Index
a
AAALAC-Int see Association for the Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
AASRP see American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners
Abdomen
coccidiosis 489, 490
distension 445-447, 611-612 examination 17
hernia 86 location of liver 566, 567 obstructive urolithiasis treatment 624 physical examination 17 subcutaneous swellings 85-87 ultrasound, reproductive system 646, 647
Abdominal pain
or colic 447-448
hepatic disease diagnosis 571 infectious causes 447-448 mechanical causes 447 peritonitis 448 toxicoses 448
urolithiasis 448
Abdominocentesis 438-439
ABLV see Australian bat lyssavirus Abomasum 436, 500, 567
Abortion 650-669, 854
changes in placentas 651, 652t diagnostic samples for testing 651t diagnostic workup 650-652 early abortion 652-653
hybrid spp.
652-653 nutritional factors 653 prevention by flushing 653 toxoplasmosis 653gestational age of tropical breeds 650-651, 651t herd management and preventive medicine 897
inherited abortion of Angoras 14,
15t, 667-668
late abortion
Akabane virus 654-655
brucellosis 658-660
Cache Valley virus 654-655 campylobacteriosis 660 chlamydiosis 655-657
infectious causes 653-667 leptospirosis 660-661 listeriosis 661
miscellaneous infections 664-667 non-infectious causes 667-669
Q fever 657-658
salmonellosis 661-662
Schmallenberg virus 654-655 toxoplasmosis 662-664
Abscess
abdominal, C. pseudotuberculosis 448 actinomycosis 77-78
biting cheek 76
bone damage by disbudding paste 824 caseous lymphadenitis 69-74, 79, 408-409, 734
of cheek, cud retention 75 dehorning 77
of feet and digital dermatitis 139-144 of head 75, 76-78
of liver 576-577 meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses 236-239
of neck and chest 75, 79
other than caseous lymphadentitis 79
Streptococcus spp.
68tissue necrosis caused by injection 79 osteomyelitis 135 from other wounds 77 of parotid lymph node 69 of popliteal lymph node 69-70, 70 of retropharyngeal lymph nodes 399 sternal 84-85 tooth root 75, 77
Trueperella pyogenes and bacterial
mastitis 748
udder, weight loss 787
umbilical 86
Absence of feces or constipation 448
Absence of hair 14, 15t
Absence of skin 28
Acacia berlandieri 257
Acacia karoo 521
Acanthospermum hispidum 349, 689 Acetyl CoA 249
Acholeplasma laidlawii 757
Acid degree values (ADV) 760
Acid detergent fiber (ADF) 833,
835, 835-836
Acidification of urine 627
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) 106, 215
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis basic caprine immunology 320 cryptosporidiosis 494, 497 raw milk and other safety issues 763
ACSRPC see American Consortium for
Small Ruminant Parasite Control ACTH see adrenocorticotropic hormone Actinobacillosis 37, 77
Actinobacillus lignieresii 77
Actinobacillus seminis 691
Actinomyces bovis 77-78
Actinomycosis 37, 77-78 Acupuncture analgesia 807-808
Addison's disease 631
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent sodium potassium pump 249
ADF see acid detergent fiber
ADGA see American Dairy Goat Association ADH see antidiuretic hormone
Adhering and effacing Escherichia coli
(AEEC) 531
Administering medications
injections 7
oral medications 6-7
Adrenal glands 630-631
anatomy 630
clinical disease 631
pathology 631
physiology 631
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 631
Adult dehorning 821-822
ADV see acid degree values
Aedes spp. 455
Wesselsbron disease 575-576
AEEC see adhering and effacing
Escherichia coli
Aethusa cynapium 258
Afibrinogenemia 14, 15t, 324
Agar gel immunodiffusion
(AGID) 217-218
bluetongue 460
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112, 114 paratuberculosis 480-481, 483-484 peste des petits ruminants 452, 453 retroviral mastitis (hard udder) 758
Agave Iecheguilla 592-593
Age
determination from teeth 435
determination of fetus by
ultrasound 647
nutrition, mohair 24
Ageratina altissima 764
Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) 841-843
AIDS see acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Akabane virus disease 14, 15t
clinical findings 124
clinical pathology and necropsy 124-125 diagnosis 125
epidemiology 123-124
etiology 123
hydrocephalus 78
infectious causes of late
abortion 654-655
pathogenesis 124
and related orthobunyaviruses 123-125 treatment and control 125
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 567, 568, 856-857, 861
Albendazole 508-509, 509t
Albizia spp.
258, 374, 377Alkaline phosphatase (AP) 98, 99t, 567, 568t, 588
Alkaloids, secretion in milk 764
Allergy or hypersensitivity 55
Alopecia 27
Alopecia areata 55
Alopecic exfoliative dermatitis 55
Alopecic lesion caused by
parelaphostrongylosis 47
Alphaherpesvirus 614-618
Alpha mannosidosis 256-257
Alpine goats, lactation curves 860
ALT see alanine aminotransferase
Altered mental state or behavior 188
Althesin 806
Alveolar sounds 393
Amaurosis 306-308
blindness versus failure to blink 307 blindness versus severe depression or toxemia 307
coenurosis 307-308
enterotoxemia 307 hydrocephalus 307 lead poisoning 307 miscellaneous causes of central
blindness 308 polioencephalomalacia 307 residual blindness 308 vitamin A deficiency 307
Amblyomma spp. 374-378, 461
AMDUCA see Animal Medicinal Drug Use
Clarification Act
American Association of Small Ruminant
Practitioners (AASRP) 3
American Consortium for Small Ruminant
Parasite Control
(ACSRPC) 517-518
American Dairy Goat Association
(ADGA) 317
American Sheep Industry Association 2-3 Amino acetonitrile derivatives 512-513 Aminoglycosides 132, 235-236, 353,
472-473, 497, 605
Amorimia septentrionalis 156 Amphistomes 381-382
Amplitude depth ultrasound 645 Amputation limb 135, 165 mastectomy 748, 751-753
AMR see Antimicrobial resistance
Amyloidosis
late abortion 668
renal 604-639
weight loss 789
Analgesia
see also anesthesia acupuncture 807-808 dehorning 822-823 local and regional 800-803
Anaphylaxis 417
Anaplasma phagocytophilum 330-332 see also tick-borne fever
Anaplasmosis
clinical findings 328
clinical pathology and necropsy 328-329 control 329
diagnosis 329
epidemiology 327-328 etiology 327
late abortion 666 leptospirosis 333-334 pathogenesis 328
treatment 329
Anasarca (fetal hydrops) 677
Anatomic distinctions between goats and sheep 3
Anatomy of superficial caprine musculature 96, 97
Ancyclostomidae spp.
