Index

Note: Page numbers in bold reflect the pages on which the term is reflected in a figure.

abdominal

arteries, 136, 139, 140

cavity, 81 muscles, 80. See also muscles, abdominal

region, 39, 40, 45, 46 abdominopelvic cavity, 80, 81, 82, 84,

86, 87

female, 88

male, 86, 87

Abducens Nerve, 16, 157, 160 abductor pollicis longus muscle, 63, 64 Achilles tendon, 36, 74

acoustic nerve, 157, 170 acromiodeltoid muscle, 59 acromiotrapezius muscle, 47, 48, 59 adductor femoris muscle, 67, 68, 69 adductor longus muscle, 68, 69 adrenal gland, 122

alimentary canal, 89, 91-99 alveoli and alveolar ducts, 103, 106 amphiarthrosis, 5

anal glands, 98, 99 anconeus muscle, 61, 62 annular ligament, 62

antebrachium muscles, 59, 61, 62 anus, 39, 89, 98, 99

aorta, 81, 122, 126, 127, 130, 131, 146.

aponeurosis, 41, 46, 47, 59 appendicular division of skeleton, 6, 28 appendix, 98

aqueous humor, 174 arachnoid membrane, 154 artery(ies), 125, 131. See also blood

vessels; circulatory system

of abdominal region, 136, 139, 140 brachiocephalic, 126, 131 carotid, 121, 134, 135

coeliac, 122, 141-142 cranial mesenteric, 122, 139, 143,

146

cranial thyroid, 121, 135

fetal umbilical, 86

of head, neck, chest and forelimb,

133-136

of heart, 125-130

hepatic, 100

of hindlimb, 145, 148-151 iliocircumflex, 148

of lower abdominal and pelvic regions, 144-145

ophthalmic, 17

renal, 109, 144, 146, 149

retinal, 174

spermatic, 147

vertebral, 34, 133, 135 articularis coxae muscle, 76, 78 atrioventricular groove and valve, 127, 130, 131

atlas. See vertebrae

atrium, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129 auditory apparatus, 7, 18, 170 auricles, heart, 126, 127, 128 autonomic nervous system, 122, 153 axial

division of skeleton, 6

support of the body, 22

back. See muscles, deep neck and back belly, 38, 39

biceps brachii muscle, 30, 59, 60, 61, 162

biceps femoris muscle, 67, 68, 77 bile/biliary system, 97, 99, 100, 101 blood, 125, 128.

components of, 125

flow through heart, 128-130

flow through kidneys, 107-108 platelets, 125, 151

transport of hormones, 119 blood vessels, 39, 80, 82, 107. See also arteries; circulatory system; veins

of abdominal region, 136

in abdominopelvic cavity, 84, 85 brachial, 30

caudal, 26

coronary, 127, 131

of head, neck, chest and forelimb, 133-136

of hindlimb, 145, 148, 149, 150, 151

from heart, 126

of lower abdominal and pelvic regions, 144-145

mammary, 134

ovarian, 147

renal, 146

spermatic, 147

of thoracic and brachial area, 132,

134

body cavities, 81, 82 bones, 5. See also skeleton, vertebrae

functions of, 5-6

hyoid, 6, 22, 26, 27, 52, 54

minerals and, 5-6

nasal, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 20

bones, appendicular division, 28

calcaneus, 36

carpals, 32

clavicle, 28

cuneiform, 32

femur, 34

fibula, 35

humerus, 5, 29, 30

manus, 32

metatarsals, 36 patella, 34, 35 pelvic girdle and appendage, 32 pes, 36 phalanges, 36 radius, 30, 31 scapula, 5, 28, 29 sesamoid, 32, 34, 36 talus, 36 tarsals, 35 tibia, 34, 35 ulna, 30, 31, 32 bones, axial division

cavities and sinuses, 20-21 ethmoid, 10, 11 frontal, 7, 12, 13, 19 interparietal, 14, 15

