SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 16

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF FEMALE MAMMARY GLANDS

1. The milk well is the:

a. location of milk storage.

b. same as the external pudendal vein.

c. location where the subcutaneous abdominal vein disappears and joins the internal thoracic vein.

d. exit location of vessels through the inguinal ring.

2. The function of the mammary gland suspensory apparatus is to:

a. provide upward support.

b. absorb shock when a cow runs or walks and the udder is full.

c. allow movement and stretch from the elastic element when the cow is lying down.

d. all of the above.

3. The milk-secreting unit of the mammary gland is the:

a. myoepithelial cell.

b. alveolus.

c. lactiferous sinus.

d. interlobular duct.

4. Tissue with potential for assisting retention of milk within the udder between milkings coupled with their secretion of a bacteriostatic agent is known as the:

a. teat canal.

b. longitudinal and circular folds in the wall of the teat cistern.

c. rosette of Furstenberg.

d. parenchyma.

MAMMOGENESIS

5. Growth and development of the mammary gland is known as:

a. mammogenesis.

b. lactogenesis.

c. mammary gland regression.

d. all of the above.

6. Most mammary gland growth occurs during:

a. the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycles.

b. pregnancy.

c. lactation.

LACTOGENESIS AND LACTATION

7. Which one of the anterior pituitary hormones is essential for the initiation of milk secretion (lactogenesis)?

a. Oxytocin

b. Estradiol

c. Prolactin

d. Progesterone

8. Which one of the following hormones must be withdrawn at the time of parturition in the cow for the mammary gland alveolar cells to begin milk secretion?

a. Progesterone

b. Estrogen

c. Prostaglandins

d. Prolactin

9. Estrogen increases in the cow toward the end of gestation. What is the significance of the increase to lactogenesis?

a.

b. Prevents the formation of prolactin

c. Directs nutrients to the mammary gland for milk synthesis

d. Stimulates the secretion of prolactin and some other hormones from the anterior pituitary

0. Which one of the following hormones is most important for maintenance of lactation in cows?

a. Prolactin

b. Growth hormone

11. What is the relationship of parathyroid hormone to the maintenance of lactation?

a. Increases metabolic rate

b. Assists transport of glucose into alveolar epithelium

c. Increases plasma concentration of calcium

d. Stimulates alveolar protein synthesis

COMPOSITION OF MILK

.2. Which one of the following statements best describes colostrum?

a. The secretions of the colon

b. Food material mixed with stomach secretions

c. The last-drawn milk at a particular milking, which is higher in fat content

d. The first milk drawn after birth of the young, which is high in vitamin A and high in immunoglobulins

.3. The major part of the milk proteins are the:

a. lactalbumins.

b. caseins.

c. lactoglobulins.

d. immunoglobulins.

MILK REMOVAL AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

.4. Which one of the following hormones causes contraction of the alveolar myoepithelial cells resulting in milk letdown?

a. ADH

b. Relaxin

c. Oxytocin

d. Secretin

15. With continued milk secretion, alveolar pressure increases. What happens when alveolar, duct, and sinus accommodation is exceeded?

a. Milk secretion ceases.

b. Teat canal sphincter and rosette of Furstenberg retention potential is overcome and milk

leaks to ground.

c. Milk is reabsorbed.

d. Cows get mean.