499Andromedotoxin 444
Anemia
blood loss anemia 325
due to impaired erythropoiesis 325, 326-327t
hemolytic anemia causes 325 kale anemia 348-349
liver 571
lancet fluke infection 588
toxic hepatitis 591
white liver disease 589
nematode gastroenteritis 506 plant-related other than Brassica 349 plant toxicity 348-349
response to 317
Anesthesia 799-816
cesarean section 678
euthanasia and slaughter 811 intubation 808-809
local and regional 800-803 mastectomy, treatment of gangrenous mastitis 752
musculoskeletal system 102 penile translocation 698 postsurgical pain relief 810-811 preanesthetic considerations and tranquilization 808
precautions 809-810
single and combination agents 803-808
Angiography 370
Angora goats
bipartite scrotum 14, 15t
coccidiosis 488
cryptorchidism 14, 15t, 690 enterotoxemia 464
excessive facial hair 14, 15t feeding 869-871
heartwater (cowdriosis) 376-378
herd management and preventive medicine 895-898
hyperadrenocorticism and abortion 631 inherited abortion 667-668
inherited abortion in South African
Angora goats 14, 15t
Angora goats (cont’d) kid growth 870-871 mohair 23, 24
obstructive urolithiasis 621 progressive paresis 14, 15t, 267-268 short tendons 14, 15t ulcerative posthitis 618
ventral edema 86
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
(APHIS) 10, 208, 483
Animal density and respiratory
system 396-397
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification
Act (AMDUCA) 508
Animal Welfare Act (AWA) 10-11 Anterior epidural anesthesia 802-803 Anterior uveitis
causes 304
ocular system 303-304
treatment 304
Anthelmintics
milk production 764-765 nematode gastroenteritis 508-515, 509t prevention and control 519-520 resistance to 513-518
parelaphostrongylosis and elaphostrongylosis (parasites) 241-242
protostrongylids 414
Anthrax 334-335
clinical findings and diagnosis 335 etiology and epidemiology 334-335 treatment and control 335
Antibiotic therapy aminoglycosides 132, 235-236, 353,
472-473, 497, 605 anaplasmosis 329 bacterial mastitis 749-750 caseous lymphadenitis 72 coccidiosis 491, 492t contagious ovine digital
dermatitis 142-143 dehorning 822 enterotoxemia 468 extralabel use in pneumonia 416 failure of transfer of passive
immunity 353 listeriosis 231
marsupialization, obstructive urolithiasis treatment 627
meningoencephalitis and brain
abscesses 238-239
milk production 764-765 mycoplasma arthritis 132-133 pneumonia
aspiration pneumonia 416
treatment and prophylaxis 416-417 pregnancy toxemia 857 prolapsed uterus 679
Anticoccidial drugs 491 Anticonvulsants 233
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 607 Anti-inflammatories 241-242, 625, 811 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) 472, 535 diarrhea in young kids 535 impact on caprine medicine viii microbial sensitivity testing 394 organically raised goats 901 salmonellosis 472
treatment of pneumonia 416 Antimycobacterial drugs 482-483 Anti-spasmodics 623
Antitoxins 467-468
Anuria (urinary system) 613 Aortic rupture 372
AP see alkaline phosphatase
APHIS see Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Aphthovirus see foot and mouth disease Argosidae tick spp.
247Arrhythmias 373-374
Arthritis
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis bacterial polyarthritis 133-135 breeding buck 696-697 chlamydial 104, 134
feeding bucks and pet goats 869 mycoplasma arthritis 125-133
Arthrocentesis analysis 101-102 Arthrogryposis 14, 15t, 123, 125, 267, 268, 654
Artificial insemination 689
Artificial vaginas (AVs) 686 Ascites 571
Asclepias spp. 189, 190, 257, 371, 872t Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST) 567, 568t
cardiovascular system 370 copper poisoning 346-347 immune system 349 lactational ketosis 861 musculoskeletal system 98, 99t, 100 nutritional muscular dystrophy 147-148 pregnancy toxemia 856-857 toxicological diseases of the
liver 590-591
Aspiration of fluid from thorax 396
Aspiration pneumonia 415-416
iatrogenic 415
neurologic causes of dysphagia 415 nutritional muscular dystrophy 415 plant poisoning 416
Association for the Assessment and
Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care, International
(AAALAC-Int) 10-11
AST see aspartate aminotransferase
Astragalus spp. 256-257, 306, 764
Ataxia 148, 190
Atlantal bursitis 84
Atresia ani 14, 15t
Atresia coli 14, 15t
Atrophy of testicles 689-690
ATryn® 10
Atypical scrapie (Nor98) 198-199, 201-202, 204-207, 209-210
Aujesky's disease see pseudorabies Auscultation of lungs 393-394 Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) 192
Autolysis and sudden death 797-798 Avermectins 510, 513-514
AVs see artificial vaginas
AWA see Animal Welfare Act
Azadirachta indica plant 258
b
Babesiosis 333-337
clinical pathology and necropsy 336-337
clinical signs 336 diagnosis 337 epidemiology 336 etiology 335-336 pathogenesis 336 treatment 337
Bacillus spp. 575, 744, 750-751, 764
Bacterial causes for weight
loss 785-787
Bacterial diseases
digestive system 463-485 enterotoxemia 463-469 paratuberculosis 476-485 salmonellosis 469-473 yersiniosis 473-476 hemic-lymphatic system 332-335 anthrax 334-335 leptospirosis 332-334
liver and pancreas 576-577 musculoskeletal system 125-144
bacterial polyarthritis 133-135 clostridial myositis and myonecrosis 137-139
foot scald, rot, abscess, and digital dermatitis 139-144
Lyme disease 136-137 mycoplasma arthritis 125-133 osteomyelitis 135-136
nervous system 226-239
botulism 234-236
Clostridium perfringens type D enterotoxemia 236
listeriosis 226-232 meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses 236-239
tetanus 232-234
skin
actinobacillosis 37
actinomycosis 37
Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis 37
dermatophilosis 35-37 mycobacteriosis 37 staphylococcal dermatitis 34-35
Bacterial examination and skin disease 29
Bacterial infection and cachexia, weight loss 786-787
Bacterial mastitis 743-756
dry-off procedures and dry-period therapy 753
organisms and clinical
syndromes 743-749
Bacillus 744
brucellosis 744
coliforms 744
Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis 744 gangrenous mastitis 746-747 Listeria 744-745
Mannheimia 745
miscellaneous 748-749 Mycobacterium infections 745 non-aureus staphylococci 747 other streptococci 748
Pseudomonas 745
Q fever 745-746
Staphylococcus aureus 746
Streptococcus agalactiae 747-748 prevention 753-756
dry-period therapy 755 environmental considerations 754 milking machine function 754-755 milking parlor design 754 milking procedures 754
nutrition 756
teat dips 755
vaccination 755-756
supportive therapy 751
treatment 749-751
antibiotic residue avoidance 750 with antibiotics 749-750
choice of antibiotic 749-750 false-positive inhibitor tests 750-751 gangrenous mastitis 751-753 infusion techniques 750
lactation with antibiotics 749
Bacterial pneumonia
caseous lymphadenitis abscesses of lungs 408-409
melioidosis and rhodococcal
pneumonia 410
Pasteurella and Mannheimia 407-408 tuberculosis 409-410
Bacterial polyarthritis 133-135
clinical pathology and necropsy 134 clinical signs 134
control 135
diagnosis 134
epidemiology 134
etiology and pathogenesis 133-134 treatment 134-135
Bacterial rhinitis 398
Balanoposthitis 612, 614-618
Bandaging, dehorning 823
Banding, castration 700
Barbervax® 522
Barbiturates 803, 804
BDV see border disease virus
Beeswax (bandaging following
dehorning) 823
Behavior see Goat behavior
Bentleg 151-152
Benzimidazoles 241-242
intestinal cestodiasis or tapeworms 527 nematode gastroenteritis 509-516, 509t, 516
paramphistomiasis or rumen flukes 524 Besnoitiosis 48, 144, 300, 692 Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) 856, 857 Beta mannosidosis 265-267
