SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 2
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS
1. A selectively permeable membrane allows the passage of water and substance X but not substance Y. Equal volumes of aqueous solution X and aqueous solution Y are placed on opposite sides of the membrane.
After equilibrium, which side will contain the greater volume?a. The side that originally contained solution X.
b. The side that originally contained solution Y.
2. Erythrocytes are placed in a solution that causes them to hemolyze. The solution must be:
a. isotonic.
b. hypertonic.
c. hypotonic.
3. A different solution is placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane. Water diffuses from side A to side B. Which side has the greater effective osmotic pressure for this to occur?
a. Side A
b. Side B
4. Solution 1 has a greater effective osmotic pressure than solution 2. Which one of these solutions has the greater tone?
a. Solution 1
b. Solution 2
5. What is the fate of erythrocytes that are placed into a hypotonic solution?
a. They increase in volume.
b. They decrease in volume.
c. There is no change in volume.
6. A membrane separates aqueous solution A from aqueous solution B. It is determined that solution A has the greater effective osmotic pressure. Therefore, water will diffuse from:
a. solution B to solution A.
b. solution A to solution B.
c. there would be no net diffusion of water.
DISTRIBUTION OF BODY WATER
7. Which one of the following body fluid compartments would represent about 40% of the body weight?
a. Transcellular
b. Intravascular
c. Intracellular
d. Extracellular
8. Interstitial fluid is a component of the:
a. intracellular fluid compartment.
b. extracellular fluid compartment.
c. transcellular fluid compartment.
9. Interstitial fluid is found:
a. within the cells.
b.
between cells but outside blood vessels.c. within the capillaries.
d. in body cavities.
0. Hyaluronic acid (a component of the intercellular substance):
a. maintains an optimal pH of the ISF.
b. counteracts the effects of hyaluronidase.
c. is a highly hydrated gel that holds ISF in its interstices.
11. Body fluid volumes were measured and the values were reported as milliliters per kilogram of body weight but in a scrambled order with no body compartment identification. Total body water was reported as 610 mL/kg body weight and the compartment volumes were reported as 170, 230, 380, and 60. Select the series below that corresponds with the values shown.
a. ECF, ICF, ISF, PV
b. PV, ISF, ECF, ICF
c. ISF, ECF, ICF, PV
d. ECF, ICF, ISF, PV
WATER BALANCE
.2. Water lost from the body when air is exhaled or by evaporation from the skin is considered a vapor loss or insensible loss. It usually exceeds sensible losses, water lost in feces or urine.
a. True
b. False
.3. The water requirement of a 1,000 lb (454 kg) cow is about 30 L each day. If a calf weighs 100 lb (23 kg) and has about one-fifth the body surface area of the cow, what would be its approximate water requirement each day?
a. 30 L
b. 3 L
c. 6 L
4. The basal daily needs for water are directly related to:
a. body weight.
b. caloric expenditure and body surface area.
c. animal color.
1.5. More metabolic water is obtained from the metabolism of 100 g of fat than from 100 g of either protein or carbohydrate because:
a. animals drink more when eating fat.
b. more cofactors are reduced (and therefore need to be reoxidized) when fat is metabolized.
c. 1 g of fat is heavier than 1 g of either protein or carbohydrate.
DEHYDRATION, THIRST, AND WATER INTAKE
.6. If the effective osmotic pressure in the plasma becomes greater than the effective osmotic pressure within the thirst cells in the hypothalamus, which of the following would be predicted?
a.
The animal would seek water.b. The animal would not seek water.
17. Thirst can be stimulated by:
a. osmoconcentration of the extracellular fluid.
b. low blood pressure associated with blood loss.
c. both a and b.
8. Which one of the following solutions would cause a dog to begin drinking water (become thirsty) if it were infused into the dog’s blood?
a. Hypertonic NaCl
b. Isotonic NaCl
c. Hypotonic NaCl
.9. With continuing dehydration:
a. only water is depleted.
b. only electrolytes are depleted.
c. both water and electrolytes are depleted.
ADAPTATION TO WATER LACK
:0. Which one of the following statements is correct as it relates to tolerance to dehydration?
a. Cattle have better tolerance than sheep.
b. Sheep have better tolerance than cattle and pigs.
c. Sheep, cattle, and pigs have the same tolerance.
d. Pigs have better tolerance than sheep.
’1. During the heat of the day, which one of the following is most productive in conserving body water?
a. Elimination of body heat while it is being produced via evaporation
b. Storing body heat during the day while it is being produced and eliminating the heat when the ambient temperature is cooler
c. Retention of urine