Index

Figures are indicated with italicized page numbers; tables are noted with a.

A band

Abdominal aorta

Abdominal breathing

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abducens nerve (VI)

in dog

Abnormal presentations (parturition) Abomasum (true stomach)

Abrupt method, of drying-off

Abscess

Absolute number of leukocytes

Absolute polycythemia

Accessory foods

Accessory nerve (XI)

in dog

Accessory sex glands

Accommodation, lens and

ACE.

See Angiotensin converting enzyme Acetabulum

Acetate

chemical structure of

energy production and

Acetic acids

Acetoacetate

Acetone

Acetonemia

Acetylcholine

Acetyl coenzyme A

ACh. See Acetylcholine

Acid-base balance maintenance

chemical buffer systems mechanisms of action for relative merits of

mechanism of H⁺ secretion by kidneys relationship of pH to H⁺

respiratory system and

Acidemia

Acidosis

Acids

Acrosin

Acrosome

ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Actin

muscle contraction and

myosin interacting with, sequence of

Actin filaments

comparison of contraction among muscle types and conformational changes of, after calcium binding smooth muscle contraction and

Action potentials

Activated B cells

Activated factor IX

Activated factor X (FXa)

Activated FIX (FIXa)

Active transport

Adaptation

Adductors

Adenine, DNA replication and

Adenohypophysis

Adenosine diphosphate

oxidative phosphorylation of

in platelets

skeletal muscle contraction and role of

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)

Adenosine triphosphate

skeletal muscle contraction and role of

water gain and

ADH. See Antidiuretic hormone

Adipose tissue, in dogs

Adluminal compartment

ADP. See Adenosine diphosphate

Adrenal cortex

aldosterone and

hormones of

Adrenal glands

canine kidneys and

diagrammatic representation of

Adrenaline

structural formula for

Adrenal medulla

hormones of

nerve supply to

Adrenal steroids, mammogenesis and

Adrenergic system

Adrenocortical hormones, structural formula of

Adrenocorticosteroid hormones, Cushing’s disease and Adrenocorticotropic hormone

lactogenesis and

secretion of

Adventitious sounds

Aerobic stage, in catabolism

Afferent arteriolar feedback mechanism

Afferent arterioles

glomerular filtration rate and diameter of kidney blood flow and

Afferent limb

Afferent lymphatics

Afferent neuron, spinal cord of dog and

Agglutination

Agonists, platelet activation and

Agranulocytes

Agricultural chemicals, inhalation of

Air, as excellent radiographic contrast media

Air capillaries, in birds

Air flow, avian respiration and

Air sacculitis

Air sacs

in birds

infection of

Airways, to lungs

Albumen

in hen’s egg

layers of, in laid yolk

Albumin (plasma protein)

Alcohol consumption, inhibition of ADH secretion and Aldosterone

function of

secretion of

Alkalemia

Alkaline tide

Alkalosis

Allantoic cavity

Allantoic fluid

Allantois

Allergic reactions, basophils and

All-or-none principle

All-trans-retinal

Alpacas

Alpha cells (glucagon)

Alpha globulins

Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

Alpha granule, in platelet

Alpha-lactalbumin

in milk

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition

Alpha receptors

Alveolar air pressure, atmospheric air pressure vs.

Alveolar clearance

Alveolar duct

Alveolar membrane

Alveolar sac

Alveolar ventilation, humoral control and

Alveolus (alveoli)

blood vessels and myoepithelial cells around

carbon dioxide loss at

of mammary gland

Ameboid movement, of neutrophils

Amine chemical class

Amine hormones

Amino acid nitrogen, values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Amino acids

proteins and

reabsorption of

Ammonia

excretion of

uric acid formation and

Amnion

Amniotic cavity

Amniotic fluid

Amorphous ground substance

Ampulla

of ductus deferens

of vas deferens in bull

Ampullary crista, structure of, in semicircular duct

Amylase

Anaerobic microorganisms

Anaphase

Anasarca

Anatomy

Androgen-binding protein

Androgens

Anemia

Anestrus

Angiotensinases

Angiotensin converting enzyme

Angiotensin I

Angiotensin II

conversion of angiotensinogen to juxtaglomerular apparatus and

Angiotensinogen

conversion of, to angiotensin II

Annulus fibrosus

Anosmatic sense of smell

Anoxia

ANS. See Autonomic nervous system

Ansa spiralis

of cow

of pig

Antebrachium

Antelope

Anterior chamber, of eyeball

Anterior cornea

Anterior epithelium

Anterior lobe

Anterior pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone and beta-lipoprotein hormone and gonadotropic hormones, prolactin and growth hormone and hypophysioportal circulation and secretion of hormones in thyroid-stimulating hormone and

Anterior presentation

Anterior semicircular canal

Anthracosis

Antibodies

Anticoagulant protein C pathway

Anticoagulants

Antidiuretic hormone

Antigen-antibody agglutination and precipitation

Antigens

Antiperistalsis, colonic motility and

Antipyretic drugs

Antithrombin III

Antithyroid compounds, thyroid deficiency and

Antrum

Anulus fibrosus

Anus

in dog

Anvil

Aorta

in canine kidneys

in horse

in male chicken

mean pressure and

Aortic arch

Aortic bodies

Aortic semilunar valves

Aortic sinuses

Apex, of heart

Aplastic anemia

Apnea

Apneustic center, in respiratory center

Apocrine glands, secretions of

Apocrine sweat, characteristics of

Apocrine sweat glands

Aponeurosis

Apotransferrin

Appendicular skeleton

Apposition, bone growth by

Appositional mechanism

Aqueous collecting veins

Aqueous humor

formation of

pressure maintained by

Aqueous scleral vein

Aqueous veins, in eyeball

Arachidonic acid

Arachnoid

Arachnoid granulations

Arachnoid villi,

Arcades, of teeth

Arch

Arrector pili muscle,

Arterial blood, pH of

Arterial blood partial pressure

Arterial blood gas analysis

Arterial pressure

Arteries

major, decreasing pressures to major veins

mammary

ovarian

pulmonary

renal

testicular

uterine

vaginal

Arterioles

mean pressure and

Arthritis

Arthrology

Articular cartilage

Artificial insemination

Asbestosis

Ascending aorta

Ascending colon

in cow

in dog

Ash, milk minerals expressed as

Asparagine

Asphyxia

Association fibers

Asters

Astrocytes

Atelectasis

Atmospheric air pressure, alveolar air pressure vs.

ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate

Atresia, of follicles

Atria

heart

muscle fibers of

Atrial syncytium

Atrioventricular (A-V) valves

Atrium

in canine heart

of heart

Atrophy

Attitudinal reflexes

Auditory area, of brain

Auditory ossicles (bones)

Auditory reflex center

Auditory tube

Auerbach plexus

cells of

August, Marie

Auricles

in canine heart

Auscultation

Automatic adjustments

Autonomic nerves

Autonomic nervous system

autonomic reflexes and

central components of

heart rates and

hypothalamus and

male reproduction and parasympathetic efferent distribution in peripheral components of

role of

saliva and

subdivisions within

sympathetic efferent distribution and

Autonomic reflexes

Autonomic stimulation, actions of

Autoregulation

of blood flow

of cardiac output

of glomerular filtration

Avascular

A-V bundle

Avian digestion

Avian lungs

cross-current gas exchange system in impaired ventilation of

Avian respiration

general considerations related to

mechanics of respiration and air circulation in

Avian respiratory morphology, general scheme of

Avian urinary system

anatomic features of

concentration of avian urine in

modification of ureteral urine in

renal portal system and

uric acid formation and excretion in

urine characteristics and flow in

Axial skeleton

Axolemma

Axons

Ayrshire cows, milk composition and

Azurophilic granules

Bacterial infections, leukocytosis and

Bacterial microorganisms

Bainbridge reflex

Ballottement

Band cells

Band neutrophil

Basal compartment

Basal daily needs, for water

Basal junction

Basal lamina (basement membrane)

Basal metabolism conditions

Basal nuclei

Base, of heart

Basement membrane

function of

in seminiferous tubule

Bases

Basilar membrane

Basket cells

Basophils

B cells

B complex vitamins, rumen bacteria and

Beaks, food ingestion and

Beans

Bean-shaped kidneys, in sheep

Bears, hibernating

Beats per minute

Beef cows, average rectal temperature of

Belch

Bellying down

Beta cells

Beta globulins

Beta-hydroxybutyrate

Beta-lactoglobulin

Beta-lipoprotein hormone

Beta receptors

Bicarbonate, carbon dioxide transport and

Bicarbonate buffers, in saliva

Bicarbonate buffer system

formula representation for

relative merits of

Bicuspid valve

Bile

Bile canaliculi

Bile duct

Bile salts

Biliary bicarbonate, secretion of

Biliary secretions

Bilirubin

urine color and

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Bilirubin diglucuronide

Bilirubin glucuronide

Biliverdin

Binocular area of vision

Bipolar neurons

Birds.

See also Avian digestion; Avian respiration; Avian urinary system absent contact activation pathway in

air flow associated with inspiration and expiration in

basophils in

domestic, retinas of

eosinophils in

extremes of heat and responses of

fundi of

male reproduction in

monocytes in

respiration and utilization coefficient for

stomach of

uric acid in

urine formation and elimination in mammals vs. in

veins in renal portal system of

Birth

Birth canal

Bison

Bitch. See also Dogs

corpus in

estrous cycle in

factors related to female reproduction in

genital tract in

location of reproductive organs relative to rectum and urinary bladder in vestibule of the vagina in

Bitter taste

Black-and-white vision, rods and

Bladder,

in bull

neck of

Blastoceles

Blastula

mitotic division from zygote to

Bloating

causes of

in ruminants

types of

Blood

cells of

color of

functions of

general characteristics of

hematocrit and

iron absorption from intestinal epithelium into

pH of

total leukocytes per microliter of, and percentage of each leukocyte values of some constituents of, from mature domestic animals Blood-brain barrier

Blood circulatory systems

Blood clot, major stages in formation of

Blood coagulation

clot growth

clot retraction

fibrin formation

pathways to thrombin formation

prevention of

in normal circulation

in withdrawn blood

species differences and

tests for

Blood diversion, cardiac output and

Blood flow

breathing and

in dog, diversion of according to need

intralobular

through heart

Blood-gas analysis

Blood loss

Blood pressure

characteristic, in adult, resting animals

measurement in dog, taken from carotid artery

measurements of

pressure generation and flow

reflexes for control of

simultaneous recording of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, respiration and systolic and diastolic pressures

Blood supply

to female genitalia

to mammary glands

to nephrons

in synovial joint

to testicles

Blood values reference

for cattle

for dogs

for pigs

Blood variables, average values for several

Blood vessels.

See also Arteries; Capillaries; Veins

in dog

heat conservation and

Blood volume

calculation of

defined

Boar

ampullae absent in

ampulla of the ductus deferens absent in

anatomy of male reproductive organs in

preputial diverticulum in

sigmoid flexure of penis in

spermatozoa of

Boar taint

Body

of canine stomach

of epididymis

of penis

of stomach

of uterus

of vertebrae

Body cavities

abdominal, schematic sagittal plane of

abdominopelvic

dorsal

peritoneum

thoracic

ventral

Body sense area

Body size, heart rate and

Body systems

Body temperature. See also Heat

average rectal temperatures for various species diurnal temperature

gradients of

pulmonary ventilation and

Body water distribution

intracellular and extracellular fluid

total body water and fluid compartments

Bolus

intestinal peristalsis and movement of

mastication process and

rumination and

swallowing and

transport of

Bone(s). See also Skeleton

cells of

of chicken

composition of

formation of

fractures of

repairing

haversian systems and

of horse

long

growth of

shaft of

structure of

metacarpal and phalangeal, of horse

of ox

remodeling of

repair of

structure of

of thoracic and pelvic limbs, comparison of

Bone marrow

Boundary marking, pheromones and

Bovine fetal placenta, relationship of, to maternal endometrium

Bovine fetus, proper presentation for

Bovine ketosis

Bovine reproductive organs, dorso-cranial view of

Bovine spermatozoa, fertile life for

Bovine stomach compartments, relative sizes of, at various ages

Bovine tongue, dorsal surface of

Bowman capsule,

glomerular filtration dynamics and

Bowman gland

Bowman membrane

bpm. See Beats per minute

Brachial plexus

of horse

Brachiocephalic trunk

Brachium

Bradykinin, in basophil granules

Bradypnea

Brain

cerebellum

cerebral hemispheres

cooling blood supply to

gross divisions of

meninges of

subdivisions of

according to development from primary embryonic vesicles in dog

relative locations of

ventricles of

Brain stem

Braking effect

Breathing

blood flow and

illustration of mechanics of

lung sounds

main function of

pulmonary volumes and capacities

reflex inhibition of

respiratory cycles

respiratory frequency

states of

types of

Breath sounds

Bright quality, of pain

Broad ligament

bovine

in cow

Bronchi

in birds

in horse

Bronchial tree, contributors to moving mucous blanket of Bronchioles

inertial deposition and

laminar, low-velocity flow in

Broodiness

Brown eggs

Brown fat

heat production and

white fat vs.