lacrimal, 12 maxilla, 9, 10 nasal, 9, 10 occipital, 15, 16 palatine, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 parietal, 7, 14 19 petrous, 18, 19 premaxilla, 7, 9 presphenoid, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 21 skull, 6, 7, 8 sphenoid, 16, 17 squamous, 18

temporal, 7, 15, 18, 19, 21 tympanic, 18 vomer, 10, 11 zygomatic, 13 bones, mandible

dentary, 21, 22 bony tentorium, 14, 20, 21 brachialis muscle, 48, 61, 62, 162 brachial plexus, 153, 162, 163 brachioradialis muscle, 40, 62, 64, 65 brachium, 59-61

brain, 20, 91, 119, 120, 136, 153,

155-156, 157, 159, 161 cerebellum, 154, 156, 159, 160, 161 cerebrum, 154, 156, 159 diencephalons, 154, 159 forebrain, 154

meninges and ventricles of, 154 telencephalon, 154, 156 ventricles, 154, 156, 159 brainstem, 160, 161, 160, 161 broad ligament, 86, 88 bronchi and bronchioles, 105, 106 calf muscles.

See also blood vessels cardiac. See also heart

muscle, 37

sphincter, 96, 97 carnivores

teeth in, 94

zygomatic process in, 21 carpals, 32 cartilage

arytenoid, 104, 105

costal, 50, 52

cricoid, 52, 93, 103, 104

cuneiform, 105

epiglottic, 104

thyroid, 52, 93, 103, 104, 105 cat (Felis catus)

as human counterpart, 1

planes of the body, 3

as predator, 1

caudal vertebrae, 22, 26 caudofemoralis muscle, 67, 68, 77 caval fold, 82, 106

cecum, 92, 97, 98

central nervous system, 15, 153, 154,

161

cerebellum, 18, 19, 20, 93, 120, 153, 154, 156, 157, 159, 160

cerebrospinal fluid, 154, 161 cerebrum, 13, 20, 93, 120, 153, 154,

157, 159

cervical

nerves, 162

region, 52

vertebrae, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 49 chest

blood vessels of, 133

muscles, 41, 79

choanae, 93, 95, 104

chordae tendineae, 128, 129 choroid, 173, 174 ciliary body, 173, 174 Circle of Willis, 135 circulatory system, 119, 133, 144, 151.

See also blood vessels

functions of, 125

pulmonary, 131-132 clavicle, 28, 47, 48, 52 clavobrachialis muscle, 44, 47, 48, 59 clavodeltoid, 47 clavotrapezius muscle, 44, 47, 53, 59 claw, 32, 36 cleidomastoid muscle, 52, 53 coccygeus muscle, 76, 77 coccyx, 26 cochlea, 169, 170, 171

coelomic cavities, 81

colon, 85, 86, 92, 97, 98

condyloid

canal, 15, 20

process, 18, 21 coracobrachialis muscle, 59, 60 coracoid process, 29 cornea, 173, 174 cornua, 27 coronal suture, 7, 8, 19 coronary

blood vessels, 127, 131, 145

ligament, 84, 99

sinus, 128

corpora quadrigemina, 120 corpus callosum, 93, 159 cortex, brain, 153 costal cartilage, 50, 52 cranial

bone. See ethmoid

cavity, 20, 21

mesenteric artery, 143, 139, 146 nerves, 7, 15, 153

vault, 14 craniotomy saw, 91 cranium, 5, 6, 14 cribriform plate, 10, 11, 13, 20, 154 cricoid cartilage, 93, 103, 104, 105 cricothyroid muscle, 52, 54 crista galli, 10 cuneiform

bones, 32, 36

cartilages, 105 cutaneous maximus, 40, 41, 48 cystic duct, 100, 101

deltoid muscle (human), 59

dentary 21, 22, 53.

diagastric muscle, 53, 54, 90 diaphragm, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 96, 99,