clinical findings 266
clinical pathology and necropsy 266 diagnosis 266-267
epidemiology 265
in Nubian goats 14, 15t
pathogenesis 265-266
treatment and control 267
Biopsy
kidneys 611
liver and pancreas 570-571
lungs 396
skin 29
Bioworma® 522
Bipartite scrotum in Angora goats 14, 15t
Biting cheek, abscess 76
Biting flies 40
Bladder
see also urinary system marsupialization, obstructive urolithiasis treatment 626, 627
obstructive urolithiasis treatment 627 urinary calculi 610, 611
Bleeding disorders 324
Bleeding tendency, hepatic disease diagnosis 572
Blind grass 306
Blind intubation 809
Blindness
amaurosis 307-308 chorioretinopathy 306 cranial nerves and evaluation 296 versus failure to blink 307
versus severe depression or toxemia 307 weight loss 785
“Blind staggers” 257
Blind udder halves 730
Blinking 307
Bloat 445-447, 527-529
clinical pathology and necropsy 528
clinical signs 528
control 529
diagnosis 528
epidemiology 528
etiology and pathogenesis 527-528 treatment 528-529
Blood
see also hemic-lymphatic system anemia 324-325, 326-327t basic caprine hematology 314-319 bleeding disorders 324
coagulation parameters 319, 320t diarrheal and other gastrointestinal diseases 438, 439t
disease diagnosis by presenting
sign 324-327
gas measurements 394
hemoglobin 315-317, 336-337 leukocyte parameters 318-319 leukograms 319
parameters of flow 367
plasma parameters 315
platelet parameters 319
pressure and anesthesia 809-810 response to anemia 317 specific diseases 327-349
bacterial diseases 332-335 protozoal diseases 335-344 toxicological diseases 344-349 transfusions 317-318 types 317
Blood agar, Staphylococcus aureus and bacterial mastitis 746
Blood sugar 631, 856-857
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 610, 614, 834, 857
Bloody milk 760
Bluetongue 34, 454-461
clinical findings 458-459
Bluetongue (cont’d)
clinical pathology and necropsy 460 contagious ovine digital
dermatitis 141-142
control 460-461 diagnosis 460 epidemiology 455-458
etiology 455
global distribution of serotypes 456, 457t late abortion 664
pathogenesis 458
treatment 460
BoDV see Borna disease
Body condition scoring 13, 852-853
Body localization and skin disease diagnosis 28
BoHV see bovine herpesvirus
Bone
damage by disbudding paste 824 fluorosis 155-158
growth 96-97
marrow 314-315
Borax intoxication 261
Border disease virus (BDV) 14,
15t, 219-221
chorioretinopathy 306
clinical findings 220
clinical pathology and necropsy 220-221 control 221
diagnosis 221
epidemiology 219-220 etiology 219
late abortion 664-665 pathogenesis 220 treatment 221
Borellia burgdorferi 136-137
Borna disease 222-224
clinical findings 223
clinical pathology and necropsy 223-224 diagnosis 224
epidemiology 222-223 etiology 222
infectious keratoconjunctivitis 299 treatment and control 224
Boron intoxication 261
Bots, nasal 397-398
Bottle jaw 75, 78, 506
Botulism 234-236
clinical findings 235
clinical pathology and necropsy 235 control 236 diagnosis 235
epidemiology 234-235
etiology and pathogenesis 234 treatment 235-236
Bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) 614-615, 618
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
(BRSV) 400
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
(BSE) 197, 209-214
clinical findings and diagnosis 213-214 clinical pathology and necropsy 204, 205, 214
control 214
epidemiology 210-213
etiology and pathogenesis 209-210
L-type 211
Bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) 664-665
Bowing deformities 105, 151, 151-152
Brachygnathia superior or inferior 14, 15t Brain abscess 236-239
dehorning 824
Brassica spp.
amaurosis 308
kale anemia 348-349
Bred doelings and dry does, management of 892
Breeding season 643
Breeding soundness examination of the buck 686-688
physical examination 686
scrotal circumference 686-687
semen collection 687-688
Bright blindness, chorioretinopathy 306
Bromide intoxication 261
Bronchoalveolar lavage 395
Bronchovesicular sounds 393
BRSV see bovine respiratory syncytial virus
Brucella spp. 744
abortus 474
melitensis 342, 659, 697
ovis 691-692
Brucellosis 658-660
clinical signs 659
control 659-660
diagnosis 658 etiology 658 pathogenesis and epidemiology 659 testicular abnormalities 691-692
BSE see bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bucks
see also penis; testicles
descenting 826
and doe in estrus 641, 642 feeding 868-869
herd management and preventive medicine 894-895
maturation of penis 685, 694 odor and off-flavored milk 761 penile and preputial abnormalities 694 reproductive system 684-689 sperm granulomas 692-693 morphology 687-688
semen collection 687-688
semen motility and concentration 688
semen processing for artificial insemination 689
subcutaneous swellings, head 78 surgery of male reproductive
tract 697-701
swelled head 78
urethral process, extending beyond glans penis 606, 606-607
urethral recess 607 vesicular glands 684
Bulbourethral glands of the buck 684 BUN see blood urea nitrogen
Bunostomum spp. 47, 502, 511, 512 Burdizzo castration 700-701
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) spp. 308, 410, 691, 745
Burns induced by fire 51
Burttia prunoides plant 258
Butane-heated dehorner 819
Butterfat 761-762
BVD see bovine virus diarrhea
B vitamins 838
Byrsocarpus coccineus shrub 258
C
Cache Valley virus (CVV) 14, 15t,
123,654-655
Cachexia, weight loss 786-787
Cadaba rotundifolia 441
CAE see caprine arthritis encephalitis CAEV see caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
Calcium
dietary requirements and supplementation 839-840
musculoskeletal system 99t, 100 pregnancy toxemia 856-857
signs of deficiency or excess 839 Calcium carbonate calculi of the urinary system 622, 623
Calculi of the urinary system 610, 611, 621, 622, 622, 623
see also obstructive urolithiasis Calculogenic solutes in urine 627-628 California mastitis test (CMT)
cell enumeration and mastitis diagnosis 739-740
mycoplasma arthritis 133
Caltrop, toxic hepatitis of the liver 592 CAMP tests 748
Campylobacteriosis 660 Campylobacterjejuni 333
Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE)
arthritic 106-116
clinical findings 110-112
clinical pathology and
necropsy 112-113
clinical progression of goats with carpal arthritis 111
control 114
culling or separation 116
diagnosis 113 epidemiology 107-108 etiology 106-107 failure to extend limbs 105 imaging techniques 101 joint swelling 104 nutritional muscular dystrophy 148 pathogenesis 109-110 periodic serologic testing 115-116 raising kids free of disease 114-115 transmission 108-109
treatment 114
chronic wasting 781-783, 785-787 mastitic
cell counts 742
NAGase 743
raw milk and home
pasteurization 763
retroviral mastitis (hard
udder) 758-759
udder edema 736
neurologic 215-219
clinical findings 217
clinical pathology and necropsy 217-218 diagnosis 218
epidemiology 216
etiology 215-216 pathogenesis 216-217
treatment and control 218-219
pneumonic
aspiration pneumonia 415
bacterial pneumonia 407-408 clinical examination of respiratory tract 390-391
interstitial pneumonia 401 neoplasia of upper respiratory tract 398-399
signs and causes of respiratory disease 390t
transmission via needles 7
Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) 106-107,215-216,401-402
Caprine encephalomyelomalacia 270 Caprine hematology 314-319
anatomic considerations 314
blood and plasma parameters 315
bone marrow 314-315 enthrocyte parameters 315-316 hemoglobin 315-317 leukocyte parameters 318-319 leukograms 319 platelet parameters 319 response to anemia 317