Brownian motion, deposition by

Brown Swiss cows, milk composition and

Buccal surface, of tooth

Buffalo, average duration of three stages of labor in

Buffer systems, relative merits of

Buffy coat

Bulbar conjunctiva

Bulbospongiosus muscle

in bull

in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion Bulbo-urethral glands

Bulbus glandis

canine coitus and

in dog

Bulk flow

diffusion and

mechanism of

Bulls

disposition of accessory glands, discharging into pelvic urethra of

erectile tissue in

erection in

genital organs of

penis of

hematoma of

sigmoid flexure of

some associated muscles and

rupture of corpus cavernosum penis in spermatogenic wave in

spermatozoa of

transverse sections of fibroelastic penis of

Burrows, hibernation in

Bursa of Fabricius

function of

of turkey

Butyrate

chemical structure of

energy production and

Butyric acids

BV. See Blood volume

B vitamins, in milk

Calcified matrix

Calcitonin

Calcitriol

Calcium

in milk

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Calcium binding, conformational changes of actin filament after

Calcium ions

homeostasis and, in cow

regulation of, parathyroid hormone and

Callus

Caloric expenditure

Calorigenesis

Calvaria (brain case)

Calveolae

Calving process, lack of adduction and

Camels

adapting to lack of water and

average rectal temperature of

rumen of

Canaliculi

Canal of Schlemm

Canary, blood pressures in

Cancellous bone

Canine adrenal glands

Canine brain ventricles

Canine glottis, cranial view of

Canine heart

sagittal section of

Canine kidneys, ventral view of

Canines. See also Dogs

arterial blood gas analysis for

dental formulas and eruption times for

Canine teeth

Canine thorax, healthy, radiographs of

Cannon bone

Capacitation

Capillaries

of central nervous system

imbalances in

joints and

physical factors associated with filtration at arterial end and reabsorption at venous end of pressures determining fluid filtration and reabsorption in

of pulmonary circulation

Capillary bed, schematic representation of

Capillary dynamics

capillary imbalances

diffusion and bulk flow

interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure

venous side increases vs. arterial side increases

Capillary endothelium

basement membrane

fenestrated

Capillary hydrostatic pressure, increases in

Capillary pericytes

Capillary pressure (P_c), bulk flow and

Capillary tube method, for blood coagulation test

Capsular space

Carbamino compounds

Carbohydrates

digestion and absorption of

in milk

Carbon dioxide

diffusion of

direction for

from tissues into erythrocytes

fermentation and production of

humoral control and influence of

in plasma

respiration and

Carbon dioxide receptors, in avian lungs

Carbon dioxide transport

carbamino compounds

hydration reaction

loss of carbon dioxide at the alveolus

Carbonic anhydrase

Carbon monoxide, hemoglobin and

Carbon monoxide poisoning, ventilation and

Carbonmonoxyhemoglobin

Cardia

of canine stomach

of stomach

Cardiac auscultation

Cardiac contractility

cardiac cycle

conduction of the impulse

origin of the heartbeat

Cardiac cycle

Cardiac gland

Cardiac muscles

cells of, in their longitudinal and cross-sectional planes changes in size of

contraction of

frequency of contraction in

hypertrophy in

Cardiac output

blood diversion and

for dog in normal state of hydration

Cardioinhibitory center

Cardiovascular system. See also Heart

blood flow

blood pressure

blood vessels

capillary dynamics

cardiac contractility

electrocardiogram

embryonic development of

heart and pericardium

heart rate and its control

heart sounds

lymphatic system

spleen

Caribou

Carnivorous (or flesh-eating) animals

Carotid arteries

Carotid sinuses

Carpus,

Cartilage

Cartilage cells

Cartilage plate, four zones of

Caruncles

Cascade phenomenon

Caseins, in milk

Castration

Catabolism

aerobic stage of

of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Catecholamines

structural formulas for

Cats

accommodation in

apocrine sweat glands in

approximate number of nephrons in each kidney for

average rectal temperature of

blood pressure in

extremes of heat and responses of

field vision of

heart rates in

heat loss from sweating in

lengths of intestinal parts in

life span of erythrocytes in

mammary glands of

mammogenesis in

milk composition from

ovarian activity in

percentage of long-looped nephrons in

polycythemia vera in

purring in

respiratory frequency for, under different conditions

response of warmth-sensitive neurons in rostral hypothalamus of

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte urine volumes and specific gravities for

zonary placenta of

Cattle. See also Cows

apocrine sweat glands in

approximate number of nephrons in each kidney for

bloating in

critical temperature in

effect of time of insemination on conception rate in

ejaculation of sperm in

extremes of heat and responses of

gastrointestinal tract in

heat loss from sweating in

ketosis treatment in

kidney’s shape in

life span of erythrocytes in

mammogenesis in

milk composition from

normal blood values for

number of sperm intended for artificial insemination in panting in

polycythemia vera in

rumination time and

stomach of, left and right views

stunning of, breathing and heart beat in

traumatic pericarditis in

urine volumes and specific gravities for

wooden tongue in

Cauda epididymis

Cauda equina

caudal extremity of spinal cord showing

Caudal (Cd) vertebrae

Caudal direction

Caudal lobe, in avian kidney

Caudal nerves

Caudal presentation

Caudal vena cava

in canine kidneys

in cow

in horse

Caudodorsal blind sac

Caudoventral blind sac

Cavernous tissue

C cells

CCK. See Cholecystokinin

Ceca

avian

of turkey

Cecal contractions, large intestine and

Cecum

in cattle

in dog

in horse

in pig

Cell-mediated immunity

Cell membranes

structure of

Cells

band

blood

bone

cardiac muscle

crenated

endothelial

number of, in animals

schematic drawing of, and its organelles seen in electron photomicrographs segmented

smooth muscle

Cellulose

Central canal of the spinal cord

Central component, in autonomic nervous system

Central incisors

Central lacteals

Central nervous system

blood-brain barrier and

blood requirement for

brain and

of mammals, examples of neuron placement in

metabolism of

spinal cord and

Central neurotransmitters

Central organ, reflexes and

Central pattern generator

Centrifugation

Centrioles

Centrosomes

Cerebellum

of dog, sources of input to

Cerebral aqueduct

Cerebral cortex

characteristics of

neuron circuit from periphery to

Cerebral hemispheres

Cerebral meninges

Cerebral peduncles

Cerebral striata

Cerebrospinal fluid

circulation and function of

normal pressure of

pathway of flow from choroid plexus to arachnoid villi

principal function of

Cerebrum

Cervical (C) vertebrae

Cervical nerves

Cervical vertebrae

Cervix

in mare, cow, sow, and bitch

ruminant, dorsal view of

Chalazae

Cheek teeth

Chelating agents

Chemical buffer systems, acid-base balance maintenance and

Chemical synaptic transmission

Chemoreceptors, pulmonary ventilation and

Chemotactic products

Chemotaxis

“Cherry eye,”

Chewing, uneven wear of tooth surfaces and

Chickens

average rectal temperature of (daylight)

blood pressures in

broodiness in

extremes of heat and responses of

heart rates in

hydrated, urine flow for

life span of erythrocytes in

male, urogenital system of

skeleton of

stark white pectoralis muscle of

temperature and drinking water by

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte values of some constituents of blood from

vertebral formulas for

Chlorine

in milk

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Cholecystokinin

Cholesterol

biosynthesis of steroid hormones from

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Cholinergic system

Chondrocytes

Chordae tendineae

in canine heart

Chorion

Choroid

Choroid plexus

Chromatids

Chromatin

Chromium

Chromosomes

Chronic renal failure, impaired concentrating ability and

Chylomicrons

Chyme

Chymotrypsin

Cilia

Ciliary body

Ciliary muscles

Ciliary processes

Circularly arranged fibers

Circulation time

Circulatory adjustments, body temperature and

Circulatory system. See also Arteries; Blood; Capillaries; Heart; Veins schematic representation of

Circumferential lamellae

Cistern, within teat

Citric acid cycle

CL. See Corpus luteum

Cl^-, reabsorption of

Clavicle

Clitoris

of cow

Cloaca

avian

lateral view of

of male chicken

of turkey

Clostridium tetani

Clot formation

clot growth

clot retraction

fibrin formation

key reactions involved in

pathways to thrombin formation

Clot growth

Clot retraction

Clutch

CNS. See Central nervous system

CoA. See Acetyl coenzyme A

Coagulation defects

Coagulation pathway, major components of

Coarse mesh, lymph node

Cobalt

Cochlea

pressure waves transmitted in

structure and function of

Cochlear aqueduct

Cochlear duct

Cochlear nerve

in dog

Cochlear portion, of inner ear

Cochlear sac

Cochlear window

Cocks

phallus of

spermatozoa of

Coffin bone

Coffin joints

Coiled colon, for ruminants

Coitus

dog, “locking” phase or “tie” during

Cold

physiologic responses to

sense of

Cold-blooded animals, body temperature and

Cold environments, inhibition of ADH release and

Cold stress, avian digestion and

Collagen

Collagenase

Collecting ducts

nephron

Collecting tubules

Colloid

Colloidal osmotic pressure, plasma proteins and Colon

in cow

descending

divisions of

in dog

in dog, horse, and cattle

in horse

peristaltic movements in

in pig

transverse

in turkey

Color vision, cones and

Colostrum, composition of

Columnar epithelium

Commissural fibers

Common meatus

of horse

Compact bone

Complementary relationships

Complement system

Concentrates

Concentrating capacity, relationship of structure to, in mammalian kidneys

Concentration failure

Conchae

Conduction, heat loss and

Cone protein

Cones

color vision and

outer segments of

Conical papillae

Conjunctivae

Conjunctival membrane

Conjunctival sac

Connecting tubules

Connective tissues

functions of

ordinary

Constipation

Contact activation pathway (intrinsic system)

Contact surface, of tooth

Contractile proteins

Contraction

contracture vs.

increasing muscle strength by increasing frequency of

microstructure of skeletal muscle and

of muscle fibers

of skeletal muscles

Contraction strength

tetanus

treppe

Contracture, contraction vs.

Contralateral side of body, cerebellum and

Convection, heat loss and

Converging circuit

Convex lenses

Copper

Coprodeum, avian

Coprophagy, rabbits and

Copulation, sexual receptivity and

Coracoid

Cornea

histologic organization of

hydration of

layers of

Corneoscleral meshwork

Corner incisors

Cornified cells

Cornua

Corona radiata

Coronary arteries

Corpora hemorrhagica

Corpora quadrigemina

Corpus

of stomach

of uterus

Corpus cavernosum, in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion

Corpus cavernosum penis, rupture of, in bulls

Corpus luteum

formation and regression of

persistent

pregnancy and

Corpus spongiosum, in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion

Cortex

of horse kidney

of kidney

of ovary

Cortical collecting tubules

Cortical nephron

Corticomedullary nephrons

Corticosteroids, maintenance of lactation and

Corticotrope

Cortisol

eosinophil count and

parturition and

Costal arch, in cow

Costal breathing

Costal pleura

in horse

Cotyledon

Cotyledonary placenta, of ruminants

Countercurrent exchanger system

Countercurrent mechanism

Countercurrent multiplication, in loop of Henle and recirculation of urea

Countercurrent multiplier system

Countercurrent system, heat loss reduction and

Cowper glands

Cows. See also Cattle

average duration of three stages of labor in

average rectal temperature of

blood pressure in

blood supply to reproductive tract of, ventral view

changes in plasma concentration of hormones in, near parturition circulation showing pulmonary system in

corpus in

dental formulas and eruption times for permanent teeth in

estrous cycle in

factors related to female reproduction in

fundi of

gastrointestinal tract of

genital tract in

heart’s location in, relative to reticulum

involution of uterus in

location of reproductive organs relative to rectum and urinary bladder in mammary gland of

blood supply and venous drainage

duct system

myoepithelial cells

regression in

suspensory apparatus

teat

midsaggital section of head of, with nasal septum removed

nostrils of

ovaries in

pelvic bones of

red blood cell number count in

relationship of parathyroid hormone, kidneys, and calcium ion homeostasis in reproductive tract of

right kidney, ventral view in

suspensory apparatus of

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte

urinary bladder and urethra relative to other organs in

uterine position in

values of some constituents of blood from

vestibule of the vagina in

Coxofemoral (hip) joint

CP. See Creatine phosphate

Crackles

Cranial cavity

Cranial direction

Cranial lobe, in avian kidney

Cranial nerves

in dogs, origin and distribution of

twelve pairs of

Cranial presentation

Cranial vena cava

Cranioesophageal sphincter

Craniosacral origin, of nerves

Cranium

Creamster muscle

Creatine phosphate

Creatinine, values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Creatinine clearance

Cremaster muscles

Crenated cells

Crista

Critical temperature

Crop

in avian esophagus

of turkey

Cross bridges

Cross-current flow, avian respiration and

Crossed extensor response

Crus (tibia and fibula)

Cryptorchid testes

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

C-16 unsaturated androgens

Cubical epithelium

Cupula of cochlea

Curd

Current flow

Cushing’s disease, eosinophils and

Cutaneous pain afferent fiber

Cuticle

Cyanosis

Cytoplasm

Cytosine, DNA replication and

Cytotoxic T cells

Dairy calf, respiratory frequency for, under different conditions Dairy cows

average rectal temperature of

heart rates in

respiratory frequency for, under different conditions

Dark adaptation

Dead space ventilation

Deep (interior) inguinal ring

Deep surface

Deer

Defecation, frequency of

Defibrillation

Deglutition

Dehydration

Delta cells (somatostatin)