100, 103, 106, 125, 133, 152 diaphysis, 30, 31, 34, 35 diarthroses, 5 diastema, 91, 94 diencephalon, 20, 154, 159 digestive

accessory organs, 99-102

enzymes, 89, 97, 99, 100 hormones, 100 organs, 81, 89, 124

tract, 81, 89

digestive system, 37, 38, 89, 95, 102, 104, 169

alimentary canal, 91

lower, 92

digits, 40, 64, 65, 66, 72. See also phalanges

ducts

accessory, 101, 102

alveolar, 106

bile, 100, 101

cochlear, 171

cystic, 101

digestive system, 99, 100 hepatic, 101 incisive, 94, 95 nasopalatine, 93 pancreatic, 100, 101 semicircular, 170 duodenocolic fold, 86, 98 duodenum, 84, 85, 86, 87, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 123 dura mater, 21, 154, 157, 158 ear, 170. See also ossicle(s)

dissecting, 169 external/pinna, 38, 39, 135, 169,

170

inner, 8, 169, 170

middle, 17, 18, 19, 95, 169 oval window of, 18, 169, 170 tympanic cavity, 169 eardrum, 169 elbow, 61, 62 endocrine system, 82, 119, 153 endomysium, 37 endothelium, 125 enzymes, digestive, 89, 97, 99, 100 epiglottis, 93, 94, 96, 104, 105 epiphysis, 30, 31, 34, 35 epiploic foramen, 84, 85 epithelium

luminal, 97

olfactory, 21, 154, 157 squamous, 125 epitrochlearis muscle, 59 equilibrium apparatus, 19 erythrocytes, 151 esophagus, 81, 82, 83, 89, 92, 93, 95,

96

ethmoid, 10, 11, 20, 154 eustachian tube, 19, 170 excretory system, 107-110 extensor muscles, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 75

eye

internal anatomy, 173

muscles, 171, 172

orbit, 8, 9, 12, 13, 91 eyeball, 172, 173

Facial Nerve, 18, 19, 157 falciform ligament, 83, 84, 99, 100 fascia, muscle, 42, 45 fascieculi, 37 fauces, 95 female

abdominopelvic region, 88 blood vessel differences in, 145 round ligaments, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 99, 100

reproductive system, 107, 110, 111, 123

ovarian blood vessels, 145, 147

ovaries and oviducts, 110, 123 femur, 34 fibula, 35 filiform papillae, 94, 95 flexor carpi muscles, 64, 65, 66 flexor digitorum muscles, 62, 64, 65, 66, 72, 73, 74, 75 flexor hallucis longus muscle, 73, 74 folate papillae, 94, 95 forearm, 48, 61 forebrain, 154 forelimbs, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 133, 138, 153, 161,162 frenulum, lingual, 90, 91, 94, 95 frontal bone and process, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 19 frontal sinus, 13, 20, 21, 93

fundus, 96, 97

fungiform papillae, 94, 95

gallbladder, 92, 99, 100, 101 ganglia, 153

gastric

artery and vein, 142, 145

rugae, 97 gastrocnemius, 73, 74, 75 gemellus muscles, 76, 77 genetic parallels between cats and humans, 1

genioglossus muscle, 54 geniohyoid muscle, 53, 54 glands

anal, 98, 99

ductless, 119 mandibular, 90, 91 prostate, 107 salivary, 172 glomerulus, 107, 108 Glossopharyngeal nerve, 15, 157 glottis, 93, 96, 104, 105 gluteus muscles, 67, 75, 76, 77, 78 gracillis, 66, 68, 69 greater omentum, 80, 84, 85, 88, 92, 97, 100, 102, 122 gustatory organs, 7

hard palate, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 93, 94, 95 head

blood vessels of, 133

bisected, 93

dissected, 93, 94

muscles affecting, 52, 55, 57 sense organs in, 169

heart, 37, 81, 82, 105, 121, 122, 125-130, 152

heel, 36

hemopoiesis, 5 hepatic portal system, 39, 99, 100, 101, 131,

143-145, 151, 152

hilus, 108, 109

hindbrain, 154

hindlimbs, 39, 40, 145, 148-151, 153 blood vessels of, 145, 148, 150, 151 nerves of, 161

hip

muscles, 75-76, 77, 78

nerves, 168

hormones.

