Extensor digitorum brevis m. 75
Flexor digitorum brevis m. 75
Muscles of the Hip 75
Gluteus maximus m. 75
Gluteus medius m. 75
Pyriformis m. 76
Gluteus minimus m. 76
Articularis coxae m. 76
Gemellus cranialis m. 76
Coccygeus m. 76
Obturator internus m. 76
Gemellus caudalis m. 76
Quadratus femoris m. 76
Obturator externus m. 76
Tail Muscles 78
3 Body Cavities and Mesenteries 79
Opening the Cat 79
Body Cavities or Coelomic Cavities 81
Mesenteries of the Thoracic Cavities 82
Mesenteries of the Abdominopelvic Cavity 83
4 Digestive System 89
Salivary Glands and Ducts 89
Alimentary Canal 91
Mouth or Oral Cavity 94
Tongue 94
Palate 95
Pharynx 95
Esophagus 96
Stomach 97
Small Intestine 97
Large Intestine 98
Accessory Digestive Organs 99
Liver 99
Pancreas 100
Spleen 102
5 Respiratory System 103
Openings and Spaces 104 Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi 104
Lungs 106
Diaphragm 106
6 Urogenital System 107
Excretory System 107
Kidney 107
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra 109
Female Reproductive System 110 Male Reproductive System 114
7 Endocrine System 119
Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis 119 Pineal Gland 120
Thyroid Gland 120
Parathyroid Gland 121
Thymus Gland 121
Adrenal Glands 122
Pancreas 122
Ovaries 123
Testes 123
Other Endocrine Tissues 124
8 Circulatory System 125
The Heart 125
External Anatomy 125
Internal Anatomy 127
Blood Vessels 131
Pulmonary Circulation 131
Systemic Circulation 133
Blood Vessels of the Head, Neck, Chest and Forelimb 133
Blood Vessels of the Abdominal Region 136
Veins of the Hepatic Portal System 143
Blood Vessels of the Lower Abdominal and Pelvic Regions 144
Blood Vessels of the Hindlimb 145
9 Nervous System 153
The Brain 153
The Meninges and Ventricles of the Brain 154 External Anatomy 154
The Telencephalon 154
The Diencephalon 154
The Mesencephalon 156
The Metencephalon 157
The Myelencephalon 157
Internal Anatomy—Sagittal
Section of the Brain 159
The Brainstem 160
The Spinal Cord 161
Spinal Nerves 161
The Brachial Plexus 162
Lumbosacral Plexus (Ventral View) 164
Lumbosacral Plexus (Dorsal View) 167
10 Sense Organs 169
Tongue 169
Nose 169
Ear 169
Eye 171
External Structures 171
Internal Structures 172
Glossary 175
References 179
Index 181
Lymphatic Circulation 151