Dendrites

of postsynaptic neuron

Denervation atrophy

Dense body

in platelet

smooth muscle contraction and

Dense connective tissues

Dense irregular tissues

Dense regular tissues

Dense tubular system, in platelet

Dental formula

for permanent teeth

Dental pad

Dental rasp

Dental star

Depolarization

of heart muscle, voltage changes and

of internodal pathways

mammalian intestinal smooth muscle and

of muscle fibers

recording of transmembrane potential during

Deposition, physical forces of

Depraved appetite

Depth perception

Dermis

Descemet endothelium

Descemet membrane

Descending aorta

Descending colon

in cow

in dog

in horse

in pig

Desert animals, urine-to-plasma osmolal ratio and

Detrusor muscle

Diabetes insipidus, ADH and

Diabetes mellitus, transport maximum and

Diapedesis

Diaphragm

in cow

Diaphysis

Diarrhea

Diastole

Diastolic blood pressure

Dicoumarol

Diencephalon

Diestrus, defined

Diet. See also Foods

basic foodstuffs in

rumination time and

Diethylstilbestrol

Differential white blood cell count

Diffuse junctions

Diffuse placenta

of horse and pig

Diffusion

barriers to

bulk flow and

of respiratory gases

Diffusional flow

Digestion and absorption. See also Colon

accessory organs

avian digestion

of carbohydrates

characteristics of ruminant digestion chemistry and microbiology of the rumen

composition of foodstuffs

digestive secretions

of fats

gastrointestinal motility

intestines

mechanical functions of large intestine

mechanical functions of stomach and small intestine microbial digestion in large intestine

oral cavity and pharynx

pregastric mechanical functions

of proteins

ruminant metabolism

ruminant stomach

simple stomach

Digestive secretions

biliary secretions

gastric secretions

pancreatic secretions

saliva

Digestive tract

filling of, respiratory frequency and

of turkey

Digit

Dipeptides

Diphosphoglycerate mutase

Diploid (2n) number of chromosomes, oocytes and

Directional terms and planes

Dirunal temperatures, in watered and dehydrated camel Disaccharides

chemical structure of

Discocytes, advantages of

Discoid placenta, of humans and monkeys

Disease, respiratory frequency and

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Distal direction

Distal duodenum, of turkey

Distal tubule

Disuse atrophy

Diuresis

Diurnal animals, corneas of

Diurnal temperature

Diverging circuit

Diving ducks, respiratory center sensitivity to postural changes in

DNA

replication of

two polynucleotide chains in double helix of

Does

estrous cycle in

photoperiod response in

Dogs. See also Bitch

adrenal glands in

ampullae absent in

anatomy of male reproductive organs in

apocrine sweat glands in

approximate number of nephrons in each kidney for

average rectal temperature in

blood pressure measurement taken from carotid artery in

brain in, gross subdivisions of

brain ventricles in

bulbus glandis in

cecum and colon in, dorsal view of

cecum in

dental formulas and eruption times for permanent teeth in

diversion of blood flow in

dorsal view of stomach, duodenum, and pancreas in

efferent autonomic nervous system of

erythrocyte size in

examples of different electrode placements and characteristic wave forms for external ear of

extremes of heat and responses of

extrinsic eye muscles of

female, side view of, showing general location of urinary system and vagina final distention of penis in

fundi of

gastrointestinal tract in

glottis in, cranial view of

heart in and its major vessels in the thorax

heart rates in

heat loss from sweating in

iridocorneal angle region of

kidney function variables in

kidneys in, ventral view of

kidney size in

lacrimal production and drainage system in eye of

latex cast of inner ear of

lengths of intestinal parts in

life span of erythrocytes in

“locking” phase or “tie” during coitus in

mammary glands of

mammogenesis in

milk composition and

normal blood values for

normal lead II P-QRS-T complex, close-up of

nostrils of

olfactory region in

olfactory region of, and cells associated with smell

origin and distribution of cranial nerves in

osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from

polycythemia vera in

prostate gland enlargement in

prostate gland in

red blood cell number count in

relationship of ciliary processes with ciliary body, zonular fibers, and posterior chamber in respiratory frequency for, under different conditions

salivary gland locations in

schematic of association of spinal nerves with vertebrae in

sound frequencies perceived by

sources of input to cerebellum of

spinal cord of

structure of

transverse section of

spinal nerves in

spleen, in relationship to other body organs in

splenic contraction in

third eyelid in

thorax of, radiographs of

tongue of, taste buds associated with papillae on

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte

urine volumes and specific gravities for

values of some constituents of blood from

vertebral formulas of

zonary placenta of

Dog skin, schematic section of, showing blood vessels and insulating adipose tissue

Domestic mammals, retinas of

Donkeys

adapting to lack of water and

average rectal temperature of

Dopamine, structural formula for

Doppler effect

Doppler flow method, of blood pressure measurement

Dorsal branch

Dorsal cavity

Dorsal colon

Dorsal concha

of cow

of horse

Dorsal direction

Dorsal horn

of gray matter

in spinal cord of dog

Dorsal meatus

of horse

Dorsal oblique muscle, in dog

Dorsal rectus muscle, in dog

Dorsal respiratory group

in respiratory center

Dorsal root

in spinal cord of dog

in spinal nerve

Dorsal root ganglion

in spinal cord of dog

Double-folded prepuce, in stallion

Double helix (DNA)

DRG. See Dorsal root ganglion

Dromedary, adapting to lack of water and. See also Camels Drying-off techniques, regression of mammary gland and Dry matter (milk solids)

Ducks, penises of

Ductless glands

Ducts, in mammary gland

Duct system, in cow mammary glands

Ductus deferens

avian

spinal cord of mammals and

Duodenum

canine, dorsal view of

of cow

of pig

Dural sinuses Dura mater Dyspnea Dystocia Dysuria

Ear canal, in dog

Eardrum

Ears

of dog

external

hearing, equilibrium and

inner

middle

sound wave pathway into

Eat-or-sleep concept

Eccrine sweat glands

ECF. See Extracellular fluid

ECG. See Electrocardiogram

Ectoderm

formation of

Edema

Effective osmotic pressure

of the plasma

Effector organ

Efferent arteriolar feedback mechanism

Efferent arterioles

glomerular filtration rate and diameter of mammalian nephrons and

Efferent ducts

Efferent limb

Efferent lymphatic vessel

Efferent neurons, in spinal cord of dog

Efferent (outflowing) fibers

Efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity

Egg

hen’s, formation of

hen’s, midsaggital section of

Egg bound

Egg-laying hens, commercial flocks, production of Egg white

Ejaculation

Elastase

Elastic fibers

connective in large arteries

in suspensory apparatus

Elbow joint

Electrocardiogram

isoelectric line

simultaneous recording of phonocardiogram, respiration, blood pressure and wave forms in

Electrocardiography

Electrolytes

intestinal transport of

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Electron transfer chain

11-c⅛-retinal

Elk

Embryo, implantation of

Embryology

Embryonic period

Emesis (vomiting)

Emission

Emphysema

Endocarditis

Endocardium

Endochondral ossification

Endocrine functions, of pancreatic gland

Endocrine glands

development of

Endocrine system. See also Hormones

adrenal glands

hormones

pancreatic gland

parathyroid glands

pituitary gland

thyroid gland

Endocrine transmission

Endocytosis

Endoderm

formation of

Endogenous creatinine clearance method

Endolymph

Endometrial cups

Endometrium

bovine fetal placenta in relationship to

placental types according to distribution of chorionic projections on

Endomysium

Endopeptidases

Endoplasmic reticulum

Endosteum

Endothelial cells

classification of

Endothelium

Endotracheal tube

placement of

in place relative to structures encountered

Energy production

ruminant metaboism and

Enteric nervous system

Enterogastric reflex

Enterogastrone reflex

Enterokinase

Eosinophils

Ependymal cells

Epiblast

Epicardium

Epicrine transmission

Epidermal papilla, in dogs

Epidermis

Epididymal transport, of spermatazoa

Epididymis

in male chicken

Epiglottis

in cow

endotracheal tube in place relative to

Epimysium

Epinephrine

Epiphyseal bone

Epiphyseal plates

appearance presented by both longitudinal and cross sections of areas of growth hormone and

Epiphysis

Epithalamus

Epithelial membranes, kinds of

Epithelium (epithelial tissue)

classification of

origination of

tissue classifications

EPO. See Erythropoietin

Equilibrium

hearing and

inner ear and sense of

Equine species, arterial blood gas analysis for. See also Horses

Equine thorax

cross section of

schematic transverse plane of

transverse section of

Equivalents

pathways for interconversion of grams, osmoles and

ER. See Endoplasmic reticulum

Erectile tissue

Erection

reflex centers for

sigmoid flexure of penis and

ERSNA. See Efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity

Eructation

Eructed gases, off-flavors and

Eruption, of teeth

Erythrocyte development, stages of

Erythrocyte indices

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

canine, changes in volume of, attributable to tone of suspending NaCL solution effect of tone of solutions on

fate of

life span of

number of

osmotic fragility of, from normal dogs and normal goats

processes occurring when carbon dioxide diffuses from tissues into

shape of

size of

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoietin

Esophageal region

Esophagus

avian

canine

in cow

endotracheal tube in place relative to

in horse

swallowing and

Essential amino acids

Esters

Estradiol

mammary gland response to

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition

Estradiol-17-β

Estrogen(s)

functions of

parturition and increase in

patterns in mare, cow, sow, and ewe before parturition

sexual receptivity and

Estrone

Estrous cycle

Graafian follicles and

nutrition and

species characteristics of

bitche

cow

doe

ewe

mare

queen

sow

stages of

Estrus

cervix and

defined

Eupnea

Hering-Breuer reflexes and

intrapulmonic pressure during

Eustachian tubes

Evaporative heat loss

Ewes. See also Sheep

average duration of three stages of labor in

estrogen patterns in, before parturition

estrous cycle in

factors related to female reproduction in

involution of uterus in

photoperiod response in

prostaglandins, progesterone-primed uterus and destruction of corpus luteum in

Excitotoxicity

Excurrent duct system

Exocrine functions, of pancreatic gland

Exocrine glands

development of

Exocrine transmission

Exogenous creatinine clearance method

Exopeptidases

Expiration

in birds, air flow associated with

intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures associated with lung volume and

Expiratory reserve volume

Extensors

External abdominal oblique muscle

External acoustic meatus

External callus

External ear

External pudendal vein

External sphincter

Exteroceptors

Extracellular fluid

Extracellular hydration, regulation of

Extraembryonic membranes

Extraglomerular mesangium

Extravascular hemolysis

Extrinsic muscles, of dog eyes

Eyeball

structure of

tunics of

Eyelids

lower

Eye(s)

cornea

external

humors of

iris

lens

retina

structure and functions of

Eyeshine

Eye teeth

Facial bones

of chicken

of horse

of ox

Facial nerve (VII)

in dog

Facilitated diffusion

postulated mechanism for

Factor IX

activation of, and contact phase for

clot formation and activation of

Factor X, clot formation and activation of

Factor XII, absence of, blood coagulation time and

FAD. See Flavin adenine dinucleotide

Fallopian tubes

Fangs

Farm animals

spermatozoa of, compared with other vertebrates stages of labor and related events in

Farrowing, respiratory rates and

Fascicles

Fasciculus

Fat cells

Fats

digestion and absorption of

emulsification of, in intestine

in milk

Fat-soluble vitamins

Fatty acids

F cells (pancreatic polypeptide)

FDPs. See Fibrin degradation products

Feces

Feedlot bloat

Feline cerebellar hypoplasia

Feline species, arterial blood gas analysis for. See also Cats

Feline urologic syndrome

Female genitalia

blood supply to external

Female mammary glands, functional anatomy of

Female reproduction

avian

estrous cycle and related factors

factors related to, in various animals

functional anatomy of

hormones of

involution of uterus

location of reproductive organs relative to rectum and urinary bladder ovarian follicle activity

parturition

pregnancy

sexual receptivity

Femoral vein, in male chicken

Femur

Fermentation

in large intestine

ruminant stomach and

Ferric (Fe³⁺) oxidation state

Ferritin

Ferrous (Fe²⁺) oxidation state

Fertilization. See also Pregnancy

defined

in infundibulum

prostaglandins and

schematic diagrams of

seminal plasma and

uterus and

Fetal period

Fetal placenta

Fetlock

Fetus

expulsion of

Fever

FF. See Filtration fraction

Fibrillation

Fibrin

degradation of

formation and degradation of

major components of coagulation pathway involved in

formation of

pathways to

Fibrinogen

Fibrinolysis

Fibroblasts

Fibrocytes

Fibrous tunic

Field of vision

in cat

in horse

“Fight-fright-flight” reaction

autonomic nervous system and catecholamines and

Filliform and conical papillae, on bovine tongue

Filtrate reabsorption, for dog in normal state of hydration

Filtration

Filtration fraction

for dog in normal state of hydration

renal clearance and

Filtration slit diaphragm

Fimbria

of cow

Final common pathway

Fine mesh, of lymph node

First heart sound

FIXa. See Activated FIX

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

Fleshy attachment

Flexors

Fluid compartments, total body water distributed among

Fluorine

Foal, persistent urachus in

Foal heat

Follicles

Graafian

growing

primary

primordial

ruptured

Follicle-stimulating hormone

avian male reproduction and

Graafian follicles and

mammogenesis and

Follicular fluid

Follicular growth

Follicular period

Food deprivation, death and

Foods. See also Diet

accessory

composition of

proper

Foodstuff classification

carbohydrates

lipids

minerals

proteins

vitamins

Foramen of magendie

Foramen of Monro

Foramina of Luschka

Forebrain

Forestomach

Fornix

Four-footed animals, directional terms and planes applied to

Fourth ventricle

Fovea centralis

Foveal region

Fowl, lateral view of cloaca and terminal part of vas deferens in. See also Chickens Fractures

bone

pelvis

repair of

Free bilirubin

Free iron

Freemartin

Free nerve endings

Fremitus

Frequencies, sound waves

Fructose

FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone

Full mouth, in horse

Functional residual capacity

Fundic gland region

Fundus (fundi)

of canine stomach

of seven domestic animals, as seen by ophthalmoscopy

of stomach

Fungiform papillae on bovine tongue

Fur, piloerection and

FVIIa complex

GABA. See Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Galactose

chemical structure of

Gallbladder

avian

horses and lack of

of turkey

Gametes

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Ganglion

Gap junctions

Gas distention

Gas production, in rumen

Gastric emptying

delay of

inhibiting

Gastric glands

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Gastric juice

Gastric mucosa, mechanism of hydrochloric acid secretion by parietal cells of

Gastric secretions

Gastrin

Gastrointestinal hormones, mammalian

Gastrointestinal motility

Gastrointestinal tract

comparison of, in dog, horse, and cattle

of cow

mammalian, schematic representation of

Geese, penises of

Genetic code

Genetic coding, role of, in protein synthesis and related cell functions

Genitalia

female, external

male, muscles of

Germ cells, in testicles

Germ layers

establishment of

formation of

Gestation period. See also Fertilization; Pregnancy

GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate

GIP. See Gastric inhibitory polypeptide

Giraffe

blood pressure in

Gizzard

food ingestion and

of turkey

Gland cisterns, of cattle

Gland of von Ebner

Glands

ANS innervation to

classification of

development of

Glandular stomach, of turkey

Glans penis

in bull

Glial cells (glia)