endrocrine, 119-120, 121, 124 excretory, 107

secretion, 89

Human Genome Project, 1 humerus, 5, 29, 30

hyoid, 22, 26, 27, 52, 53, 54 Hypoglossal Nerve, 15, 54, 157, 162 hyoglossus muscle, 54, 162 hypophysis, 17, 20, 119, 156, 158,

159, 160. See also pituitary gland hypothalamus, 119, 154, 156, 160

ileocecal valve, 98 ileum, 86, 92, 97, 98 iliacus muscle, 69-70 ilial crest, 82 iliopsoas complex, 69, 70

ilium, 32, 33 immune response, 125, 151 incisive ducts, 94, 95 incisor teeth, 7, 9, 21, 22, 94 incus, 18, 169, 170 infraorbital gland, 91 infraspinatus, 55, 58, 59 infundibulum, 119, 156, 160 inguinal canal, 80 injection sites, 39 innominate. See os coax intercostalis internus muscle, 50 intermandibular symphysis, 21 intermaxillary, 19 intervertebral discs and foramen, 22,

24

ischiatic nerve, 67, 75, 77 ischium, 32, 33

jaw, 91, 93

adductors, 22

muscles, 58

jejunum, 86, 92, 97, 98

joints, 5, 38

at shank, 72

shoulder, 59

synarthrotic, 19

jugular

foramen, 8, 15, 20

process, 7, 15, 53

vein, 15, 90, 104, 136, 121, 137

kidney, 84, 86, 99, 102, 107, 108, 109, 122, 124

knee and kneecap, 34, 149

labial frenulum, 94

lacrimal

bone, 7, 12

gland, 172

lambdoidal ridge and suture, 7, 15, 19,

20, 47, 52, 55, 57

large intestine, 86, 87, 88, 89, 98, 99 laryngopharynx, 93, 95, 104 larynx, 52, 91, 95, 96, 104, 105 latissmus dorsi, 47, 48, 49, 59, 60 lens of eye, 173, 174

lesser omentum, 84, 85, 92, 97, 99, 100

leukocytes, 122, 125 levator scapulae ventralis, 47, 48, 59 ligaments

annular, 62

broad, 86, 88

cervical suraspinous, 55 coronary, 84, 99, 100 extensor retinaculum, 61, 62 falciform, 83, 84, 99, 100 flexor retinaculum, 62, 65 gastrocolic, 85, 86, 97, 102 gastrohepatic, 84, 85, 92, 97 gastroplenic, 84, 85, 92, 102 hepatoduodenal, 84, 85, 92, 97, 100 hepatorenal, 84, 86, 99, 108 median vesical, 86 ovarian, 86, 88, 123 pulmonary, 82, 83, 106 suspensory ovarian, 86 urinary, 109, 110 vesical, 86, 87

linea alba, 45, 46, 47

lingual

artery, 135

frenulum, 90, 91, 94, 95

lingualis proprius, 55

lip, 94

liver, 80, 83, 84, 86, 89, 92, 97, 99, 100, 108, 142, 152

locomotory complex, 37 longissimus muscles, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57 longus colli muscle, 56, 57

lumbar

nerves, 165

region, 51, 52

vertebrae, 22, 25, 47 lumbricales muscle, 66 lumbrosacral plexus, 153, 164, 165,

166, 167

luminal epithelium, 97 lungs, 82, 103, 105, 106, 122, 130 lymphatic circulation system and

vessels, 100, 125, 151 lymph nodes, 90, 97, 151

malar. See zygomatic process male

abdominopelvic region, 86, 87 blood vessel differences from

females, 144

excretory system, 110

gubernaculum, 86

reproductive system, 107, 123, 124 spermatic blood vessels, 147, 148 malleus, 18, 169, 170 mammal

