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MALE GENITAL MUSCLES

The cremaster muscle pulls the testis up against the superfi­cial vaginal ring, particularly in cold weather. The cremas­ter muscles are responsible for the testes being drawn into the abdominal cavity of the elephant, deer, and rabbit dur­ing times other than the breeding season.

A skeletal muscle, the urethralis, is the pelvic continuation of the smooth mus­cle wall of the urinary bladder. The peristaltic action of this muscle assists in the transport of urine or semen through the pelvic urethra. The bulbospongiosus muscle is a striated muscle continuation of the urethralis. It continues through­out the length of the penis in the horse, but in other animals, it is only present up to a short distance along the penile ure­thra. The ischiocavernosus muscles pull the penis upward against the floor of the pelvis. The retractor penis muscles pull the flaccid penis back into the prepuce.

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Source: Rana Tanmoy (ed.). Principles of Veterinary Animal Physiology. CRC Press,2026. — 290 p.. 2026

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