Globin

Globulins

Glomerular capillaries

Glomerular epithelium basement membrane

Glomerular epithelium foot process

Glomerular filtrate

Glomerular filtrate volume, for dog in normal state of hydration

Glomerular filtration

autoregulation of

dynamics of

filtration factors and

rate of

arteriole diameters and

creatinine clearance as measurement of

for dog in normal state of hydration

endogenous creatinine clearance method and determination of, in healthy 14-kg dog renal clearance and

Glomerular membrane

Glomerulus (glomeruli)

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

in dog

Glottis

in cow

endotracheal tube in place relative to

Glucagon

Glucocorticoids

functions and regulation of

gluconeogenic effect of

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition

secretion of

Gluconeogenesis

Glucose

chemical structure of

facilitated diffusion of

reabsorption of

renal clearance and

transport maximum and

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Glutamate

Glycerol

Glycine

Glycogen

Glycogen molecule, highly branched

Glycoproteins

GnRH. See Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Goat

average rectal temperature in

erythrocyte size in

heart rates in

lengths of intestinal parts in

lifespan of erythrocytes in

mammary glands of

milk composition and

normal blood values for

osmotic fragility of erythrocytes from

ovarian activity in

pancreatic duct in

photoperiods and

red blood cell number count in,

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte urine volumes and specific gravities for

vertebral formulas of

Goblet cells

Goblet cell secretion

Goiter

Goitrin

Goitrogen

Golgi apparatus

Golgi tendon organs

Gonadotrope cells

Gonadotropic hormones

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Gonadotropins

Graafian follicles

formation of, from a growing follicle

Graded responses

Gradients of temperature

Grain bloat

Gram-atom measurements

Grams

pathways for interconversion of osmoles, equivalents and Granular content, platelet release reaction and Granulocytes

life span and numbers of

types of

Granulocytic system

Granulosa, luteinization of

Granulosa cells

Gravid uterus

Gravitational settling

Gray matter

in spinal cord of dog

Great omentum, uterine position in cow relative to

Grinding (table) surface, of tooth

Gross anatomy

Growing follicles

formation of Graafian follicle from

Growth hormone

maintenance of lactation and

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition

Guanine, DNA replication and

Gubernaculum testis

Guernsey cows, milk from

Guinea pigs, blood pressure in

Gustation

Gustatory cells

H⁺, secretion of

Hair, pilorection and

Hair cells

of cristae

of inner ear

Hair follicles, apocrine and sebacous glands and association with Hammer

Haploid (n) number of chromosomes, oocytes and

Haptoglobin

Hard palate

Hardware disease

Haustra

Haustral contractions, large intestine and

Haversian canals

Haversian system

Hb. See Hemoglobin

HCG. See Human chorionic gonadotropin

HCl. See Hydrochloric acid

Head of epididymis

Hearing

cochlear structure and function related to

external ear

inner ear

middle ear

sound reception summary

vestibular structure and function related to

Heart. See also Cardiovascular system

blood flow through

blood pathway through

description of

horse, cross-sectional view of, at ventricular level mammalian

cardiac cycle of

conduction system of

cross-sectional schematic representation of myocardium

valves of

Heartbeat, origin of

Heart chambers

Heart rate

in adult, resting animals

autonomic nervous system and

autoregulation of

metabolic rate and

reflexes related to

Heart-shaped kidney, in horse

Heart sounds

Heat. See also Body temperature

circulatory adjustments to

evaporative loss of

extremes of, responses to

physiologic responses to

production of

in the body

increase in

reducing loss of

sense of

Heat (estrus)

Heat stress, avian digestion and

Heat stroke

Helicotrema

Helper T cells

Hemacytometer

Hematocrit

Hematopoietic stem cells

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain

Heme

Heme group, schematic representation of, and its associated polypeptide chain Hemoglobinemia

Hemoglobin (Hb)

as chemical buffer

degradation of

forms of

transport of oxygen and

Hemoglobinuria

Hemolysis

Hemolytic disease

Hemosiderin

Hemostasis, prevention of blood loss and

Hemostatic components

platelets

proteins

vascular endothelium

Hen, ovulatory cycle in

Hen’s egg

formation of

midsaggital section of

Heparin

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal system

Hepatic veins

Herbivores (plant eaters)

diet of

field of vision in

Hering-Breuer reflexes, receptors for

Hernias

Herniated intervertebral disk

Heteroplastic ossification

Hexokinase

Hibernation

awakening from

brown fat vs. white fat and

characteristics of

High-frequency sound waves

Hindbrain

Histamine

Histones

Hock

Hog, vertebral formulas of. See also Pigs

Holocrine glands

Holstein cows

legume hay consumption and daily water balance of milk from

composition of

puberty and

Homeotherm (warm-blooded) animals

Hook bones

Hopping reaction

Horizontal plane

Hormones

of adrenal cortex

of adrenal medulla

adrenocorticotropic

amine classification of

of anterior pituitary

antidiuretic

beta-lipoprotein

biochemistry of

changes in plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition defined

of female reproduction

estrogens

gonadotropins

progesterone

gonadotropic

growth

lactogenesis and

of male reproduction

androgens

testosterone

modes of transmission for

oxytocin

pancreatic

parathyroid

parturition and changes in

of posterior pituitary

pregnancy and

prolactin

pulmonary ventilation and

spermatogenesis and

thyroid-stimulating

Horns, of uterus

Horses

accommodation in

apocrine sweat glands in

blood pressure in

brachial plexus of

bulbospongiosus muscle in penis of

cecum and colon of

dental formulas and eruption times for permanent teeth in diffuse placenta of ejaculation of sperm in erection in fetus of, within placenta

field of vision in

full mouth in

fundi of

gastrointestinal tract in

heart rates in

heat loss from sweating in

incisor exam and gauging age of

incisors of, wear characteristics on

kidney of, midsagittal plane of

kidney shape in

lengths of intestinal parts in

life span of erythrocytes in

mammary glands of

metacarpal and phalangeal bones of thoracic limb of

milk composition from

nostrils of

dilatation of

number of sperm intended for artificial insemination in

ovarian activity in

prehensile structures in

rate of enzyme secretion in

red blood cell number count in

respiratory frequency for, under different conditions

right kidney, ventral view in

scapula of, lateral and medial views

skeleton of

spermatozoa of

stomach in, inner regions of

thorax of

cross section view

transverse section view

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte transverse section of head of, showing division of nasal cavities upper and lower teeth in

urine of

urine volumes and specific gravities for

values of some constituents of blood from

vertebral formula for

visual streak in

volatile fatty acids and

vomiting in

HP. See Hydrostatic pressure

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Humans

amylase in saliva, amount of

approximate number of nephrons in each kidney for blood pressure in

discoid placenta of

heart rates in

milk composition and

percentage of long-looped nephrons in

sound frequencies perceived by

sweat glands as dissipaters of heat in

urine volumes and specific gravities for

vertebral formulas for

Humerus

Humidity

Humoral control

braking effect

importance of oxygen regulation

influences of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions

Humoral immunity

Humors, of eye

Hyaline cartilage

Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronidase

Hydration reaction

Hydrocephalus

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrogen ion concentration (H⁺)

Hydrogen ions, humoral control and influence of

Hydrolysis

of simple lipid

Hydrostatic pressure

Hypercalcemia

Hypercapnia

Hyperglycemia

Hyperkalemia

Hypermagnesemia

Hypermetria

Hyperosmolality

relieving, cycle of events for

thirst center and

Hyperplasia

Hyperpnea

Hyperpolarization, mammalian intestinal smooth muscle and Hyperthermia

Hyperthyroidism

Hypertonic solutions

erythrocytes and

Hypertrophy

Hyperventilation

in birds, heat stress and

oxygen lack and

Hypoblast

Hypocapnia

Hypodermis (subcutaneous)

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

in dog

Hypoglycemia, in ruminants

Hypomagnesemia

Hypoosmolality

Hypophyseal vein

Hypophysioportal circulation

Hypophysioportal system

Hypophysis

Hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland)

Hypothalamic temperature, in cat

Hypothalamus

cell bodies of neurosecretory neurons in

extracellular hydration and role of

fever and set point of

neurons associated with sex center in

osmoreceptor cells of

Hypothermia

Hypothyroidism

Hypotonic solutions

erythrocytes and

Hypovolemia

Hypoxemia

Hypoxia

age and tolerance levels to

S-T segment depression and

H zone

I band

ICF. See Intracellular fluid

ICSH. See Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Icterus

IgD

IgE

IgG

IgM

Ileoccocolic junction, of turkey

Ileocecal junction

Ileum

in dog

in pig

upper, in birds

Iliac vein, in male chicken

Ilium

Immune response, lymphocytes and

Immunity, humoral

Immunoglobulins

Impaired evaporation

Implantation

Impulse conduction, cardiac contractility and

Incisors

age of horse and

dental formulas and eruption times for

of horse, wear characteristics on

Incomplete method, of drying-off

Incontinence, urinary

Incubation behavior, in birds

Incus

Indifferent taste response

Inertia, deposition of particles and

Inferior canaliculus

Inferior hypophyseal artery

Inflammatory reactions, monocytes and

Infundibulum

in cow

formation of hen’s egg and

Inguinal canal

Inguinal hernias

Inguinal rings

Inhaled particles, percentage of unit density deposited in lung according to their size

Inhibin

Inhibitory agents

Inner cavity, of mitochondria

Inner ear

cochlear portion of

of dog, latex cast of

pathway of infections in

right

schematic of

Inner medullary collecting duct

Inner membrane, of mitochondria

Inner mucinoid layer

Inorganic salts

Insensible water losses

Insertion, of skeletal muscle

Inspiration

in birds, air flow associated with

intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures associated with

lung volume and

schematic of thorax during

Inspiratory capacity

Inspiratory reserve volume

Insulin

controlling secretion of

maintenance of lactation and

mammogenesis and

Interbrain

Intercalated disc

Intercellular clefts

Intercellular substances

Intercornual ligament

bovine

in cow

Intercostal muscles

Interlobular artery

Interlobular ducts, in cow udder

Interlobular vein

Intermediate incisors

Intermediate skeletal muscle cells

Intermittent method, of drying-off

Internal abdominal oblique muscle

Internal callus

Internal pudendal vein

Internal sphincter

Internodal pathways

Interoceptors

Interphase

Interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Interstitial fluid

countercurrent exchanger system and

countercurrent multiplier system and

proteins and

tubular reabsorption and

Interstitial fluid colloidal osmotic pressure, bulk flow and

Interstitial fluid loss, reduced, plasma protein depletion and

Interstitial fluid pressure (Pif), bulk flow and

Interstitial lamellae

Interstitial space

Interstitial tissue, seminiferous tubules in relationship to

Interstitium

Interventricular septum

Intervertebral disk

Intervertebral foramina

Intestinal parts, lengths of, for several species

Intestinal peristalsis, movement of contents and

Intestinal reflexes

peristalsis

segmentation

Intestinal smooth muscle, mammalian, membrane potentials in

Intestinal tract, of pig

Intestinal transport, of electrolytes and water

Intestines

large

small

Intracellular fluid

Intracellular hemolysis

Intracellular messengers, platelet activation and

Intralobular blood flow

Intralobular ducts, in cow udder

Intramembranous bone formation

Intrapleural pressure

inspiration and expiration relative to

Intrapleural space

in horse

Intrapulmonic pressure

inspiration and expiration relative to

Intravascular fluid

Intrinsic factor

Intromission, failures of

Involuntary nervous system

Involution of uterus

in bitch

in cow

in mare, ewe, and sow

Iodine

Ipsilateral side of body, cerebellum and

Iridocorneal angle

Iridocorneal angle region, of dog

Iris

Iron

absorption of

metabolism of

toxicity related to

Ischiocavernosus muscles

of bull

erection and

Ischium

ISF. See Interstitial fluid

Islets of Langerhans. See Pancreatic islets Isoelectric line, in electrocardiogram Isohydric principal, buffer systems and Isotonic solution

