SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 1
THE CELL, ITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
1. The Golgi apparatus is associated with:
a. cell reproduction.
b. energy production.
c. packaging materials for transport.
d.
protein synthesis.2. The endoplasmic reticulum:
a. is entirely separate from the nucleus.
b. has agranular locations associated with protein synthesis.
c. has granular locations with ribosome attachments and is associated with protein synthesis.
d. has an internal fluid with the same composition as that found in the cytoplasm.
3. Which one of the organelles is the site of the citric acid cycle?
a. Mitochondria
b. Lysosomes
c. Centrosome
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
ENERGY PRODUCTION
4. The aerobic stage of energy production from carbohydrate, lipid, and protein catabolism involves:
a. acetyl-Co A.
b. NAD and FAD.
c. the citric acid cycle.
d. all of the above.
5. The electron transfer chain is located in the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum.
b. mitochondria.
c. nucleus.
d. Golgi apparatus.
6. In the electron flow in the electron transfer chain:
a. ATP is synthesized from ADP.(oxidative phosphorylation).
b. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized.
c. oxygen is consumed and metabolic water is produced.
d. all of the above.
FUNCTIONS OF DNA AND RNA
7. A chromosome is:
a. the same as a gene.
b. a large molecule of DNA.
c. a large molecule of RNA.
d. the histone portion of DNA.
8. At which stage of mitosis is the nuclear envelope reconstructed?
a. Telophase
b. Prophase
c. Anaphase
d. Metaphase
9. Mitosis:
a. is a phenomenon of cell division in which each cell after division has a haploid chromosome number.
b. is the division of somatic cells in which nuclear division precedes cytoplasmic fission.
c. is the division of reproductive cells (oocytes and spermatozoa) in which each cell after division has a diploid chromosome number.
d. concludes with the anaphase stage.
0. The sequence of bases on one strand of DNA is TGCCAT. What would be the sequence of bases of its complementary strand within a DNA double helix?
a. ACGGTA
b. CATTGC
c. GTAACG
d. TGCCAT
11. During replication of DNA:
a. the double helix is not split and a new double helix forms by its side.
b. the double helix is split and each nucleotide chain is identified as the new chromosome.
c. the double helix is split and each nucleotide chain becomes paired with a new complementary strand, forming two double-helix chromosomes.
d. the duplicated attached chromosomes are called centromeres.
.2. The synthesis of protein:
a. occurs in the cytoplasm and is accomplished by RNA molecules.
b. occurs in the nucleus and is accomplished by DNA molecules.
c. occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum.
d. has nothing to do with the DNA.
.3. During the synthesis of protein:
a. only one tRNA is involved in its synthesis.
b. tRNA is synthesized by the Golgi apparatus in the cytoplasm.
c. tRNA enters the nucleus with its attached amino acid for the nuclear synthesis.
d. tRNAs, specific for each of 20 amino acids, move to the cytoplasm to pick up respective amino acids and carry it to the mRNA, where it is fitted into the code for a specific protein molecule.
EMBRYOLOGY
.4. Meiosis:
a. is the same as mitosis except that it occurs in reproductive cells, the oocytes and spermatozoa.
b. begins after fertilization of the oocyte by the spermatozoa.
c. results in a reduction of chromosome numbers by one-half (haploid or n) while still in the reproductive systems of the male and female.
d. happens beyond fertilization and during the formation of a new individual.
1.5. The nervous system develops from the germ layer known as:
a. ectoderm.
b. mesoderm.
c. endoderm.
d. hypoderm.
.6. The coelom is the forerunner of:
a. skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle.
b. the pericardial, pleural, and abdominopelvic cavities.
c. the skin and all of its derivatives.
d. the placenta.
TISSUES
L7. Epithelial tissues are derived from:
a. ectoderm.
b. endoderm.
c. mesoderm.
d. both a and b.
8. Epithelium that appears to consist of many layers but actually only has one layer is known as:
a. stratified squamous.
b. transitional.
c. simple columnar.
d. pseudostratified columnar.
.9. Glands with cells that accumulate secretory products in their cytoplasm and then die and disintegrate are known as:
a. apocrine glands.
b. merocrine glands.
c. holocrine glands.
d. pep glands.
:0. Mucous membranes:
a. line body cavities and cover the surfaces of related organs.
b. line the hollow organs and cavities that open on the skin surface of the body.
c. are represented by pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.
d. both a and c.
>1. Tissues that produce intercellular substances (e.g., cartilage and bone), store fat, and produce various blood cells are known as:
a. connective tissues.
b. epithelial tissues.
c. nervous tissues.
d. muscle tissues.
:2. Collagenous or white fibers, and elastic or yellow fibers:
a. are intercellular substances produced by fibroblasts.
b. are found in loose connective tissue.
c. are found in dense connective tissue.
d. a, b, and c.
DIRECTIONAL TERMS AND PLANES
!3∙ Within the head, rostral means:
a. toward the nose.
b. the same as cranial.
c. toward the tail.
d. the same as caudal.
:4. A sagittal plane is:
a. one that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.
b. any plane parallel to the median plane.
c. one that would divide the body into upper (dorsal) and lower (ventral) segments.
d. equipped with jets.
:5. The part of a limb, artery, or nerve that is nearest the center of the body or point of origin is referred to as:
a. proximal.
b. palmar.
c. distal.
d. superficial.
:6.
The position in which the dorsal aspect of the body or any extremity is uppermost is known as:a. supine.
b. upside.
c. prone.
d. downer.
BODY CAVITIES
>7. The mediastinum:
a. is located in the abdominal cavity.
b. contains the heart, thoracic parts of the esophagus, trachea, vessels, and nerves.
c. is bounded by peritoneum.
d. contains the lungs.
:8. A mesentery is a connecting fold of the peritoneum that:
a. attaches the intestine to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity.
b. passes from the stomach to other soft structural viscera.
c. passes between viscera other than parts of the digestive tube or connects them with the abdominal wall.
d. separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.
:9. The serous membrane that lines the wall of the thoracic cavity is:
a. parietal pleura.
b. parietal peritoneum.
c. visceral pleura.
d. visceral peritoneum.
O. Omentum refers to a peritoneal fold:
a. passing from the stomach to other soft structure viscera.
b. passing between viscera other than parts of the digestive tube.
c. that attaches the intestine to the dorsal wall of the abdominal cavity.
d. in the thoracic cavity.