Caprine herpesvirus 34, 397, 614-618 enzootic pneumonia 411 erosive lesions of the penis 616 late abortion 665
Caprine herpesvirus
vulvovaginitis 612, 680 and balanoposthitis 614-618 clinical findings 616-617 clinical pathology and necropsy 617 control 617-618 diagnosis 617 epidemiology 615 etiology 614-615 pathogenesis 615-616 treatment 617
Caprine immunology 319-324 see also immune system
Caprine lymphocyte antigen
(CLA) 323-324
Caprine mucopolysaccharidosis-IIID 303
Caprine skeleton 96, 96
Capripox 32-33
clinical signs 32-33 control 33 diagnosis 33 etiology and pathogenesis 32 macules 32
Captive bolt (euthanasia) 811, 812
CAR see cilia-associated respiratory bacillus Carbamate neurotoxicities 261-263 clinical findings 262
clinical pathology and necropsy 263 diagnosis 263
etiology and epidemiology 261, 262t pathogenesis 261-262 treatment and control 263
Carbon tetrachloride 591
Cardiovascular system 366-388
see also blood
cardiotoxic plants 371 clinical background
information 366-370 anatomy and physiology 366-367 diagnostic methods 367-368 disease diagnosis by presenting
sign 370-373 abnormal heart sounds 373 arrhythmias 373-374 congestive heart failure 374 sudden death 370-373 specific diseases 374-382 heartwater 374-378 pulmonary edema 417 schistosomosis 378-382
Carpal arthritis due to caprine arthritis encephalitis virus 111
Carpal epiphysitis 151
Caruncular amyloidosis 668
Caseous lymphadenitis 69-74, 79, 734
antibiotic therapy 72
clinical signs 69-70
diagnosis 70-71
etiology 69
herd eradication and control
programs 72-73
pathogenesis 69
surgical treatment 71-72 vaccination 73 weight loss 786
zoonotic potential 74
Caseous lymphadenitis abscess in
lungs 408-409
clinical and necropsy signs 408
diagnosis 408-409
prevention 409
treatment 409
Cashgora 25
Cashmere goats 25
anthrax 335
cashmere production 25, 871
feeding 869-871
fluorosis 156
global geographic distribution 2
herd management and preventive medicine 896
Castration 699-701, 897-898
Burdizzo 700-701
chemical 701
manipulating of testes into inguinal ring 701
rubber rings and banding 700 surgical 699-700
Cataracts 303, 304
Cathelidicins, mastitis testing 743 Caudal epidural block 802
CBPP see contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
CCPP see contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
CDC see Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
cDNA, beta mannosidosis 265
Cecum 436, 500-501
Cell enumeration and mastitis diagnosis 738-742
California mastitis test 739-740
Cell enumeration and mastitis
diagnosis (cont’d)
cell counts and cheese yields 742
cell counts in course of normal lactation 740-741
cell counts in mastitis 741-742
Coulter counter 740 cytoplasmic particles and epithelial cells 738
DeLaval™ cell counters 740 direct microscopic somatic cell
count 738-739
Fossomatic™ counters 740 interpretation of reports and counting methods 738
teepol test 739-740
Wisconsin mastitis test 740
Cell-mediated immune (CMI)
response 321,323,480-481 Cellulitis and abscess 68 Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA
(FDA-CVM) 10-11
Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) 763 Central nervous system (CNS) see also nervous system anatomy and physiology 184 Astragalus poisoning 256-257 border disease virus 220
CAEV and MVV 216-217
cranial nerve deficits 188-189 cranial nerve function 186t listeriosis 231
neurologic examination 184 parelaphostrongylosis and
elaphostrongylosis 241-242 strongyloidosis 244
West Nile encephalomyelitis 225-226 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
amaurosis, vitamin A deficiency 307 analysis 184-186
anatomy and physiology 184 CAEV and MMV 218 collection 184-186
enzootic ataxia and swayback 253 listeriosis 230 meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses 238
normal values for constituents 187t parelaphostrongylosis and elaphostrongylosis 241, 242 seteriasis 243
tetanus 233
Cervical dilation, failure of 675-676
Cervical tumors 681
Cesarean section 678-679
aftercare 679 anesthesia and surgical approach 678 pregnancy toxemia 858 surgical techniques 678-679
Cestode infections of goats 526t Cestodiasis 144, 525-527, 788 cestode infections of goats 526t clinical pathology and necropsy 527 clinical signs 527 control 527 diagnosis 527 epidemiology 526 etiology and pathology 525-526 treatment 527
Cestrum aurantiacum 441 CF see complement fixation Cheek
biting and abscess 76 retention of cud 75
Cheese yields 742
Chemical castration 701
Chemical control of skin external parasites 38, 39t
Chemical-related causes of toxic hepatitis 591-592
Chemosis and slight ocular discharge, infectious keratoconjunctivitis 300 Chest
examination 16-17 subcutaneous swellings 79-85
Chlamydial arthritis 104, 134 Chlamydial conjunctivitis 299, 301 Chlamydia spp. and keratoconjunctivitis 298, 299
Chlamydiosis 403, 406 abortion 655-657 clinical signs 655 diagnosis 655-656 epidemiology and pathogenesis 655 etiology 655 prevention 656 treatment 656 zoonotic potential 656-657 Chlorinated hydrocarbons 263-264 clinical findings 264 clinical pathology and necropsy 264 diagnosis 264 etiology and epidemiology 263 pathogenesis 264 treatment and control 264 Chlorpromazine 265 Cholecystography 571 Cholinergic agonists 511-512 Chorioptic mange 44-45 clinical signs and diagnosis 44 epidemiology 44 therapy 44-45
Chorioretinitis 305
Chorioretinopathy 305-306
Chromosomes and intersex
disorders 681-684
Chronic bacterial infection and
cachexia 786-787
Chronic mastitis, weight loss 787
Chronic selenium poisoning 158-159
clinical pathology and necropsy 159 clinical signs 159
etiology and epidemiology 158-159 treatment and control 159
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) 197
Chronic weight loss 781-791
Chrysocoma ciliata 52, 872
Chrysomya bezziana 41
CIDR see controlled internal drug releaser
Cilia-associated respiratory (CAR)
bacillus 400
Circling 189-190
CJD see Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
CK see creatine kinase
CLA see caprine lymphocyte antigen
Classical scrapie 198-202, 204-207
clinical pathology and necropsy 206-207
clinical signs 202, 203t
control 207, 208t, 209
diagnosis 207
epidemiology 199-200
etiology 198
pathogenesis 201-202
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) 219
Cleft palate 14, 15t, 790
Clethra arborea 444
Clinical examination of goats 7-12
cloned goats 10-12
diseases by chronic infection or carrier state 7, 8t
genetically modified goats 10-12 history taking 7-8
hobby farms 9
intensively managed goats 9 organic goat production 9-10 range and pastured goats 9
“Cloisonne kidney” (symmetrical cortical siderosis) 605
Cloned goats 10-12
see also transgenic goats
Closed environments and transgenic goat management 905-906
Clostridial myositis and myonecrosis 137-139
clinical pathology and necropsy 138
clinical signs 137-138
control 138-139
diagnosis 138
epidemiology 137
etiology and pathogenesis 137
treatment 138
Clostridium botulinum, botulism 234-236
Clostridium chauvoei 137
Clostridium novyi 137
Clostridium perfringens
amaurosis 307 enterotoxemia 236, 307, 463-469 herd management and preventive medicine 898
neonatal diarrhea complex 532, 534-536 Polioencephalomalacia 251
vaccine combined with tetanus 234 Clostridium septicum 137 Clostridium sordelli 137
Clostridium tetani 232-234 Clustered, regularly interspaced short
palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) 11 CMI see cell-mediated immune response CMT see California mastitis test CNS see central nervous system Coagulase-negative staphylococci 747 Coagulation parameters (blood) 319, 320t Cobalt deficiency