Isthmus

formation of hen’s egg and

of turkey

Jaundice

Jejunum

in pig

in turkey

Jersey cows

milk composition and

puberty and

Jersey steer (“Bill”), with large rumen fistula

JG cells

Joint capsule

Joint receptors

Joints

blood, lymph, and nerve supply of

in chicken

in horse

in ox

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

Juxtaglomerular cells

Juxtamedullary (long-looped) nephron component parts of

Juxtamedullary nephrons

K⁺, secretion of

Keratinized cells

Ketone bodies

Ketosis, in ruminants

Kidney function

aldosterone and

angiotensin II and

antidiuretic hormone and

erythropoietin and

parathyroid hormone and

prostaglandins and

renal clearance and

Kidney function values, in dog in normal state of hydration

Kidneys. See also Glomerular filtration

action of PTH on

avian

anatomic features of

renal portal system and

awakening from hibernation and

blood flow to, for dog in normal state of hydration

canine, ventral view of

in mare

in dog

extracellular hydration and role of

functions of

gross anatomy of

location of

in male chicken

mammalian, relationship of structure to concentrating capacity in mechanism of H⁺ secretion by

nephron function and function of

relationship of parathyroid hormone, calcium homeostasis and, in cow shape of, in different animals

Killer cells (cytotoxic T cells)

Kinesthesia, nerve supply to joint and

Knee jerk reflex

Knee joint

Krebs cycle

Krogh, August

Kupffer cells

Labia

of cow

Labial surface, of tooth

Labor

average duration of three stages of, in farm animals

stages of

Lacrimal apparatus

Lacrimal gland

Lacrimal production system, in dog’s eye

Lacrimal sac

Lactate

Lactation

composition of milk

functional anatomy of female mammary glands

hormonal maintenance of

corticosteroids

insulin

parathyroid hormone

prolactin

thyroid hormone

lactogenesis and

mammogenesis and

milk removal and other considerations related to

Lactic acid, values of, in blood from mature domestic animals Lactoferrin

Lactogenesis

defined

lactation and

Lactose

Lacunae

Lamellae

Laminae, stroma of mammary gland and

Lamina propria

Laplace’s law

Large colon

Large intestines

mechanical functions of

microbial digestion in

Large lymphocytes

Large phagocytic cells

Larynx

endotracheal tube in place relative to

of horse

Lateral canthus

Lateral direction

Lateral masses

in spinal cord of dog

of ventral horns

Lateral rectus muscle, in dog

Lateral semicircular canal

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Lateral suspensory ligaments, of udder

Lateral ventricles

Laying hen, five functional regions of oviduct in

Lecithin

Left atrium, of heart

Left bundle branch

Left cerebral hemisphere

Left coronary artery

Left kidney

Left ventricle, of heart

blood pressure and contraction of

pulmonary circulation and

Legume bloat

Lens

Lesser curvature, of stomach

Leukemia

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

basophils

classification and appearance of

diagnostic procedures related to

eosinophils

function

life span and numbers of

lymphoctes

monocytes

neutrophils

total per microliter of blood and percentage of each leukocyte Leukocytosis

Leukopenia

Levatorpalpebrae muscle, in dog

Leydig cells

LH. See Luteinizing hormone

Libido, testosterone and maintenance of

Ligaments

Light adaptation

Light-sensitive retina

Limbus

Lingual surface, of tooth

Lipid bilayers

Lipid formation

Lipids

Lipolysis

Lips, as prehensile organ

Liquor folliculi

Littoral cell

Liver

bile secretion by

functions of

hepatic portal system in

iron storage in

lobule of

microstructure of

portion of

in pig

ruminant, major metabolic pathways in

of turkey

Llamas

LMNs. See Lower motor neurons

Lobes

in avian kidney

in mammary glands

Lobulated kidney, in cow

Lobules

of liver

in mammary glands

Lockjaw

Locomotion, nerve supply to joint and

Long bones

bone deposition and resorption sites in, lengthening and remodeling of growth of

shaft of, three-dimensional view

structure of

Long pastern bone

Loops of Henle

ascending and descending

autoregulation of glomerular filtration and countercurrent exchanger system and countercurrent mechanism and countercurrent multiplier system and mammalian-type nephrons and recirculation and

Loose connective tissues

fibers and cells of

Lower motor neurons

Low-frequency sound waves

Lub-dub heart sounds

Lubrication, of synovial joints

Lubricin

Lumbar nerves

Lumbar vertebrae

Limbosacral plexus

Lumen

of seminiferous tubules

of uterine tubes

Lungs

airways to

avian, schematic representation of

in birds

in horse

lobes of

mast cells in

in mouse, electron micrograph of pulmonary circulation and

subdivisions of

surface area of inner aspects of ventilation in

Lung sounds

Lung volume, subdivisions of

Luteinization of the granulosa

Luteinizing hormone

avian male reproduction and

Graafian follicles and mammogenesis and

Luteolysis

Lymph

Lymphatic capillaries

special structure of

Lymphatic folds, avian

“Lymphatic” function, of cerebrospinal fluid

Lymphatic obstruction, causes of

Lymphatic system

Lymph drainage, schematic representation of

Lymph nodes

enlarged

internal structure of

Lymphoblasts

Lymphocytes

in birds

classification of

large and small

population of

Lymph vessels

joints and

liver lobule and

Lysis

Lysosomes

Lysozyme

Macrominerals

Macrophages

Macrosmatic sense of smell

Macula

Macula densa

Magnesium

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Magnum

formation of hen’s egg and

Male genitalia, muscles of

Male reproduction

accessory sex glands and semen

avian

blood and nerve supply related to

comparative anatomy of organs of various domestic animals descent of the testes

emission and ejaculation

erection

factors affecting testicular function

mounting and intromission

penis and prepuce

spermatogenesis

testes and associated structures

Malleus

Maltose

chemical structure of

Mammalian nephrons

in avian kidneys

within lobule

Mammalian skeletal muscle fiber, cross section of

Mammalian-type nephrons, avian, location of

Mammals

examples of neuron placement within central nervous system of urine formation and elimination in birds vs. in

Mammary artery

Mammary glands

in cats

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

in cows

blood supply and venous drainage

myoepithelial cells

suspensory apparatus

teat

in dogs

functional anatomy of

in goats

in horses

in pigs

pregnancy and enlargement of

regression of

in sheep

Mammary lymph vessels

Mammary veins

Mammogenesis

in cattle

in dog, cat, and sow

Mammotrope cells

Man, spermatozoa of,. See also Humans

Mandible

of cow

of horse

Mandibular salivary glands

in dog

Manganese

Mares

average duration of three stages of labor in

average rectal temperature of

corpus in

estrogen patterns in, before parturition

estrous cycle in

factors related to female reproduction in

genital tract in

involution of uterus in

location of reproductive organs relative to rectum and urinary bladder in mounting of

ovarian shape in

ovaries in

ovulation fossa in

parturition and hormonal levels in

photoperiod response in

vestibule of the vagina in

Margination

Marine mammals, milk of

Marrow (medullary) cavity

Mast cells

Mastication

Mastitis

Mating stance

Matrix, of mitochondria

Mean blood pressure

Measured potential

Measurement, interconverting units of

Meatus

Mechanoreceptors, pulmonary ventilation and

Meckel’s diverticulum

in turkey

Medial canthus

Medial direction

Medial rectus muscle, in dog

Medial suspensory ligament, in udder

Median plane

Mediastinal pleurae

in horse

Mediastinal pressure

Mediastinal space (mediastinum)

Medulla

of horse kidney

of kidney

of ovary

Medulla oblongata

Medullary cavity

in long bone

Medullary cone

in avian kidney

Medullary substance

Medullary washout

Meibomian glands

Meiosis

Meissner’s corpuscles

Meissner plexus

Melanin

Membrane nictitans

Membranous labyrinth

Memory, central nervous system and

Memory B cells

Memory T cells

Meninges

of brain

of spinal cord

Meningitis

Meniscus

Merkel endings

Merocrine glands

Mesangial cells

Mesangial matrix

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Mesenchymal epithelium

Mesenteric nodes, of cow

Mesentery

Meshwork, eyeball

Mesoderm

formation of

Mesoductus deferens

Mesometrium

Mesorchium

in male chicken

Mesosalpinx

Mesothelium

Mesovarium

Messenger RNA

Metabolic rate

Metabolic water

Metabolism, of central nervous system

Metacarpal bones

of horse

Metacarpus

Metaphase

Metaphysis

appearance presented by both longitudinal and cross sections of areas of Metatarsus

Metencephalon

Metestrus, defined

Methane, fermentation and production of

Methemoglobin

Micellar solutions

Microbial digestion, in large intestines

Microglia

Microhematocrit

Microscopic anatomy

Microtubular contraction, platelet release reaction and

Microtubules

in platelet

Microvilli

Micturition

descriptive terms related to

reflexes and

transfer of urine to urinary bladder and

Midbrain

Middle ear

inside view of

schematic of

Middle lobe, of avian kidney

Middle meatus

of horse

Milk, withdrawal of, from teat

Milk composition

carbohydrates

colostrum

gross

lipids

minerals

other substances in

proteins

species variation relative to

from various species

vitamins

Milk fever

Milking, milk removal at time of

Milking interval

Milk letdown

oxytocin and

Milk line

Milk removal

Milk well

Mineralocorticoids

Minerals

Mitochondria

Mitosis

description of

stages of

Mitotic division, from zygote to blastula

Mitotic spindle

Mitral valve

Mixed nerves

Mixing time

Modified symphysis

Molars

dental formulas and eruption times for

Moles

Molybdenum

Monestrous animals

Monkey, discoid placenta of

Monoblasts

Monocular area of vision

Monocytes

enzyme systems of life span and numbers of

Monomolecular layer of protein

Mononuclear phagocytic system Monosaccharides

chemical structure of

Moose

Morula

Motor (efferent) cranial nerves

Motor unit

Mounting, failures of

Mouse

blood pressure in

lungs in, electron micrograph of

Mouth

“Mouthing,” aging horses by

Moving mucous blanket

MPS. See Mononuclear phagocytic system mRNA. See Messenger RNA

Mucous membranes (mucosae)

Mucus

Mules, milk composition and

Mullerian ducts

Multipolar neurons

Multivesicular bodies

Murmurs

Muscle capillary, cross section through endothelial wall of

Muscle fibers

depolarization of

division of

Muscle(s)

ANS innervation to

arrangement of

cardiac

classification of

comparison of contraction among types of

of eyeball

function of

of male genitalia

skeletal

smooth

Muscle size, changes in

Muscle spindles

Muscle tissue

Muscle tonus (tone), postural reflexes and

Muscularis mucosae

Muscular stomach, of turkey

Musculocavernous penis, of stallion

Musk ox

MVB. See Multivesicular bodies

Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

Myelinated nerve fibers

Myelinated pain fibers

Myelin sheath

Myoblasts

Myocardium

Myoepithelial cells, around alveoli and milk ducts

Myofibrils

division of, into sarcomeres

Myofilaments

Myoglobin

Myoid cells, in testicles

Myometrium

Myosin

comparison of contraction among muscle types and filaments of

muscle contraction and

smooth muscle contraction and

Myotatic (stretch) spinal reflex

Na⁺

reabsorption of

aldosterone secretion and

transport of, from tubular lumen into tubular epithelial cell and its cotransport with glucose NaCL solution, suspending, changes in volume of canine erythrocytes attributable to tone of NAD. See Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Nasal cavities

of cow

of horse, division of

Nasal septum

of horse

Nasolacrimal ducts

Navicular bone

Navicular disease

Neck of the bladder

Neopulmonic parabronchi

Nephron ducts

Nephron(s)

approximate number of, in each kidney for domestic animals and humans

components of

juxtaglomerular apparatus

loop of Henle

nephron tubules and ducts

functional

with blood supply,

urine formation and

mammalian, types of

summary of kidney blood flow and tubular fluid flow in

types of

Nephron tubules

Nerve fiber

Nerve impulses, mechanisms of transmission to

Nerve

Nerve supply

in joints

in synovial joint

Nerve tunic

Nervous system. See also Autonomic nervous system; Central nervous system; Peripheral nervous system

meninges and cerebrospinal fluid

nerve impulse and its transmission organization of reflexes and

structure of

Nervous tissue

Net diffusion

Neural control Neural retina Neurilemma Neurocranium (brain case) Neurocrine transmission Neuroglia

N eurohypophysis Neuromuscular junction Neuron placement, schemes of Neurons

polarity of synapses and

Neurotransmitters

central peripheral Neutral fats Neutralization Neutrophilic band Neutrophilic metamyelocyte Neutrophilic myelocyte Neutrophilic segmented Neutrophils

lifespan of

mechanism of movement for

NH₃, secretion of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Night vision, vitamin A and

Nitrate poisoning, methemoglobin and Nitrogen, in plasma

Nitrogenous component, in urine Nociceptors

Nocturnal animals

body temperature and

corneas of

Nodes of Ranvier

Nonapeptides

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Nonmyelinated nerve fibers

Nonperfused alveoli

Nonprotein nitrogen

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Nonruminants

Noradrenaline

structural formula for

Norepinephrine

Nostrils (nares)

of several domestic animals

Nuclear membrane (nuclear envelope)

Nuclear pores

Nuclear sap (nucleoplasm)