brain, 153, 154, 159

ear in, 169

heart, 125, 126

sense organs in, 169

mammary

blood vessels, 134

glands, 39

mandible, 8, 18, 19, 21, 22, 25, 40, 53, 54, 57, 62

manus, 32, 38, 39, 40, 44, 62, 63, 66 masseter muscle, 14, 22, 57, 58, 89,

90, 91, 93

mastoid process, 53, 54, 57 maxillae, 7, 8, 9, 10 11, 12, 14, 94, 95 medial bundle, 52

mediastinum, 81, 82, 125, 133 medulla oblongata, 20, 133, 154, 155,

156, 157, 159, 160, 161 membranes, 81, 154 meninges, 10, 154 mesencephalon, 20, 154, 156-157,

159, 160

mesenteries, 80, 81, 88, 92, 97

abdominopelvic, 83, 86, 87

female reproductive, 88

thoracic, 82

mesoduodenum, 85, 97, 100, 122, 123 metabolic

activities, 100, 120

waste, 107

metacarpals, 32, 63, 64 metatarsal bones, 36 metencephalon, 154, 157 midbrain.

gland, 90, 91

teeth, 9, 10, 22, 91, 94 mouth/oral cavity, 89, 91, 94 mucus and mucous membranes, 89,

91, 94

multifidus spinae muscle, 51, 52 muscle(s), 37

abdominal, 45, 46, 47, 49, 80 abduction, 38

acromioeltoid, 59 acromiotrapezius, 40, 41, 59 adduction, 38

antagonists, 38

architecture, 38

attachments, 30

calf, 75

cardiac, 37 ciliary, 173, 174 convergent, 38 deep neck and back, 55-57 deep thoracic, 49-51

deltoid, 59

dermal, 40, 41

epitrochlearis, 41

extension, 38

eye, 171, 172

fan-shaped, 38

fibers, 37, 38, 42, 43, 45

fixators, 38

flexion, 38

flexor, 62

forearm (antebrachium), 61-66 function of, 37

head, 57

hip, 75-78

iliopsoas complex, 69, 70

jaw, 58

as levers, 5

lower back, 51

lumbar and thoracic, 51, 52

manus, 66

masseter, 14, 22, 57, 58, 89, 90, 91, 93

neck, 52-56, 90

papillary, 128, 130

pennate class, 38

pes, 75

prime movers, 38

quadriceps complex, 70, 71 rotation, 38

sewing and cutting, 42, 43 shank, 72-75

shoulder, 56, 58-59

skeletal (striated), 37

strap, 38 striated, 38 structure, 37 superficial, 41, 43 superficial back, 47-48 superficial thoracic (chest), 43-45, 79 synergists, 38

tail, 78

temporalis, 19, 20, 57, 58 tendons, 34

thigh, 66-71

trapezoidal, 55

upper arm (brachium), 56, 59, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69

myelencephalon, 154, 157 myocardium, 125, 129 myosin, 38

nares, 20, 38, 39, 93, 95, 104

nasal

bones, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 20 cavity, 7, 20, 93, 104, 169 conchae, 9, 91

septum, 10, 20

turbinates, 20

nasolacrimal canal, 7, 8, 12 nasomaxillary suture, 7, 19 nasopharynx, 91, 93, 94, 95, 104 neck, 80. See also muscles, neck nephrons, 107-108 nerves, 82, 133

acoustic, 157, 170

autonomic, 153

axillary, 162

brachial plexus, 162, 163 in brain, 155

cervical, 162, 162 cranial, 7, 15, 153, 158

Facial, 18, 19, 157 Glossopharyngeal, 15, 157 Spinal Accessory, 15, 157 Trigeminal, 11, 16, 22, 157, 160