anemia 325
off-flavored milk 761 white liver disease 589
Coccidiosis 485-494
clinical findings 488-489
clinical pathology and necropsy 489-490 control 493-494
diagnosis 490 epidemiology 485, 487-488
host factors 487
management and environmental factors 487-488
parasite factors 487 etiology 485, 486t movable hutches 493-494, 494 pathogenesis 488 treatment 491 weight loss 787
Cochliomyia (previously Callitroga)
hominivorax 40-41
CODD see contagious ovine digital dermatitis
Coenurosis 244-247, 307-308 clinical findings 245-246 clinical pathology and necropsy 246 control 247
diagnosis 246 epidemiology 245
etiology and pathogenesis 244-245 treatment 246-247
Coenurus cerebalis 78-79
Colic, abdominal pain or 447-448 Coliforms, bacterial mastitis 744
Colon 436, 501, 567
Colostrum 673-674, 864-865 Coma 188
Competitive ELISA (cELISA)
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112 foot and mouth disease 120
Complement fixation (CF)
bluetongue 460 brucellosis 659 brucellosis, testicular abnormalities 691-692
chlamydiosis 656 eperythrozoonosis 330 mycoplasma arthritis 131 paratuberculosis 481
Computed tomography (CT) cardiovascular system 370 musculoskeletal system 101 nervous system 187 of thorax 395-396
Confinement operations, physical examination of environment 19
Conformation and musculoskeletal system 98
Congeners, xylazine 805-806 Congenital conditions
see also inherited and congenital conditions
congenital copper deficiency 14, 15t see also enzootic ataxia
congenital goiter 14, 15t, 83 double or fused teats 14, 15t, 729-730 entropion 14, 15t, 297-298 goiter 14, 15t, 83 hydrops 14, 15t, 677-678 iodine-deficiency goiter 82 patellar luxation 14, 15t
progressive paresis 14, 15t, 217, 267-268 rectovaginal fistula 14, 15t salivary gland duct cyst 76
skeletal abnormalities 161-162 skeletal malformations 14, 15t of skin 54
spastic paresis 268
sticky kid syndrome of Golden Guernsey goats 14, 15t
Congestive heart failure 374 Conjunctiva 294, 324
scrapings for immunofluorescence testing 301
Conjunctivitis 298 Constipation 448
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) 127
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
(CCPP) 127, 131-133, 407 clinical signs and diagnosis 404 etiology and pathogenesis 404 necropsy findings and diagnosis 404-405 treatment and control 405
Contagious ecthyma 29-32
clinical signs 30
diagnosis 31
etiology and epidemiology 30
therapy 31
udder, pathogenesis and clinical signs 732
vaccination 31-32
Contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD) 139-144 clinical findings 141 clinical pathology and necropsy 141 control 143-144 diagnosis 141-142 epidemiology 139-140 etiology 139 pathogenesis 140-141 treatment 142-143
Continuous grazing 519
Controlled internal drug releaser
(CIDR) 642, 643
Convulsions (seizures) 189
Cooperia spp. 498, 500, 506, 509, 512 Copper deficiency
anemia 327
congenital 14, 15t enzootic ataxia and swayback 252-255 signs of 843 weight loss 784
Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) 521
Copper poisoning 344-348, 843
clinical pathology and necropsy 346-347 clinical signs 346
control 348
diagnosis 347 epidemiology 344-345 etiology and pathogenesis 345-346 hepatitis of the liver 592 treatment 347-348
Cornea 295
keratitis
anterior uveitis causes 304
chronic spastic entropion 297 opaque/softened from severe bilateral keratoconjunctivitis 302 ulcer and keratoconjunctivitis 300
Coronavirus 532-535
Cor pulmonale 418
Corticosteroids
abortion 669, 670
infectious keratoconjunctivitis 301-302 pregnancy toxemia 857-858
Cortisol 856-857 Corynebacterium spp.
pseudotuberculosis 37, 69-74, 323, 399 abdominal abscess, digestive
problems 448
abscess of lungs 408-409
bacterial mastitis 744 dysphagia 444 failure of transfer of passive immunity 352
liver abscesses 862
orchitis and epididymitis 691
renale
multifocal osteomyelitis 135 ulcerative posthitis 618
serologic cross reactions with
Mycobacterium spp. 481
Cosmetic dehorning 822 Cotyledon orbiculata 443
Coughing 390t, 392 Coulter counter 740
Counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP)
enterotoxemia 467
peste des petits ruminants 452, 453 Cowdriosis (heartwater) 372, 374-378 COWP see copper oxide wire particles Coxiella spp. 657-658
see also Q fever
home pasteurization 763 Coyotillo poisoning 255-256 CP see crude protein CPE see cytopathic effect Crackles and auscultation of lungs 393 Cranial cavity and sudden death 794 Cranial deformation 78-79
Cranial nerves
deficits 188-189
evaluation for blindness 296
function 186t
Cranial ventral localization of Mannheimia pneumonia 407, 408
Creatine kinase (CK)
cardiovascular system 370 musculoskeletal system 98, 99t, 100 nutritional muscular dystrophy 147-148
Creatinine 607
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) 197 CRISPRs see clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Crocidura leucodon 223
Crohn's disease 478, 483 Crotalaria saltiana 593
Crude protein (CP) 830, 833 Crusting and scaling 26-27
chorioptic mange 44
contagious ecthyma 30
Cryptococcosis 410-411
Cryptococcus gattii 38
Cryptococcus neoformans 38
Cryptorchidism
in Angora goats 14, 15t
clinical signs and surgical or necropsy findings 690-691
etiology 690
fiber-producing goat herd
management 897
prevention 691
Cryptosporidiosis 494-498
clinical findings 496
clinical pathology and necropsy 496-497 control 498
diagnosis 497
epidemiology 494-495
pathogenesis 495-496
treatment 497-498
Cryptosporidium parvum 533-535
CSF see cerebrospinal fluid
CT see computed tomography
Ctenocephalides spp. 40
Cud in cheek 75
Culicoides spp. of midges 454-461
Culling or separation 116
Culture
clinical laboratory examination and skin disease 29
infectious keratoconjunctivitis
diagnosis 300
mastitis 737-738
Cushing's syndrome 631
Cutaneous myiasis 40-41
CVV see Cache Valley virus
CWD see chronic wasting disease
Cyanide poisoning 264, 419-420
diagnosis 419
etiology and epidemiology 419 pathogenesis and clinical signs 419 treatment 419-420
Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) 589 Cycasin toxicity 257-258 Cyclooctadepsipeptides 512-513
Cyclopia 14, 15t, 296
Cymelarsan® 343
Cynodon dactylon 259
Cysticercosis
clinical findings 579-580
clinical pathology and necropsy 580 control 580
epidemiology 579
etiology 579
pathogenesis 579
treatment 580
Cysticercus tenuicollis 579, 580
Cystocaulus ocreatus 412-414
Cystostomy 624, 625-626 Cystourethrography 610-611
Cysts
coccidiosis 490
coenurosis 244-247
hydatid disease 579
of salivary gland duct 76
tapeworm 85
teat wall cysts 730
wattle and thyroglossal duct 79-80 Cytochrome P450c17 enzyme 631 Cytokines 323
Cytopathic effect (CPE) 112
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112 foot and mouth disease 117, 120
Nairobi sheep disease virus 462 peste des petits ruminants 450
Cytoplasmic particles and epithelial cells 738
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 2
(CNF2) 530-531
d
Dairy goats
see also milk production
herd management 888-895
bred doelings and dry does 892 bucks 894-895
kids from weaning to
breeding 891-892
milking does 892-894 newborn kids 889-891, 897 ketosis 855
lactation curves 860
Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) 893
DE see digestible energy
Deafness 189
Death
see also abortion; sudden death euthanasia and slaughter 811, 812 slaughterhouse studies 19, 730-731, 811, 812
Decubital sores 53
Deep keratitis 304
Deformation of the cranium 78-79
Degeneration of testicles 689-690, 695, 696
Dehorning 817-825, 897-898
abscess 77
adults 821-822