Nuclei and fiber tracts, of the brain

Nucleolus

Nucleotides

Nucleus

Nucleus pulposus

Nutrition, estrous cycle and. See also Diet; Foods

Obturator foramen

Obturator nerves

Ocular conjunctiva

Ocular fundus

Oculomotor nerve (III)

in dog

Odors

animal, apocrine secretions and

perception of

Off-flavors, in milk

Olfaction

Olfactory area, of brain

Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory nerve (I)

in dog

Olfactory receptor

Olfactory region

Oligodendrocytes

Oligopeptides

Omasal canal

Omasum

Omentum

Omnivorous animals

Oncotic pressure

One atmosphere, total pressure of

One cycle interval, estrous cycle

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

One-stage prothrombin time

Oocytes

diploid (2n) of chromosomes and

formation of

haploid (n) of chromosomes and pregnancy and transport of

Oogenesis

Open canalicular system, platelet release reaction and

Opsonization

Opsonized forms, of eosinophils

Optic disc

Optic nerve (II)

in dog

Oral cavity

in horse

pharynx

teeth

tongue

Ordinary connective tissues

Organelles

centrioles

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosomes

mitochondria

nucleus

Organic molecules, secretion of

Organ of Corti

Organs

Orientation in space

Origin, of skeletal muscle

Oscillometer

Os coxae

Osmoconcentration

Osmolality, of several solutions as determined by vapor pressure lowering osmometry

Osmolar concentrations

Osmole (osmol)

pathways for interconversion of grams, equivalents and

Osmometer

Osmoreceptors

Osmoregulation

antidiuretic hormone and

Osmosis

hypothetical example of tone of solutions on: before and during

Osmotic diuresis

Osmotic fragility test

Osmotic pressure

comparison of, for several solutions

effective

Os penis, in dog

Osseous labyrinth

Ossification

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

bone remodeling and

Osteocytes

Osteolysis

Osteon (haversian system)

Osteoprogenitor cells

Otoconia

Otolithic membrane

Otoliths

in otolithic membrane

Outer medullary collecting duct

Oval window

Ovarian artery

relationship of a ruminant and its branches

Ovarian cycle events, summary of

Ovarian follicle activity

corpus luteum formation and regression

follicular growth

ovulation

Ovarian follicles

oogenesis

regression of

Ovarian hormones, mammogenesis and

Ovaries

bovine

in cow

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

left, functional development in birds

sagittal section of

sperm transport toward

Oviducts

in avian female

in laying hen, five functional regions of left, functional development in birds

Oviposition

Ovulation

follicular growth and

sexual receptivity and

Ovulation fossa

Ovulatory cycle, in domestic hen

lengths of intestinal parts in

pelvis of

skeleton of

vertebral formulas of

Oxidative phosphoryolation

Oxygen

consumption of, thyroid hormone and

diffusion of

direction for

enrichment of, respiratory frequency and humoral control and influences of in plasma

respiration and

Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve Oxygen transport

oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve transport scheme

Oxytocin

milk letdown and

release and function of

Pacemakers

Pacinian corpuscles

Packed cell volume

Pain

referred

sense of

visceral

Pain receptors, pulmonary ventilation and

Pain reflex, joint disease and

Paleopulmonic parabronchi

Palmar direction

Palpebral conjunctiva

Pampiniform plexus

in stallion

Pancreas

canine, dorsal view of

left lobe of

location and appearance of

secretions of

in turkey

Pancreas hormones

glucagon

insulin

pancreatic polypeptide

somatostatin

Pancreatic amylase

Pancreatic duct

Pancreatic gland

functions of

Pancreatic islets

Pancreatic lipase

Pancreatic polypeptide

Panting

heat load dissipation and

patterns of

Papillae

on dog’s tongue, taste buds associated with

Papillary duct (teat canal)

Papillary muscles

Parabronchi, in birds

Paracrine transmission

Parafollicular hormones

Parallel circuit

Paralumbar fossa

Parasympathetic division, of autonomic nervous system

Parasympathetic efferent distribution

Parasympathetic nerves, micturition and

Parasympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic stimulation

Parathyroid glands

Parathyroid hormone

calcium ion regulation and

homeostasis in cow and

kidneys and

lactation and

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol formation

Paraventricular nuclei

Parenchyma

of mammary glands

Parietal layer, of vaginal tunic

Parietal pericardium

Parietal peritoneum

Parietal pleura

Parietal vaginal tunic

Parotid salivary glands

in dog

Partial pressure

Particles in a solution, osmotic pressure and

Parturient paresis

Parturition

approaching, signs of

cervix and

changes in plasma concentration of hormones in cow in advance of estrogen patterns in mare, cow, sow, and ewe before

events of

hormone changes related to

lactation begins after

oxytocin and

stages of

Pastern

Patella

PCV. See Packed cell volume

Pectoral girdle (shoulder)

Pelvic bones, of cow

Pelvic cavity

Pelvic floor, of bull

Pelvic girdle (pelvis)

Pelvic limbs

anatomy of bones, comparison of

bones of thoracic limbs vs. bones of

Pelvic urethra, of bull

Pelvis

in dog

fractures to, standing ability and

of ox, lateral and dorsal views of

Penis

of avian male

of bull

some associated muscles

canine coitus and

fibroelastic, of bull

penetration of, into vagina

Pepsin

Pepsinogen

Peptide bond

Peptide class

Peptide hormones

Pericardial coelom

Pericardial sac

in horse

Pericardium

Pericytes

Perilymph

Perimysium

Periosteum

Peripheral components, of autonomic nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves

spinal nerves

Peripheral neurotransmitters

Peristalsis

large intestine and

Peristaltic reflex, swallowing food bolus and

Peritoneum

Peritonitis

Peritubular capillaries

structures separating tubular fluid in tubular lumen from plasma in

Perivascular space

Permanent teeth

Permolars, dental formulas and eruption times for

Persistent corpus luteum

Persistent urachus

Petrous temporal bone

blood

relationship of, to H⁺ concentration

Phagocytized particles, alveolar clearance and

Phagocytosis

Phalangeal bones, of horse

Phalanges

Phallic body, avian

Pharynx

of cow

endotracheal tube in place relative to

swallowing and

Phasic receptor organ

Pheromones

Phimosis

Phonocardiogram

simultaneous recording of respiration, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and

Phosphate

Phosphate buffers, in saliva

Phosphate buffer system

formula representation for

relative merits of

Phospholipids

Phosphorus

in milk

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Photoperiod

effects of, on ovarian activity in cat, horse, sheep, and goat

intraspecies differences and

sperm production and

testicular and ovarian function related to

Photopsin

Photoreceptors

Phrenico-abdominal artery and vein, in canine kidneys

pH symbol

Physiologic contracture

Physiologic dead space

Physiology

Pia mater

Pica

Pig embryo, milk line shown on

Pigeons, crimson red pectoralis muscles of

Pigs

amylase in saliva of, amount of

approximate number of nephrons in each kidney for

average rectal temperature of

baby, anemia in

dental formulas and eruption times for permanent teeth in

diffuse placenta of

extremes of heat and responses of

fundi of

heart rates in

hernias in

intestinal tract of, schematic representation of

life span of erythrocytes in

liver in, relative to other organs

mammary glands of

nostrils of

dilatation in

number of sperm intended for artificial insemination in

percentage of long-looped nephrons in

red blood cell number count in

respiratory frequency for, under different conditions

rooting by

schematic representation of outer part of skin from

stomach in, inner regions of

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte values of some constituents of blood from

variability of taste in

Piloerection

Pin bones

Pineal gland (or pineal body)

Pinna

in dog

Pinocytotic vesicles

Pituitary gland

anterior pituitary and its hormones

posterior pituitary and its hormones

Pituitary hormones, mammogenesis and

Placenta

diffuse type of

fetus of horse within

Placental lactogen

Placentation

Placentome

Plantar direction

Plasma

color of

defined

other constituents in

proteins in

colloidal osmotic pressure and

origin of

Plasma amino acids, reversible equilibrium among plasma proteins, tissue proteins and

Plasma cells

Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure, bulk flow and

Plasma membrane

Plasma protein depletion, causes of

Plasma proteins, reversible equilibrium among tissue proteins, plasma amino acids and

Plasma volume

Plasmin

Plasminogen

Plasticity

Platelet adhesion

Platelet plug, stabilized

Platelets

activation of

platelet aggregation

release reaction

cross-section of

internal details of

Pleasant taste response

Pleura

Pleural cavity

Pleural sac

Pleuritis

abdominal breathing and

pain with

PMSG. See Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin

Pneumatic bone, in birds

Pneumonia

Pneumotaxic center, in respiratory center Pneumothorax

description of

ventral view

PNS. See Peripheral nervous system

Poikilotherm (cold-blooded) animals

Polar body, oogenesis and

Polarity of a neuron

Polarized membrane

Polycythemia

Polycythemia vera

Polydipsia

Polyestrous animals

Polynucleotide chains

Polypeptide chain

Polypeptides

Polypnea

Polyribosomes

Polysaccharides

Polyspermy

Polyuria

Pons

Portal systems

Portal vein

Position, inner ear and sense of

Postccrop esophagus, of turkey

Posterior chamber

in dog

of eyeball

Posterior endothelium

Posterior limiting lamina

Posterior lobe

Posterior pituitary

ADH release and

antidiuretic hormone and extracellular hydration and role of oxytocin and

Posterior presentation

Posterior sclera

Posterior semicircular canal

Postganglionic neuron

Postmortem carcass examination, inspection for lymph node enlargement and

Postpartum period, sexual receptivity and

Postsynaptic neuron

Postural reflexes

Posture, nerve supply to joint and

Potassium

in milk

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Potential

Poultry production, temperature, taste and

Precapillary sphincter

Precipitation

Precorneal film

Precrop avian esophagus

Precrop esophagus, of turkey

Precursor of body cavities

Predatory animals, field of vision in

Preference test

Preganglionic neuron, for sympathetic nerve

Pregnancy

defined

diagnosis of

fertilization and

goblet cell secretion and

hormones and

implantation and placentation

mammary gland growth during

prolactional development during

respiratory frequency and

transport of oocyte and spermatozoa and

uterine blood supply during

Pregnancy toxemia

Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin

Pregnant uterus

Pregnenolone

Prehension

Premolars

of horse

Preovulatory surge

Prepuce

of bull

double-folded, in stallion

Prepuptial membrane and cavity, in bull

Preputial diverticulum, in boar

Pressure, sense of

Pressure receptors, pulmonary ventilation and

Pressure waves, transmission of, in cochlea

Presynaptic neuron

Presynaptic terminal bulb

Prevertebral ganglia

Primary follicle

Primordial follicles

Procoagulants

Proctodeum, avian

Proenzymes

Proestrus

defined

Progesterone

fertilization and

functions of

mammary gland response to

parturition and decrease in

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition pregnancy and

sexual receptivity and

Progestins

Projection fibers

Prolactin

broodiness and

lactogenesis and

maintenance of lactation and

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition

Prolapsed intervertebral disk

Proliferation

Promyelocyte

Prone position

Pronuclei

Proper foods

Prophase

Propionate

chemical structure of

Propionic acids

Proprioceptive impulses

Proprioceptors

Prosencephalon (forebrain)

Prostacyclin (PGI₂)

Prostaglandins

corpus luteum formation and regression

female reproduction and

functions of

kidney function and

lactogenesis and

parturition and

plasma concentration of, in cows near parturition in seminal plasma

synthesis of, major pathways for

Prostate gland

in dog

Protein buffer systems

Protein channels

Protein components, of blood coagulation pathway

Protein molecules

Proteins

androgen-binding

as buffers

digestion and absorption of

gluconeogenesis and

interstitial fluid and

microorganisms of rumen and hydrolysis of

in milk

in plasma

quality of

synthesis of

reduced, plasma protein depletion and

RNA and

Proteoglycans

Prothrombin

conversion of, to thrombin

Prothrombinase complex

Protozoan microorganisms

Proventriculus

Proximal direction

Proximal duodenum, of turkey

Proximal tubule

Pseudopods

Pseudopregnancy

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, with goblet cells

Pseudounipolar neurons

PSNS. See Parasympathetic nervous system

Psychic component, saliva and

PTH. See Parathyroid hormone

Puberty

bitch and onset of

defined

mammogenesis and

mare and onset of

testicular function and

Pubis

Pudendal nerve

Pulmonary alveoli

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary arteriole

Pulmonary circulation, lungs and

Pulmonary interstitial edema

Pulmonary semilunar valves

Pulmonary system

mammalian circulation and

Pulmonary trunk

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary ventilation

dead space ventilation

factors related to

mediastinal pressure

pneumothorax

pressures that accomplish ventilation

regulation of

Pulmonary venule

Pulmonary volumes and capacities

Pulp cavity

Pulse pressure

Pupil

Purine bases

Purkinje fibers

Purring

Pus

PV. See Plasma volume

P wave, in electrocardiogram

Pyloric antrum

canine, parts of

Pyloric gland regions

Pyloric sphincter

Pylorus, in canine stomach

Pyrimidine bases

QRS wave, in electrocardiogram

Quadrupeds, directional terms and planes applied to

Queens

estrous cycle in

photoperiod response in

Rabbits

average rectal temperature of

blood pressure of

comparison of intestinal parts in

coprophagy practiced by

Radially arranged fibers

Radiation, heat loss and

Radiography, pregnancy diagnosis with

Ramp-shaped retina

Rams

anatomy of male reproductive organs in sigmoid flexure of penis in spermatozoa of

urethral process in

Rarsus

Rats

blood pressure in

spermatozoa of

RBCs. See Red blood cells

RBF. See Renal blood flow

Reabsorption

Reaction threshold, to pain

Receptor hair cells

Receptors

Recirculation

Recoil tendency

Rectal temperatures

accuracy of

average, of various species

parturition and changes in

Rectum

avian

in mare

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

in dog

in pig

Red blood cells

fate of

hemoglobin and color of life span of numbers of shape of size of spleen as important reservoir of