Vagus, 15, 157 Vestibulocochlear, 19, 157

in excretory system, 107 facial, 90, 93

fibers, 154, 157, 160

in hip, 168

hypoglossal, 54, 157, 160, 162 ischiatic, 67, 75, 77

lumbrosacral plexus, 164, 165, 166, 167

musculocutaneous, 162 oculomotor, 157, 158 optic, 154, 156, 157, 174 phrenic, 162

spinal, 24, 26, 153, 161-162 subscapular, 162

trochlear, 157, 158, 160 vagus, 96, 121

nervous system, 122, 153, 169 nictitating membrane, 39, 172 nipples, 39

nose. See nares; nasal

nostrils, 104. See also nares

O’Brien, Stephen, 1

obturator muscles, 76, 77, 78 occipital, 7, 8, 14, 15, 19, 24

arteries, 134, 135

Oculomotor Nerve, 16, 157, 158 olfactory

bones / skeleton, 13, 20, 21 bulbs, 154, 155, 156, 158 epithelia, 154, 157

nerve, 10, 157

organs, 7, 95

trigone, 154, 155

omnivores, 21, 94

optic

chiasma, 18, 119, 120, 155, 158, 159, 160

disk, 173, 174

foramen, 7, 17, 18

nerve, 174

Optic Nerve, 17, 154, 157, 172, 174 oral cavity, 89, 91, 93, 94-95, 96, 104 ora serrata, 173, 174

orbital fissure and process, 7, 13, 16, 17

organ of Corti, 169

organ systems, 79, 80 oropharynx, 93, 94, 95 os coxa, 32, 33 ossicles, 17, 18, 19, 169. See also ear ovary, 86, 88, 147, 123

palate

hard, 7, 8, 9, 11, 93, 94, 95

soft, 93, 94, 95

palatine, 8

bones, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 16, 93 nerve, 11

tonsils, 91, 93, 94, 95, 151 pancreas, 4, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 92, 97, 100, 101, 102, 122, 123 papillae

renal, 109

tongue, 94, 95, 96, 169 parathyroid gland, 121 parietal

bone, 7, 8, 14, 19, 20

pericardium and pleura, 81, 82, 83, 84

peritoneum, 84, 98, 108 parotid gland and duct, 89, 90, 91, 93 patella, 34, 35 pectineus muscle, 68, 69 pectoantebrachialis, 43, 44 pectoral

girdle, 6, 22, 28 muscles, 43, 44, 45 pelvic

canal, 110 cavity, 81, 82 girdle, 6, 22, 25, 32-33 pouches, 88 region, 39, 84, 86 pelvis, 80

renal, 109 penis, 107 pericardial cavity, 81, 82, 83 pericardium, 125, 133 peripheral nervous system, 153 peristalsis, 97 peritoneal cavity, 81, 84, 102 peroneus muscles, 72, 73 pes muscles, 36, 39, 72, 73, 74 phalanges, 32, 36. See also digits pharyngeal cavity/area, 91, 93, 94, 105 pharynx, 89, 91, 95-96, 104 phosphates, 5, 6 pia mater, 154 pinna, 38, 39, 169, 170 pineal gland, 120, 160, 161 pisiform, 32 pituitary gland, 91, 119, 154, 156 planes of the body, 3 plantaris muscle, 74 platysma, 40 pleural cavity, 81, 82, 106 pollex, 64 pons, 20, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160 popliteus muscle, 72, 74 premaxillae, 7, 8, 9, 11, 95 premolar teeth, 9, 10, 22, 89, 94 presphenoid, 8, 11, 16, 17, 18, 21 pronation, 38 pronator muscles, 61, 65, 66 prostate gland, 107 psoas major and minor, 69 pterygoid

muscles, 22, 57 process, 8, 12, 17 pubic rim, 82 pubis, 32, 33, 46, 47 pubovesical pouch, 86, 87, 88 pulmonary