associated problems 824-825
disbudding kids 818-821
older kids 821
paste 52 polled goat alternative 818 postoperative care 822-824 reasons for and against 817-818
DeLaval™ cell counters 740
Delivery, general guidelines, abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676
Delphinium spp. 259
Demodectic mange (demodicosis) 45-46
clinical signs and diagnosis 46 epidemiology 45-46
therapy 46
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) for differentiating Mycoplasma spp. 131
Dental formula 435
Dental lesions of chronic fluorosis 157 Deoxynivalenol (DON) 875
Depression
amaurosis 307
listeriosis 229, 230 meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses 237-238
Dermacentor tick spp. 247 Dermatomycosis 734
see also ringworm Dermatophilosis 35-37
clinical signs 35-36
diagnosis 36
etiology 35
pathogenesis 35
therapy and prevention 36-37 Descenting 817, 825-826 Devocalization 421
traditional techniques 421 Dewormers see anthelmintics Dexamethasone 857-858 DFA see direct fluorescent antibody DFAT see direct fluorescent antibody test DGGE see denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
DHP see 3,4-dihydroxypyridine
Diabetes mellitus 595
Diaporthe toxica fungus 594
Diarrhea 438, 439t, 448-449
clinical coccidiosis 489 cryptosporidiosis 494-498 infectious causes in kids 448, 449t late abortion 664-665
neonatal diarrhea complex 530-536 Diazepam 804-805
DIC see disseminated intravascular coagulation
Dichapetalum cymosum 156 Dichelobacter (Bacteriodes) nodosus
139-144
Dicrocoelium dendriticum 587-588
see also lancet fluke infection Dictyocaulus pneumonia 412 Diesel fuel poisoning 264-265 Differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)
vaccines 122-123, 453 Digestible energy (DE) 830, 830t, 831 Digestive activities 437-438 Digestive system 434-465
basic caprine gastroenterology 434-441 clinical anatomy 435-437 clinical pathology and diagnostic aids 438-441
digestive physiology 437-438 clinical chemistry 438 disease diagnosis by presenting sign 441-449
abdominal distension 445-447 abdominal pain or colic 447-448 absence of feces or constipation 448 diarrhea 448-449 drooling 441-443 dysphagia 443-444 excessive salivation 441-443 frothing at the mouth 441 inappetence 441 projectile vomiting 444-445 regurgitation 444-445 retching 444-445 rumen atony 445 slobbering 441-443 weight loss 449
diseases of mixed etiology 530-536 metabolic diseases 527-530 specific diseases 449-536
bacterial diseases 463-485 helminth diseases 498-527 protozoal diseases 485-498 viral diseases 449-463
Digital dermatitis 139-144 3,4-Dihydroxypyridine (DHP) 438 Diminazene 337, 344, 913t
Diminazene aceturate, trypanosomosis 344
Dinitro compounds 265 Diplodiosis neuromycotoxicosis 259 Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test, rabies 194
Direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), rabies 193-194
Direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (dRIT) 194
Disbudding 238
kids 818-821
age for disbudding 818
methods 818-820
nerve block for disbudding 820-821 restraint and sedation 820
paste 824
thermal disbudding and meningoencephalitis 236-239
Disinfectant footbaths 142
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) 333, 343
Distribution of goats 1
DIVA vaccines see differentiating infected from vaccinated animals
DMI see dry matter intake
DNA
abortion, and toxoplasmosis 662 beta mannosidosis 265
caprine arthritis encephalitis 106-107, 109, 112
cell enumeration and mastitis diagnosis 739-740 elaphostrongylosis/ parelaphostrongylosis 241
hydatid disease 579
ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (jaagsiekte) 402
paramphistomiasis (rumen flukes) 523-524
paratuberculosis 482
scrapie 207, 208t transgenic and cloned goats 10-12 warts and squamous cell carcinomas 734-735
Does
see also mammary glands; uterus; vagina estrous cycle 641-643
control of estrus 643-644 freemartins 683 herd management and preventive medicine 892-894, 897 maternal behavior of goats 5 neoplasia of reproductive tract 681 postpartum with lochia adhering to tail 672
precocious udder 14, 15t, 731 pregnancy diagnosis techniques 644-648, 644t
DON see deoxynivalenol
Doppler measurements, echocardiography and cardiovascular system 369t
Doppler pregnancy diagnosis techniques 645-646
Doramectin 509t, 510, 511
Dorsal nerve root irritation 47
Double or fused teats 14, 15t, 729-730
Drechslera campanulate 594
DRIT see direct rapid immunohistochemistry test
Drooling 229, 230
Dropped stomach 445
Dropsy (fetal hydrops) 677
Drought 520
Drugs
see also antibiotic therapy; herd management and preventive medicine coccidiosis 491, 492t, 493
dosages to treat pneumonia 416
dosages used in goats 912-917 fascioliasis 583-584 induced abortion 670-671 late abortion 669
malformations and abortion 652 obstructive urolithiasis treatment 625 off-flavored milk 761 paratuberculosis 482-483 parelaphostrongylosis and elaphostrongylosis (parasites) 241-242
protostrongylids 414
schistosomosis 382
subclinical and clinical conditions of kidneys 605
synthetic substances allowed for organically raised goats 903-904t tick-borne fever 331
toxic hepatitis of the liver 591-592 transgenic goat management 907 trypanosomosis 343-344
Dry does 892
Dry matter intake (DMI) 848-850
concentrates 848
encumbrance 849-850
feeding pregnant goats 854
forages 848
intake limits 848-849
lactational ketosis 861
substitution 850
Dryopteris filix-mas 306
Dry-period therapy, bacterial mastitis 753, 755
Dry scabs typical of dermatophilosis 35-36, 36
Duddingtonia fagrans 521-522
Dutch goats, hereditary goiter 14, 15t Dysphagia 188-189
digestive system 443-444
neurologic causes 415
Dyspnea 391-392, 399
Dysuria (urinary system) 613-614
e
Early abortion 652-653
Ears
body localization and skin diseases 28
deafness 189
dermatophilosis 35-36, 36
head examination 16
infratrochlear nerves, disbudding
kids 820
lack of external ear in La Mancha
breed 16
Raillietia (ear mites) 45
ECG see electrocardiography; equine chorionic gonadotropin
Echinococcosis (hydatid
disease) 414-415, 578-579 Echocardiography 368-369, 369t Ecthyma 29-32
Ectopic mammary gland 87
Edema
gangrenous mastitis 746-747, 747
hepatic disease diagnosis 571
of lungs 417-418
udder 736
unrestricted distribution 68
ventral edema of Angoras 86
EDTA see ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EEG see electroencephalogram
EFSA see European Food Safety Authority EHD see epizootic hemorrhagic disease EHEC see enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
Ehrlichia phagocytophilia 319
Ehrlichia ruminantium 374-378
see also heartwater (cowdriosis), rickettsial diseases
Eimeria spp. 414, 485-494 Elaeophora schneideri 48 Elaphostrongylosis 47, 239-242
clinical signs 47, 240-241
clinical pathology and necropsy 241 control 242
diagnosis 241
epidemiology 240
etiology and pathogenesis 239-240 treatment 241-242
Elaphostrongylus spp. 239-242 Electrical conductivity, mastitis
testing 742-743
Electroanesthesia 807
Electrocardiography (ECG) 367-368, 368t Electroencephalogram (EEG) 187-188 Electromyography (EMG) 101 Electrophoresis 131
Electroretinograms (ERG) 188 Electrosurgical devocalization
techniques 421
Eliminative behavior of goats 4
El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 574 Embryos
see also fetuses
transmissible diseases 697
EMG see electromyography Emphysema 68 Encumbrance value (EV) 849-850 Endotoxin, cell counts in mastitis 741-742 Endotracheal tube size
(intubation) 808-809
Energy 829-832
Enlarged thymus in upper neck 83-84, 84 Enlargement and rarefaction of mandibles, fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153