Redeglutition

Red (or dark) skeletal muscle cells

Red pulp, of spleen

Referred pain

Reflex arc

Reflex centers

Reflexes

autonomic

for blood pressure control within cardiovascular system defined

emesis and

gastric emptying and

intestinal

micturition

postural, and reactions somatic and visceral spinal swallowing and sequence of thermoreceptors and

Reflex ovulators

Reflex responses, joint disease and

Refractory period

Regression, of follicles

Regurgitation

tracings showing mechanism of, in rumination

Rehydration

Reindeer

Relative medullary thickness, derivation of

Relative polycythemia

Relaxation, of muscle fibers

Relaxin

mammogenesis and

Remastication

Remodeling of bone

for long bones osteoclastic activity preceding

Renal arteries

in horse kidney

Renal blood flow

for dog in normal state of hydration

Renal clearance

creatinine clearance and

Renal disease, plasma protein depletion and

Renal hilus

of horse kidney

Renal pelvis

of horse kidney

Renal plasma flow

for dog in normal state of hydration

renal clearance and

Renal portal system

avian, veins associated with

in avian kidney

Renal portal valve, in avian kidney

Renal threshold

Renal veins

in horse kidney

Renin

Repolarization

of heart muscle, voltage changes and

recording of transmembrane potential during

Reproduction. See Female reproduction; Male reproduction

Reptiles, uric acid in

Reptilian nephrons

avian, location of

in avian kidneys

within lobule

Resalivation

Reserve cartilage

Residual volume

Respiration

defined

simultaneous recording of blood pressure, electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and

Respirators, pneumothorax and use of

Respiratory apparatus

airway to the lungs

lungs and pleura

pulmonary alveoli

Respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory center (brain stem)

in birds

chemosensitive area of

components of

four regions of

Respiratory clearance

alveolar clearance

importance of

physical forces of deposition

upper respiratory tract clearance

Respiratory cycles

Respiratory frequency

pneumogram showing effect of oxygen enrichment in for several animal species under different conditions Respiratory gases, diffusion of Respiratory motor pathways

Respiratory pressures

arterial and venous blood partial pressure

atmospheric air vs. alveolar air

partial pressure

Respiratory rate index, obtaining

Respiratory rates, farrowing and

Respiratory surface

Respiratory system

acid-base balance maintenance and role of nonrespiratory functions of

panting

pathophysiology terminology

purring

Resting heart rates, animal’s size and

Resting membrane potential

establishment of

Rete testis

Rete testis fluid

Reticlum (honeycomb)

Reticular connective tissue fibers

Reticular groove Reticulocytes

Reticulo-omasal orifice

Reticulum

in cow, heart’s location relative to

function of

Retina

ramp-shaped

tapetum’s relationship to

Retinal pigment epithelium

Retractor bulbi muscle, in dog

Retractor penis, in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion

Retractor penis muscles, in bull

Retroperitoneal structures

Reverberating circuit

Rhinencephalon (olfactory brain)

Rhodopsin

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Ribosomal RNA

Ribosomes

Ribs

Right bundle branch

Right cerebral hemisphere

Right coronary artery

Righting reflex

Right kidney

Right ventricle

Rigor contracture

Rigor mortis

RNA

Rod protein

Rods

black-and-white vision

outer segments of

stimulation of

Rooster

phallus of

ventral view of organs and associated structures of dorsal abdominal cavity of

Rooting, head movements of

Roots (crura), of penis

Rosette of Furstenberg

Rostral direction

Roughages

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Round window

RPF. See Renal plasma flow

rRNA. See Ribosomal RNA

Rubriblast

Rumen fistula

Rumen (paunch)

chemistry and microbiology of

in cow

uterine position in

function of

pillars of

ventral and dorsal sacs of

Ruminant digestion

characteristics of

gas production and eructation

rumination

Ruminant forestomachs

Ruminantia

Ruminant liver, major metabolic pathways in

Ruminant metabolism

energy production

gluconeogenesis

Ruminants

coiled colon for

cotyledonary placenta of

ketosis and bloat in

relationship of ovarian artery and its branches in salivary secretion in

stomach in

compartments and functions of

inner regions of

structure and function of

vomiting in

Rumination

tracings showing mechanism of regurgitation in Ruminoreticular fold

Ruptured follicle

Saccular maculae, general structure of

Saccule

Sacculus

Sacral nerves

Sacral spinal cord reflex center, micturition and

Sacral (S) vertebrae

Sagittal plane

Saliva

Salivary glands

in dogs, location of

Salivation, panting in cattle and increase in

Saltatory conduction

Salts, inorganic

Salty taste

Sarcolemma

Sarcomeres

contraction of, actin and myosin myofilaments associated with division of myofibrils into

Sarcoplasmic reticulum, in extracellular spaces between myofibrils Sarcotubular system

Sarcotubules, of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Satellite cells

Scala media

Scala tympani

Scala vestibuli

Scapula

of horse

Scapulohumeral joint

Scents

Schwann cells

nucleus of

Sclera

posterior

Scleral venous plexus

Scotopsin

Scrotal hernias

Scrotum

Seasonal breeding, photoperiod and

Sebaceous glands

Sebum

Secondary hemostatic plug

Secondary sexual characteristics

Second heart sound

Secretin

Segmentation

Segmented cells

Segmented neutrophil

Selectively permeable membranes

Selenium

Sella turcica

Semen

Semicircular duct

structure of ampullary crista in

Semilunar valves

Seminal plasma

in avian male

Seminal vesicle

of bull

Seminal vesicles

Seminiferous tubule

periphery of

spermatogenic wave and

Seminiferous tubules

relationship of, to rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis, and ductus deferens relationship of to each other and to interstitial tissue

Seminiferous tubules, in avian male

Semipermeable membrane

Sensations

Sensible water losses

Sensory (afferent) cranial nerves

Sensory afferent (inflowing) fibers

Sensory organs

hearing and equilibrium

smell

taste

vision

Sensory pain pathway

Sensory receptors

classification of

responses of

Septa

Septum, in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion

Serosa

Serotonin, in basophil granules

Serous membranes

invagination of

Serous secretion

Sertoli cells

Serum

Sesamoid bones

“Sex center”

Sex glands, accessory

Sexual drive, testosterone and maintenance of

Sexual receptivity

Sexual stimulation

Sheath of Schwann

Sheep. See also Ewes

adapting to lack of water by

apocrine sweat glands in

average rectal temperature in

blood pressure in

corpus in

critical temperature in

dental formulas and eruption times for permanent teeth in

ejaculation of sperm in

erythrocyte size in

fundi of

heart rates in

heat loss from sweating in

lengths of intestinal parts in

life span of erythrocytes in

mammary glands of

milk composition and

normal blood values for

nostrils of

number of sperm intended for artificial insemination in

ovarian activity in

pancreatic duct in

photoperiod response in

red blood cell number count in

respiratory frequency for, under different conditions right kidney, ventral view in

time spent in rumination by

tongue as prehensile organ in

total leukocytes per microliter of blood in and percentage of each leukocyte urine volumes and specific gravities for

values of some constituents of blood from

vertebral formulas of

Shell gland

formation of hen’s egg and

Shell of egg

Shivering

Shorthorn cows, milk composition and

Short pastern bone

Shoulder

Shoulder slip

Sickle cell anemia

Sight

Sigmoid flexure of penis

of bull

erection and

of penis

Silicosis

Simple circuits

Simple columnar epithelium

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple diffusion

Simple endothelial cells

Simple epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Simple stomach

Sinoatrial (S-A) node

Sinusoids

hepatic portal system

Skeletal muscle contraction

actin and myosin myofilaments associated with contraction of sarcomere contraction vs. contracture

cycle of contraction followed by relaxation

depolarization of muscle fibers

process of

strength of

tetanus

treppe

summary of changes occurring in heads of myosin cross bridges in Skeletal muscle fiber

longitudinal section of

mammalian, cross section of

Skeletal muscles. See also Skeletal muscle contraction

changes in size of

frequency of contraction in

harnessing of

hypertrophy in

longitudinal section of

microstructure of

red and white fibers in

staircase phenomenon of

Skeleton. See also Bone(s)

appendicular

axial

of chicken

general features of

of horse

of ox

Skin gland

Skull

Slow waves, mammalian intestinal smooth muscle and

Small colon

Small intestines

avian

in cow

in dog, horse, and cattle

lining of, three-dimensional representation of mechanical functions of

segmentation contractions of

Small lymphocytes

Smell

cells associated with, in dog

odor perception

olfactory region structure

pheromones

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth muscle

cells of, in their longitudinal and cross-sectional planes changes in size of

in ciliary body

contraction of

gastrointestinal motility and

hypertrophy in

of urinary bladder

Smooth muscle sphincter

Smoothness of the endothelium

Sneezing

Sniffing

Sodium

in milk

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Soft palate

of cow

endotracheal tube in place relative to

Solar heat gain, sheep and

Solutes, countercurrent exchange in vasa recta and passive diffusion of Solutions

diffusion

osmosis and osmotic pressure

physiochemical properties of

tone of

Somatic nerves

Somatic reflexes

Somatic senses

Somatomedins

Somatostatin

Somatotrope cells

Somatotropin (somatotropic hormone)

Somesthetic area

Sound

production of

range of frequencies across species

Sound reception, summary of

Sound waves

ossicles and amplification of

pathway of, into ear

transmission patterns of

Sour taste

Sows

average duration of three stages of labor in

corpus in

estrous cycle in

factors related to female reproduction in

genital tract in

involution of uterus in

location of reproductive organs relative to rectum and urinary bladder in mammogenesis in

ovaries in

Space of Disse

Special senses

Specific gravity, of urine

Sperm

production of

Spermatic cord

cross section of, in mammals

in stallion

Spermatids

Spermatocytes

Spermatogenesis

epididymal transport

hormonal control and

spermatogenic wave

stages of, in mammals

temperature requirements and

testosterone and

Spermatogenic wave

12-day cycle in

Spermatogonium

Spermatozoa

of farm animals, compared with other vertebrates

motility of

pregnancy and transport of

reservoirs of

Sperm-host glands, of chicken

Sperm storage

Sphincter of Oddi

Sphincters

Sphingomyelin

Sphygmomanometer

Spicules

Spike potentials

mammalian intestinal smooth muscle and

Spinal cord

cauda extremity of, showing cauda equina

central canal of

of dog, transverse section of

meninges of

spinal nerves and location relative to

spinal reflex and

Spinal injuries, urinary incontinence and

Spinal nerves

location of, relative to branches, roots, spinal cord, and vertebra schematic of association with vertebrae in dog

in spinal cord of dog

Spinal reflex

Spinous process

Spiral ganglion

Spleen

in dog, location of

functions of

in pig

schematic representation of

Splint bones

Splints (lameness condition)

Spongy bone

Squamous endothelial cells

Squamous epithelium

Staircase phenomenon, skeletal muscle and,

Stallions

anatomy of male reproductive organs in

average rectal temperature in

double-folded prepuce in

erectile tissue in

musculocavernous penis of

testes in, lateral view with emphasis on pampiniform plexus Standing reflex

Stapedius muscle

Stapes

pressure waves and

Starches

Starling’s law of the heart

Starvation

Stem cells, in avian male

Stercobilin

Stercobilinogen

Sternum

Steroid hormones

biosynthesis of, from cholesterol

Steroids

Stethoscope, listening for lung sounds with STH. See Somatropin (somatotropic hormone) Stifle (knee) joint

Stirrup

Stomach. See also Ruminant stomach

canine

dorsal view of

parts of

in cattle, left and right views of

in dog, horse, and cattle

functions of

inner regions of, in horse, pig, and ruminant in nonruminants

pregastric functions and

simple

Stranguria

Stratified epithelium

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous keratinized tissue

Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium

Stratified squamous nonkeratinizing epithelium Streak canal

Stretch receptors, pulmonary ventilation and

Stretch reflex

Striated muscle, contraction of

Stroma

of mammary gland

Strychnine poisoning, third eyelid and

S-T segment depression, hypoxia and

Subarachnoid space

Subcutaneous abdominal milk vein, in cow

Subepithelial basement membrane

Sublingual salivary glands

in dog

Submucosa

Submucosal gland

Substantia propria

Subthalamus

Sucrose

chemical structure of

Sulfur

Superficial (exterior) inguinal ring

Superficial surface

Superior canaliculus

Superior hypophyseal artery

Supine position

Supraoptic nuclei

Surface tension

Surfactant

Surgery, external heat sources used during Suspensory apparatus, for udder Sustentacular cells