circulation, 131-132

ligaments, 82, 83, 106

trunk, 126, 131, 132 pupil of eye, 174 purring mechanism, 105 pyloric/pylorus, 96, 97, 98

arteries, 142

pyriformis muscle, 75, 76, 77

quadratus muscles, 70, 76, 77 quadriceps muscle, 34, 70, 71

radius bone, 30, 31 rectogenital pouch, 86, 87, 88 rectum, 92, 98, 108

rectus abdominis muscle, 46, 47, 49, 50

rectus femoris muscle, 69, 70, 71 renal. See also kidney

blood vessels, 146 reproductive system, 86, 107, 149-150 respiratory system, 95, 96, 103, 105, 106 retina, 173, 174 retinacula, 62

rhomboideus muscles, 55

ribs, 6, 22, 27, 28, 39, 50, 51, 52, 80 round ligament, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 99,

100

rugae

disgestive tract/gastric, 94, 95, 97 urinary bladder, 109

sacrum, 22, 25, 26 sagittal suture, 19 salivary glands and ducts, 89, 90, 91,

172 saphenous vein, 40 sartorius muscle, 66, 67, 69, 77 scalenus and scalene bundle, 49 scapula, 5, 28, 29, 30 sclera, 172, 174 segmentation (digestive), 97 sella turcica, 16, 17, 20, 119 semen and seminal fluid, 107 semicircular canal, 170 semimembranosus muscle, 67, 69 semispinalis muscles, 56, 57 semitendinosus muscle, 67, 68, 69 sense organs, 169 serosa, 81, 82, 84 serratus ventralis muscle, 49, 50, 53,

56

sesamoid bones, 32, 34, 36 shank, 72, 73, 74, 75 sheep, similarities to human circulatory system, 125, 130, 154

shoulder

muscles, 40, 55, 56, 58, 59 sigmoid

colon, 98

curve, 28

sinus, 21, 91

coronary, 128

frontal, 13, 20, 21, 93

renal, 109

sphenoidal, 93 venous (eye), 173

skeleton and skeletal system, 5. See also bones

appendicular division, 6 axial division, 6 functions of, 5 skinning procedure, 39, 40 skull, 4, 6-21 small intestine, 84, 85, 89, 97, 98, 100, 151

smell, sense of, 21 sodium bicarbonate, 100 soft palate, 93, 94, 95 soleus muscle, 73, 74, 75 spermatic cord, 39, 41, 80, 147 sphenoid, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 57,

119

Spinal Accessory nerve, 15, 157, 160 spinal cord, 15, 23, 24, 153, 154, 155, 161, 159, 160, 161

spinalis dorsi muscle, 51, 52 spinal nerves, 24, 26, 153, 161-162 spine, 29, 49, 51, 52

spinodeltoid muscle, 47, 59, 60 spinotrapezius muscle, 47, 48 spleen, 84, 86, 92, 98, 102, 151 splenius muscle, 55, 56, 57 squamosal, 19 stapes, 18, 169, 170 sternohyoid muscle, 52, 54 sternomastoid muscle, 52, 53 sternothyroid muscle, 54 sternum, 6, 27, 28, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50,

52, 79

stomach, 84, 85, 89, 92, 96, 97, 99, 136

styloglossus muscle, 54 sublingual gland and duct, 90, 91 submandibular gland, 91 submaxillary. See mandibular gland subscapularis muscle, 59, 60 supination, 38 supinator muscle, 63 supraspinatus muscle, 55, 58 swallowing, 96, 105 synarthrosis, 5 synarthrotic joints, 19

tail, 39, 78

tapetum lucidum, 173 tarsal bones, 35, 36 tastebuds, 95 teeth, 1, 7, 9, 10, 21, 22, 89, 91, 94 temporal bone, 7, 13, 15, 18, 19, 52,

57, 170

temporalis muscle, 19, 20, 58 tendon(s)