ENSO see El Nino-Southern Oscillation Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) 530, 531
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
(EPEC) 530, 531
Enterotoxemia 463-469, 490, 863-864
clinical findings 465-466
clinical pathology and necropsy 466-467
control 468-469
diagnosis 467
epidemiology 464-465
etiology 463-464
pathogenesis 465
treatment 467-468
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
(ETEC) 495, 530-531, 533-534, 536
Entropion 14, 15t, 297-298
ENTV-1 virus 399
Enucleation, ocular system 308-309 Environment
closed, transgenic goat management 905-906
coccidiosis 487-488
late abortion 667
nematode gastroenteritis 518-519, 519, 520
nutrition and metabolic
diseases 831-832
physical examination 18-19 prevention of bacterial mastitis 754 and respiratory system
animal density 396-397 building construction 397 temperature 396 ventilation 396
temperature and butterfat 762 transgenic goat management 905-906 wasting diseases 782-783
Environmental insults
skin 51-53
burns induced by fire 51
decubital sores 53
dehorning paste 52
embedded plant material 53
ergotism 52
frostbite 52 kaalsiekte 52 milk 53 other contact dermatitis
conditions 52-53 photosensitization 51-52 sunburn 51 urine scald 52
Environment-host interactions/nematode gastroenteritis 501
Environment-parasite interactions/
nematode gastroenteritis 501-503 Enzootic ataxia
nutritional muscular dystrophy 148 and swayback 252-255 clinical findings 253 clinical pathology and
necropsy 253-254 control 254-255 diagnosis 254 epidemiology 252-253 etiology 252 pathogenesis 253 treatment 254
Enzootic calcinosis 160
Enzootic pneumonia 411 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA)
bluetongue 460
border disease virus 220
brucellosis 659
brucellosis, testicular
abnormalities 691-692
CAEV and MVV 112, 114, 217-218 caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis 617 caseous lymphadenitis 71, 72 cELISA
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112 foot and mouth disease 120 cryptosporidiosis 496 elaphostrongylosis/
parelaphostrongylosis 241 enterotoxemia 467 eperythrozoonosis 330 failure of transfer of passive
immunity 352-353
fascioliasis 582-583
foot and mouth disease 120-121 heartwater (cowdriosis) 376, 377 hydatid disease 579
iELISA
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112 foot and mouth disease 121 leptospirosis 333 listeriosis 230
Lyme disease 136 mycoplasma arthritis 131 mycoplasma mastitis 757, 758
Nairobi sheep disease virus 462 paramphistomiasis (rumen flukes) 523-524
paratuberculosis 480-481, 483-484 peste des petits ruminants 452, 453 pregnancy diagnosis techniques 645 Q fever 657-658
rabies 194
retroviral mastitis (hard udder) 759
Rift Valley fever 574 schistosomosis 381-382 scrapie 198, 204, 205 theileriosis 338 toxoplasmosis 662-663 trypanosomosis 343
Wesselsbron disease 576
West Nile encephalomyelitis 225
Enzymes
lactase enzyme 491
milk lipase and its effects 760
thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent 249 EPEC see enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Eperythrozoonosis 329-330 clinical signs 330 diagnosis 330 epidemiology 329-330 etiology and pathogenesis 330 treatment and control 330
Epididymis
abnormalities 689-693 surgery 699 vasectomy 698-699
Epiphysitis 151, 152
Epithelial cell enumeration and mastitis diagnosis 738
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) 455
Eprinomectin 509t, 510
Epsilon toxin 465
Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 643, 644, 695
ERG see electroretinograms
Ergotism 52
Erosive lesions of the penis, caprine herpesvirus 616
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 104, 133-134 Erythema 27, 746-747, 747
Erythrophleum chlorostachys 308 Erythropoiesis 325, 326-327t
Escherichia coli
bacterial polyarthritis 133
diarrhea in young kids 449
liver abscesses 577
mastitis 744
milk transmitted zoonoses 761
neonatal diarrhea complex 530-532
neonatal septicemia 247
peritonitis 448
subcutaneous abscesses 76 virulence attributes 530-532
adhering and effacing Escherichia coli
(AEEC) 530, 531 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
(EHEC) 530-532 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
(EPEC) 530, 531 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
(ETEC) 530, 531
necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli (NTEC) 530, 532
Escutcheon, swellings of 85-87
Esophagus 435-436, 500
Estradiol 17β 631
Estrogens 620, 645, 670
Estrous cycle 641-643
control of estrus 643-644
cycle length 641-642
signs of estrus 642-643
Estrus
control of 643-644
anestrous season 643-644
breeding season 643 transition 643
ETEC see enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA) 845
Ethylene glycol poisoning 628-630
European Food Safety Authority
(EFSA) 200, 202, 213
European Union (EU)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 197, 209-214
organic production regulations 10
Scientific Steering Committee 212 scrapie 199, 202, 209
Eurytrema pancreaticum 588
Euthanasia and slaughter 811, 812
EV see encumbrance value
Excessive facial hair in Angora
goats 14, 15t
Excitability 188
Exfoliative cytology 301
Extensive grazing 519
Extensor rigidity and tetanus 232
Eyelids see lids
Eyes
see also ocular system electroretinograms 188 head examination 16 ocular abnormalities 188 periorbital alopecia and inflammation 196
f
Face, body localization and skin
diseases 28
Facial nerve deficit/non-infectious keratoconjunctivitis 303
Facial nerve paralysis 75, 188, 229
Facial swelling
bluetongue 458, 459
fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153
Failure of cervical dilation 675-676
Failure of transfer of passive immunity
(FTPI) 320, 350-354
clinical findings 352
clinical pathology and necropsy 352-353 epidemiology 351
etiology and pathogenesis 351-352 raising CAE free kids 115
Failure to extend limbs 104-105
False-positive inhibitor tests, bacterial mastitis 750-751
False pregnancy 648-650 FAMACHA© system 517-521, 891, 893 FARAD see Food Animal Residue
Avoidance Databank
Fasciola spp. 381-382
Fascioliasis 580-586
clinical findings 582
clinical pathology and necropsy 582-583 control 585-586
diagnosis 583
epidemiology 581
etiology 580-581
pathogenesis 581-582
treatment 583-585
Fascioloidosis 586-587
clinical findings 586
clinical pathology and necropsy 586-587 control 587
diagnosis 587
epidemiology 586
etiology and pathogenesis 586 treatment 587
Fats 760-762
depression 864
fatty acids, off-flavored milk 761
FDA see Food and Drug Administration
Fecal egg count reduction tests
(FECRTs) 511, 515-516
Feces
absence of 448
fecal examination 440-441
tapeworm proglottids 525
Feeding, growing kids
see also nutrition
Angora goats 869-871
behavior 437
bucks and pet goats 868-869
Cashmere goats 869-871
feed or weed flavors, off-flavored
milk 760, 761
growing kids
after weaning 868
before weaning 867-868
lactating goats 859-864
newborn kids 864-867
pregnant goats 853-854 zero-grazing systems 518, 850-851
Feet see foot
Fenbendazole 414, 508-509, 509t Fetuses
see also abortion; pregnancy
abnormal presentation, position, or posture 676-677
age determination 647
fetal causes of dystocia 677
fetal hemoglobin 316
fetal hydrops 677
fetotomy 677
relative fetal oversize and fetotomy 677 sex determination 647
FGA see Auorogestone acetate
Fiber analysis 833, 835, 835-836
Fiber production 23-25
cashgora 25
cashmere 25, 25, 871
herd management and preventive medicine 895-899
mohair 23-25, 869-870, 895
pygora 25