Swallowing

breathing inhibited during

displacement of structures associated with stages of

Sweat glands, types of

Sweating

Sweeny

Sweet clover poisoning

Sweet taste

Swine

blood pressure in

ejaculation of sperm in

heat loss from sweating in

milk composition and urine volumes and specific gravities for

Sympathetic efferent distribution

Sympathetic nervous system

Sympathetic stimulation

Sympathetic trunk

Synapses

characteristics of

neurons and

Synaptic gap

Syncytium

Synovial fluid

Synovial joints

blood and nerve supply of

lubrication of

Synovial membrane

Synoviocytes

Syrinx

Systemic circulation canial aspects of

Systole

Systolic blood pressure

Tachypnea

Tail

of epididymis

in stallion

Tapetum

relationship of, to retina

Tarsus

Taste

depraved appetite and

sensations with

taste reception

temperature and

Taste buds

association of, with papillae on dog’s tongue

Taste hairs

Taste pit

Taste pore

TBG. See Thyroxine-binding globulin

TBW. See Total body water

T cells

life span of

types of

TCF. See Transcellular fluid

Tear film

Tears, formation of

Teat canal

smooth muscle around

Teats

anatomy of

milk withdrawn from

sagittal section through

smooth muscle encircling teat canal in

Tectorial membrane

Teeth

permanent, dental formulas and eruption times for Telencephalon

Telodendritic zone

Telophase

Temperature. See also Body temperature

critical

spermatogenesis and

taste and

Temporal bone

Tenase complex

Tendon

Tensor tympani muscle

Terminal branches

Terminal bronchioles

Terminal bulb, of presynaptic neuron

Terminal bulbs

Terminal cisternae

Territoriality, pheromones and

Testes

associated structures and ductus deferens epididymis

cryptorchid

descended adult

descent of

testosterone and

in male bird

in male chicken

scrotum

seminiferous tubules of

skin and “dartos” of

in stallion, with emphasis on pampiniform Testicles

blood supply to

of bull

detailed structure of

Testicular arteries

in stallions

Testicular artery, vein, nerve, and lymphatics

Testicular artery and vein

Testicular fluid

Testicular function, factors affecting

Testicular veins

in stallions

Testosterone

functions of

influence of, on spermatogenesis

Tetanus

Tetany

TF. See Tissue factor

T₄ (thyroxine)

biochemistry of

release and transport of structural formulas of

Thalamus

Theca externa cells

Theca interna cells

Thecal capillaries

Thermogenesis

Thermosensitive cells, in rostral hypothalamus Thick ascending limb, loop of Henle Thin ascending limb, loop of Henle Thin descending limb, loop of Henle Thiocyanate

Third eyelid

animals with

in dog

Third heart sounds

Third ventricle

Thirst

defined

relief of

stimulus of

Thirst center, hyperosmolality and

Thirst mechanism

Thoracic aorta

Thoracic cavity

Thoracic girdle

Thoracic limbs

anatomy of bones, comparison of bones of pelvic limbs vs. bones of of horse, metacarpal and phalangeal bones of Thoracic nerves

Thoracic (T) vertebrae

Thoracic viscera

Thoracic volume, in horse

Thoracolumbar origin, of nerves

Thorax

equine, schematic transverse plane of

healthy canine, radiographs of

during inspiration

laboratory model of

Three semicircular canals

Three semicircular ducts

Threshold

Thrombin

formation of

pathways to

Thrombocytes

Thrombomodulin

Thromboplastin

Thrombosthenin

Thromboxane A2

Thrombus, major stages in formation of

Thryoid hormone, cold temperatures and

Thymine, DNA replication and

Thyroglobulin

Thyroid deficiency, antithyroid compounds and

Thyroid gland

bovine

canine

Thyroid hormones

functions of

maintenance of lactation and

mammogenesis and

secretions regulated by

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Thyrotrope cells

Thyrotropin-releasing hormones

Thyroxine-binding globulin

Tidal volume

panting frequency and

Tie

Tissue factor

Tissue factor pathway

Tissue factor pathway (extrinsic system)

Tissue factor VIIa complex

Tissue plasminogen activator

Tissue proteins, reversible equilibrium among plasma proteins, plasma amino acids and

Tissues

connective

epithelial

muscle

nervous

Tissue-type plasminogen activator

T lymphocytes, foreign cell destruction and

Tone

circulatory adjustments, body heat and

of solutions

effect of, on erythrocytes

hypothetical example of

Tongue

bovine, dorsal surface of

of cow

of dog, frenulum of

of horse

as prehensile organ

root of

taste buds on

Tonic receptor organ

Tonsils

Torr

Total body water, distribution of, among fluid compartments

Total lung capacity

Touch, sense of

t-PA. See Tissue plasminogen activator

Trabeculae (spicules)

Trace minerals

Trachea

in cow

cross section of

endotracheal tube in place relative to

in horse

Tracheal rings

in birds

in horse

Tract

Transcellular fluid

Transcription

Transferrin

Transfer RNA

Transitional epithelium

Translation

Transmembrane potential

recording of, during depolarization and repolarization

Transmission of nerve impulses

action potential

depolarization, repolarization, and the nerve impulse

resting membrane potential

saltatory conduction

transmission velocity

Transmission velocity

Transparency, of cornea

Transport of carbon dioxide

Transport of oxygen

Transverse colon

in dog

in pig

Transverse foramen

Transverse plane

equine thorax, schematic of

Transverse process

Traumatic pericarditis

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis (hardware disease), white blood cell count in cows and

Treppe

TRH. See Thyrotropin-releasing hormones

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

Tricuspid valve

Trigeminal nerve (V)

in dog

Triglycerides

Tripe

tRNA. See Transfer RNA

Trochlear nerve

in dog

Trochlear nerve (IV)

Trophoblast

Tropomyosin

Troponin

True capillaries

True symphysis

Trypsin

Trypsinogen

TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone

TSH secretion

T₃ (triiodothyronine)

biochemistry of

release and transport of

structural formulas of

T tubules

Tuber coxae

Tuber ischiadicum

Tubular epithelial cells, secretion of H⁺ associated with secretion of ammonia by Tubular epithelium

Tubular fluid

countercurrent multiplier system and

mechanism for renal secretion of H⁺ associated with bicarbonate buffer system in

mechanism for renal secretion of H⁺ associated with phosphate buffer system in Tubular genital tract

uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

Tubular lumen

Tubular reabsorption and secretion

reabsorption of Na⁺, Cl^-, glucose, and amino acids

reabsorption of water and urea

secretion of H⁺, K⁺, NH3, and organic molecules

transport maximum

Tubular secretion

Tubular transport maximum (T_m)

Tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism

Tunica albuginea

in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion

Tunica dartos

Tunics, of eyeball

Turkeys

blood pressure in

broodiness in

digestive tract of

hydrated, urine flow for

phallus of

Tusks

T wave, in electrocardiogram

TXA₂. See Thromboxane A₂

Tylopoda

Tympanic membrane

in dog

Tympanism

Type I alveolar cells

Tyrosine

coupling of structural formula for

Udder

sagittal section of, through left half

suspensory apparatus and

venous drainage of

UMNs. See Upper motor neurons

Units of measurement, interconversion of

Unmyelinated pain fibers

Unopette microcollection system

Unpleasant taste response

Upper air passages, respiratory reflexes and

Upper motor neurons

Upper respiratory tract clearance

Urachus

Urea

countercurrent mechanism and role of

countercurrent multiplication in recirculation of

reabsorption of

Urea excreting group of animals

Urea nitrogen, values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Ureter

avian

in mare

in horse

in male chicken

in mare, cow, sow, and bitch

Ureteral urine, avian, modification of

Ureterovesicular junction

Ureterovesicular valve

Urethra

in mare

in fibroelastic penis of bull and musculocavernous penis of stallion location of, on penis

Urethralis

Urethral muscle, around pelvic urethra, in bull

Urethral opening

in cow

in mare, cow, sow, and bitch

Urethral process, in ram

Uric acid

formation and excretion of, avian urinary system and in reptiles and birds

values of, in blood from mature domestic animals

Urinalysis

Urinary bladder

bovine

in mare

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

gross anatomy of

urine transport to

Urinary continence

Urinary system. See also Kidneys; Urinary bladder; Urine acid-base balance and

aldosterone and

avian

countercurrent mechanism and

in dog

ECF volume regulation of

erythropoietin and

glomerular filtration and

kidneys and urinary bladder anatomy

mammalian urine, characteristics of micturition

nephrons

parathyroid hormone and

prostaglandins and

renal clearance and

tubular reabsorption and secretion

urine concentration and

urine formation and

Urinary urobilinogen

Urine

amount and specific gravity of

avian

characteristics and flow of

concentration of

color of

composition of

consistency of

of horse

mammalian, characteristics of

nitrogenous component of

odor of

transport of, to urinary bladder volumes and specific gravities of

Urine concentration

ADH release, other factors related to antidiuretic hormone and osmoregulation concentration failure

Urine escape, prevention of

Urine formation

distribution of blood at glomerulus and nephrons and

Urine-to-plasmal osmolal ratio

Urine volume, for dog in normal state of hydration Urobilin

Urobilinogen

Urodeum, avian

Urogenital system, in male chicken

Uterine artery

Uterine horn, in mare, cow, sow, and bitch

Uterine milk

Uterine tubes

bovine

Utero-vaginal sperm storage glands, in fowl

Utero-vaginal sphincter, avian

Uterus

in bitch

bovine

in mare

in cow, position of

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

involution of, in cow

life span of corpus luteum and

in mare, ewe, and sow

prolapsed

Utricle

Utricular maculae, general structure of

Utriculus

Vagabond nerve (vagus nerve)

Vagina

canine coitus and

in mare

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

formation of hen’s egg and

penetration of penis into

Vaginal artery

Vaginal cavity

Vaginal rings

Vaginal tunic

parietal layer of

visceral layer of

Vagus nerve (X)

in dog

Vallate

Vallate papillae

on bovine tongue

Valve disorders, in heart

Valves, of heart

Valvular endocarditis

Vasa recta

in avian kidney medullary cone

countercurrent exchange in

Vascular endothelium

Vascular system

Vas deferens

ampulla of, in bull

avian, terminal part of

in avian male

in male chicken

in stallion

Vasa efferentia, in avian male

Vasomotor center

Vasopressin

Vegetative nervous system

Veins

major, decreasing pressures from major arteries to

mammary

pulmonary

renal

in renal portal system of birds

testicular

valves of, showing pumping action of adjacent muscles Velocity of transmission

Venae cavae

Venous blood

partial pressure of

pH of

Venous circle

Venous drainage, for mammary glands

Vent, of turkey

Ventilation

defined

pressures related to

Ventilation regulation

humoral control

braking effect

importance of oxygen regulation

influences of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions influences of oxygen

neural control

Ventral branch

Ventral cavity

Ventral colon

Ventral concha

of cow

of horse

Ventral direction

Ventral horn(s)

of gray matter

of spinal cord

of spinal cord of dog

Ventral labial vein

Ventral meatus

of horse

Ventral oblique muscle, in dog

Ventral plane

Ventral respiratory group

in respiratory center

Ventral root

in spinal cord of dog

in spinal nerves

Ventral sac

Ventral spinocerebellar tract

Ventricles

of brain

in canine brain

in canine heart

of heart

muscle fibers of

Ventricular syncytium Venules

Vertebrae

of chicken

of horse

of ox

spinal nerves and location relative to typical, general features of

Vertebral cavity

Vertebral foramen

Vertebral formula

of common domestic animals and humans Vertebral ganglions

Vesicles

Vesicular glands

Vestibular aqueduct

Vestibular membrane

Vestibular muscle, canine coitus and

Vestibular (oval) window

Vestibular portion, of inner ear

Vestibular structure, function of

Vestibular window

Vestibule

of middle ear

of vagina

species variations in position of Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) VFAs. See Volatile fatty acids Vicunas

Villi (villus)

functional organization of Viral infections, leukopenia and

Visceral layer, of vaginal tunic

Visceral nerves

Visceral pain

Visceral pain afferent fiber

Visceral pericardium

Visceral pleura

in horse

Visceral reflexes

Visceral vaginal tunic

Viscerocranium

Vision

chemistry of

fields of

vitamin A and

Visual acuity

Visual area, of brain

Visual cycle, photochemistry of

Visual purple

Visual reflex center

Visual reflexes

Visual streak

in horse

Vital capacity

Vitamin A

in milk

vision and

Vitamin D

active form of

in milk

Vitamin E, in milk

Vitamin K

deficiency of

in milk

Vitamins

in milk

Vitreous body

Vitreous chamber

Volatile fatty acids

chemical structure of

Volkmann canals

Voltage changes, across nerve and muscle membranes

Volume regulation

Volumes, of urine

Voluntary control, of respiratory movements

Vomiting

von Willebrand disease

von Willebrand factor

Vulva

in cow, sow, mare, and bitch

vWD. See von Willebrand disease

vWF. See von Willebrand factor

Warm-blooded animals

body temperature and

hibernation and

Warmth-sensitive neurons, response of, in rostral hypothalamus of cat

Water

adapting to lack of

countercurrent exchange in vasa recta and passive diffusion of

diffusion of

intestinal transport of

metabolic

percent of total body weight and

physical properties of

prehension and drinking of

reabsorption of

Water balance

daily, in Holstein cows eating legume hay

water gain and

water loss and

water requirements for

Water deficit, hyperosmolality and

Water-soluble vitamins

Water vapor partial pressure value

Wave forms

in electrocardiogram

electrode placements and, in dog

Wave summation

WBCs. See White blood cells

Wear characteristics, tooth structure and

Weeping lubrication

Wettability, between cornea and tears

Whales, milk composition and

Wheezes

Whey proteins, in milk

White blood cells

basophils

classification and appearance of

diagnostic procedures related to eosinophils function of

life span and numbers of lymphocytes monocytes neutrophils

White fat, brown fat vs.

White lipid (sphingomyelin) substance

White matter

in spinal cord of dog

White (or pale) skeletal muscle cells

White pulp, in spleen

Wolffian ducts

Wooden tongue, in cattle

Yellow egg yolk

Yellow fibers

Yolk

Yolk protein

Yolk sac

Zinc

Z lines

Zona fasciculata

Zona glomerulosa

Zona pellucida

Zona reticularis

Zonary placenta, of dog and cat

Zones of reserve cartilage

Zonular fibers

in dog

Zygomatic process, of temporal bone

Zygotes

mitotic division from, to blastula

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Source: Recce William O., Rowe Eric W.. Functional Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals. 5th edition. — Wiley-Blackwell,2017. — 823 p.. 2017

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