Achilles, 36, 74 central, of the diagram, 84 related to muscle, 34, 38, 48, 61, 62, 64, 65

tensor fasciae latae, 67, 69, 70, 77 tentorium, 14, 20, 21 tenuissimus muscle, 68, 77 teres major muscle, 55, 58, 60, 162 teres minor muscle, 59, 60 testes, 107, 123, 124

testosterone, 107

tetrapod vertebrates, 103, 153 thalamus, 154, 161

thigh muscles, 66-69

thoracic

cavity and mesenteries, 80, 81, 82, 83, 103

vertebrae, 22, 25, 48, 57, 80, 81 thorax/thoracic region, 27, 39, 40, 45,

49, 52

thumb, 64 thymus, 105, 122, 151 thyrohyoid, 52, 53 thyroid

cartilage, 93, 103, 105 gland, 104, 120, 121

tibia, 34, 35, 74

tibialis muscles, 72, 73, 74

toes, 73

tongue, 54, 55, 89, 91, 93, 94-95, 169 tonsils, palatine, 91, 93, 94, 95, 151 trachea, 52, 82, 93, 95, 96, 103, 104,

105, 121, 122, 139

transverse colon, 92 transversus

abdominis muscle, 46, 47, 50 costarum muscle, 49, 50 thoracis muscle, 50, 106

trapezoid, 32

triceps

brachii, 31, 59, 60, 61

surae muscle, 75

tricuspid valve, 128

Trigeminal Nerve, 11, 16, 22, 157

Trochlear Nerve, 16, 157, 158 trunk, 39, 47

tympanic

bulla, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19, 59 cavity, 18, 19, 170 membrane, 169, 170 promontory, 18

ulna, 30, 31, 32, 59, 64

ulnar nerves, 162

ureter, 92, 108, 109

urethra, 107, 110, 111

urinary

bladder, 80, 86, 87, 88, 92, 107, 108, 109, 110

system differences between males and females, 107

urinogenital organs, 82 uterus, 86, 88, 123, 150

vagus nerve, 96, 121, 157

vas deferens, 80, 109, 110 vastus muscles, 69, 70, 71 veins, 125, 136. See also blood vessels;

circulatory system

azygous, 136, 139 cephalic, 40, 138 facial, 90, 136, 137 of forelimb (paw), 138

of head, neck, and thorax, 136, 137 hepatic, 151

hepatic portal, 99, 101, 143-144, 145, 152

of hindlimb, 150, 151 jugular, 15, 90, 104, 136, 121, 137 of lower abdominal and pelvic regions, 144

pulmonary, 126, 131, 132 renal and adrenolumbar, 122, 146 retinal, 174

saphenous, 40

spermatic, 147

umbilical, 99

vertebral, 24

vena cava, 126, 127, 128, 136, 139, 140, 147, 149, 151, 152

venous sinus, 173 ventricles

brain, 154, 156, 159

heart, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 vertebrae, 22

atlas, 24

axis, 24

caudal, 22, 26

cervical, 23, 24, 49, 57, 133

coccygeal (human), 22 cranial, 52

laminae, 23

lumbar, 25 47, 49, 51 pleuropophysis, 25, 26 sacral, 25, 26

thoracic, 25, 48, 49, 55, 57

vertebral

artery, 34, 133, 135

body cavities, 81

canal, 23, 24, 25, 161

column, 5, 22, 23, 24, 25, 48, 52 vertebrates, 103, 107, 153, 154, 169, 169

vesicouterine pouch, 88 vestibule, 89, 94

Vestibulocochlear Nerve, 19, 157 vibrissae, 39

visceral

pericardium, 81, 83

pleura, 81, 82

serosa, 81

vitreous humor, 173, 174

vocal cords, true and false, 93, 104, 105

vomer, 10, 11, 20

whiskers, 39

wrist, 32, 64

xiphihumeralis muscle, 45 xiphisternum and xiphoid process, 27, 44, 79, 80

zonule fibers, 173-174

zygomatic

arch (cheekbone), 8, 14, 20, 57 gland, 91

process, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21