SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 5

CLASSIFICATION OF SENSORY RECEPTORS

1. Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs (proprioceptors) belong to the class of sensory receptors known as:

a. interoceptors.

b. nociceptors.

c. exteroceptors.

d. musculotendoceptors.

2. Stimulation of a Krause end-bulb (cold receptor) can result in the pain sensation.

a. True

b. False

PAIN

3. Pain that is felt on the surface of the body and is arising from the viscera is known as:

a. heart pain.

b. window pain.

c. referred pain.

d. pleuritis or peritonitis.

4. Which one of the following statements about pain is false?

a. Pain is a protective mechanism.

b. The cornea of the eye is an insensitive structure.

c. Diversion of attention reduces pain perception.

d. Referred pain is that which is perceived as coming from an exterior part of the body but is actually coming from the viscera.

TASTE

5. The taste bud is a receptor organ for olfaction.

a. True

b. False

6. The greatest number of taste buds are associated with the:

a. nasal cavity.

b. tongue papillae.

c. cheek.

d. pharynx.

7. Water that is colder (even down to freezing) than environmental temperature is readily accepted by chickens and turkeys, whereas they may refuse water (that sitting in the sun) that is higher than their body temperature.

a. True

b. False

8. Which one of the following is not associated with gustation in animals?

a. Papillae, taste buds, tongue

b. Taste pore, pit, taste hairs

c. Pleasant, unpleasant, indifferent

d. Pheromone

SMELL

9. A chemical odorous signal secreted by one animal to influence the behavior of another animal is known as a:

a. pheromone.

b. scent.

c. perfume.

d. pheroscent.

0. Which one of the following cells from the olfactory region might provide for return of the smell sensation after olfactory receptor cell destruction?

a.

b. Olfactory receptor cells

c. Basal cells

11. Pheromones are associated with which one of the following special senses?

a. Taste

b. Smell

c. Hearing

d. Vision

.2. Which one of the following statements best explains why most domestic animals are macrosmatic?

a. Individual receptors are more sensitive

b. Better able to sniff

c. Have a more extensive epithelium containing the receptors

.3. Which one of the following is not associated with olfaction in animals?

a. Pica

b. Sniffing

c. Adaptation

d. Macrosmatic, microsmatic, anosmatic

HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM

.4. High-frequency sounds are dissipated (and thus stimulate appropriate cells for the sense of hearing):

a. near the base of the cochlea (closest to the vestibule).

b. near the tip of the cochlea (farthest from the vestibule).

c. near the base of the semicircular canals.

d. in the curved portion of the semicircular canals.

1.5. Muscles in the middle ear that are attached to the auditory ossicles:

a. amplify sound waves.

b. protect the ear from excessive amplification.

c. help direct sound waves into the ear canal.

.6. The movement of fluid in the membranous semicircular canals moves hair cells of the ampullae therein. This apprises the brain about:

a. equilibrium.

b. hearing.

c. smell.

d. pain.

1.7. Which component of the ear relies on fluid conduction of sound waves for its function?

a. External ear

b. Middle ear

c. Vestibular apparatus

d. Cochlea

8. Equalization of pressure between the middle ear and the body exterior is accomplished by way of the:

a. pinna.

b. ear canal.

c. auditory tube (eustachian tube).

d. cochlear duct.

.9. What proprioceptive sensory organ is present in the middle ear skeletal muscles that respond to stretch and dampen loud sounds?

a. Bare nerve endings

b. Muscle spindle

c. Golgi tendon organ

d. Pacinian corpuscle

:0. The observation of a pig with its head tilted and an awkward sense of body balance (equilibrium) would indicate malfunction within the:

a.

b. cochlear structure of the inner ear.

c. vestibular structure of the middle ear.

d. cochlear structure of the middle ear.

»1. The first fluid displaced by the inward movement of the stapes is:

a. endolymph in the scala media (cochlear duct).

b. endolymph in the vestibule.

c. perilymph in the vestibule.

d. perilymph in the scala media.

:2. The sensory receptor of the inner ear that converts sound energy to a nerve impulse is known as the:

a. organ of Corti.

b. crista ampullaris.

c. macula.

d. harmonica.

VISION

13. A green dye placed into the conjunctival sac of a horse should later appear in the nasal cavity (near the nostrils) if the nasolacrimal apparatus is functioning properly.

a. True

b. False

:4. The fluid that provides nutrition to the avascular (without blood supply) cornea and lens is:

a. vitreous humor.

b. good humor.

c. aqueous humor.

d. endolymph.

15. The radially arranged muscles of the iris that dilate the pupil are innervated by the:

a. sympathetic division of the autonomics.

b. parasympathetic division of the autonomics.

:6. The tear film:

a. has little function.

b. provides optical, mechanical, lubricating, and bactericidal functions.

c. is a good movie.

d. is secreted by glands in the nasal cavity.

>7. Animals with eyes that are placed well forward on the head (such as the cat) have a more extensive field of vision than animals with eyes placed laterally, but have a more restricted binocular vision.

a. True

b. False

:8. Which one of the following statements about the ciliary body is false?

a. It is a part of the vascular tunic

b. Contains ciliary muscles that when contracted decrease the tension on the lens ligaments, causing the lens to become more convex

c. Has secretory processes known as choroid plexus

d. Ciliary muscles within are poorly developed in most domestic animals

:9. The function of the tapetum is to:

a.

b. focus light on the retina.

c. reflect light back to rod cells in the retina.

d. secrete aqueous humor.

0. Which one of the following statements about the cornea is false?

a. The ratio of corneal area to eyeball area varies among animal species

b. Devoid of blood vessels

c. Well supplied with bare nerve endings for pain reception

d. Normally clear because of random arrangement of collagen fibers

}1. Which one of the following statements about the retina is false?

a. The light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) are on the inside (nearest,vitreous)

b. Has the highest metabolic rate per unit of weight of any tissue in the body

c. May be damaged by deficiency or excess of oxygen

d. Appears black because of outer pigment layer (in choroid if have tapetum)

(2. Dark adaptation (greater vision in the dark) implies a depletion of rhodopsin.

a. True

b. False

13. The cornea is normally clear and transparent because the collagen fibers (stroma):

a. have a lamellar (parallel) arrangement.

b. are randomly arranged.

c. have a good blood supply.

d. have a poor oxygen supply.

',4∙ For the lens to become more convex and to increase convergence of incoming light, the ciliary muscles must:

a. relax.

b. contract.

15. It seems that accommodation in domestic animals (as judged by ciliary muscle development) is:

a. limited, and some may have auxiliary features.

b. well developed in all species.

[6. What are the two avascular structures of the eye that receive nutrition and have waste products removed by the aqueous humor?

a. Retina and choroid

b. Iris and ciliary muscles

c. Lens and cornea

d. Aqueous collecting veins and sclera

J7. An expanded field of vision with more limited binocular vision would be noted in animals that have:

a. more laterally placed eyes.

b. more forward placed eyes.

c. a centrally placed eye.

8. When someone asks you what causes eyeshine in animals, you are now able to say that it is due to reflective cells in the inner choroid known as the:

a. cone.

b. vitreous body.

c. ramp retina.

d. tapetum.