Gastroesophageal intussusception

Gastroesophageal intussusception is an invagination of all or parts of the stomach into the thoracic esophagus. In general it occurs uncommonly, but is most frequently seen in puppies, though it has also been reported in adult dogs and cats.^78-80 Predisposing factors may include megaesophagus and incom­petency of the gastroesophageal sphincter.

The clinical signs are those of esophageal obstruction and in­clude regurgitation, pain, dysphagia, dyspnea, and hemateme- sis; the signs are usually acute and severe. Death is possible and thought to be mainly due to decreased venous return. Survey radiographs are usually diagnostic showing a soft tissue mass in the distal esophagus and a dilated proximal esophagus (Fig­ure 3.14). Gastric rugal folds may also be seen within the esophagus. Endoscopy may be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool and will reveal rugal folds within the distal esophagus.¹⁶ Surgery is usually required after stabilization of the patient.⁷⁹ One report described the successful use of constant air insuf­flation through an endoscope.¹⁰

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