Fibrinogen 131, 320t, 321, 322t, 324, 353 Fibrinous pleuritis 131, 403-404, 406-407,
407,408
Fibrocystic disease 730-731
Fibrous osteodystrophy (osteodystrophia fibrosa) 78, 152, 153
Field necropsies 19
Filarid dermatitis 47-48
Fire (environment) 51
Flank hernia 86
Fleece characteristics 896
Floppy kid syndrome 866-867
clinical signs 866
diagnosis 866-867
etiology and epidemiology 866
prevention 867
treatment 867
Flukes
see also parasitic diseases
flukicides 583-585
lancet flukes 587-588
liver flukes 415, 580-588
pancreatic flukes 588 paramphistomiasis 490, 522-525 rumen flukes 522-525
Fluorine 843
Fluorogestone acetate (FGA) 642
Fluorosis 155-158
clinical findings 157
clinical pathology and necropsy 157-158 diagnosis 158
etiology and epidemiology 155-156 pathogenesis 156-157
treatment and control 158
FMD see foot and mouth disease FMDV see foot and mouth disease virus Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 641 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
distribution of goats 1
foot and mouth disease 121
peste des petits
ruminants 449-451, 453-454
rabies 195
rinderpest 454
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
lead poisoning 259
transgenic and cloned goats 10-11 transgenic goats 906
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) 799, 800t
Foot
see also limbs
abnormal or sore 103-104
bluetongue 458, 459
body localization and skin diseases 28 overgrown due to confinement 102 proper foot trimming 102, 103 scald, rot, abscess, and digital
dermatitis 139-144
swelling, bluetongue 459
Foot and mouth disease
(FMD) 34, 116-123
abnormal or sore feet 103-104 cardiovascular system and sudden
death 372
clinical findings 119-120
clinical pathology and necropsy 120-121 control 121-123
diagnosis 121
epidemiology 117-119 etiology 116-117
general global distribution 1171 pathogenesis 119
treatment 121
Foot and mouth disease virus
(FMDV) 116-123
Forage quality 851 Foreign matter/upper respiratory tract disease 398
Forelimbs
abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676-677
musculoskeletal diseases 105 bowing deformities/carpal epiphysitis 151
Forestomachs 436
Forked teats 729
Fossomatic™ counters 740 Fractures 164-165
clinical signs and diagnosis 165 control 165
epidemiology 164-165 treatment 165
Free-living mites 46 Freemartins 14, 15t, 683 Freeze loss, mohair 24-25 Friction rubs (heart) 373 Frostbite 52, 734
Frothing at the mouth 441 FSH see follicle-stimulating hormone FTPI see failure of transfer of passive immunity
Fundamentals of goat practice 1-21 clinical examination 7-12 current interest in goats 2-3 distinguishing goats from sheep 3 distribution of goats 1 goat behavior 3-5 handling goats 5-7 physical examination 13-19 use of goats 1-2
Fundus
examination of eye 295
of a normal Boer goat 295-296, 296 of a Saanen goat 295
Fungal causes of toxic hepatitis of the
liver 594
Fungal culture see also culture clinical laboratory examination and skin disease 29
Fungal diseases pneumonia 410-411 skin 37-38
miscellaneous 38 ringworm 37-38 yeast infections 38 Furazolidone 605 Fused teats 729-730 Fusobacterium spp. 139-142, 144, 237, 400, 442
g
Gaigeria pachyscelis, gastroenteritis 502 Gait abnormalities 104, 189-190 musculoskeletal diseases 104
Gallbladder 567
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 232 Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) 567, 569, 569t
copper poisoning 346-347
failure of transfer of passive
immunity 353
lactational ketosis 861
lancet fluke infection 588
neoplastic diseases of liver and pancreas 595
urinary system evaluation 610
Gamma interferon (IFNγ) 480-481
Gangrenous mastitis 87, 746-747
treatment 751-753
mastectomy 751-753
medical management 751
Garlic, off-flavored milk 761
Gastrocnemius muscle
rupture 105, 105-106 Gastroenterology see digestive system Gastrointestinal foreign bodies, weight
loss 789, 790
Gastrointestinal parasitism, weight
loss 787-788
GE see gross energy
General anesthesia
single and combination agents 803-808
withdrawal intervals 800t
Genetically modified goats
see also transgenic goats
clinical examination 10-12
Genetic distinctions between goats and sheep 3, 652
Genetic flavor of milk 761
GFR see glomerular filtration rate
Giardia spp. 533, 535
Gid 78-79, 244-247, 307-308
see also coenurosis
Gigantocotyle explanatum 588
Glaucoma
ocular system 303-305
tonometry 305
treatment 305
Globidia spp., coccidiosis 490
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 607 Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-
Px) 146-147, 149, 756, 845
Glycoproteins 645
Gnats 40
GnRH see gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Goat behavior 3-5
see also behavior
altered mental state or behavior 188 distinctions between goats and sheep 3 feeding behavior 437 general characteristics 3-4 ingestive and eliminative behavior 4 maternal behavior 5
scrapie 202, 203t sexual behavior 4-5 weight loss problems 784
Goat-lambs (geep) 652-653
Goat lymphocyte antigen (LGA) 323-324 Goat pox 403
“Goatscaping” 1
Goiter 80-83
anatomy and physiology 80 clinical signs and laboratory
findings 81-82 diagnosis 82-83 etiology 81 experimental hypothyroidism 81 goitrogens 81 iodine-deficiency 81 normal thyroid function tests 80 treatment and prevention 83
Goitrogens 81 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) 642, 649, 695 Gongylonematidae 499-500 Gram-stained impression smear of
intestinal mucosa with enterotoxemia 466
Granular vulvovaginitis 612 Granulomas caused by sperm 14,
15t, 692-693
Granulomatous reaction from paratuberculosis vaccination 485
Grayanotoxin 416, 873t
Grazing see digestive system; feeding; nutrition
Greek goat encephalomyelitis virus 221 Gross energy (GE) 830, 830t
Growth
Angora kids 870-871 and weight gain 832
Growth hormone 595
GSH-Px see glutathione peroxidase Guajillo poisoning 257 Guernsey goats, sticky kid
syndrome 14, 15t, 54
Gums
contagious ecthyma 30
ulceration, peste des petits
ruminants 451, 452
Gynecomastia 14, 15t clinical signs 695-696 etiology 695 treatment and control 696
h
Haemaphysalis intermedia ticks 461 Haemonchosis 506
Haemonchus contortus
blood loss anemia 325
cytokines 323
FAMACHA© 517
gastroenteritis 502-507,
512-514, 517-522
herd management and preventive medicine 891, 893
sudden death 795
Hair, absence of 14, 15t
Hair production
cashmere production 25, 25, 871 hair goat herd management 895-899 mohair production 23-25, 869-870, 895 shedding/loss 23, 297
“Hair rings” (penis) 613, 613, 694
Hairy caltrop poisoning 257
“Hairy shaker.” see border disease virus
Halothane 592, 807
Handling goats 5-7
administering medications 6-7
group considerations 5
individual restraint 5-6
Haplopappus spp. 764, 845-846
Hard udder (retroviral mastitis) 758-759
HbC-type hemoglobin 316, 317
HCG see human chorionic gonadotropin
HCN see hydrocyanic acid
Head
abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676
captive bolt (euthanasia) 811, 812 cranial nerves and blindness
evaluation 296
dehorning, brain abscess 824 subcutaneous swellings 75, 75-79 abscess 76-78
deformation of the cranium 78-79 osteodystrophia fibrosa 78, 152, 153 retention of cud in cheek 75 salivary mucocele 76
swelled head of bucks 78
Head examination 15-16
ears 16
eyes 16
horns 16
membranes 15
nares 16
oral cavity 15-16
Head tilt 189
Heart
see also cardiovascular system
abnormal sounds 373 angiography 370 arrhythmias 373-374 cardiotoxic plants 371 cardiovascular disease, pulmonary edema 417
computed tomography 370 congestive heart failure 374 displacement by thymoma 418 echocardiography 368-369, 369t electrocardiography 367-368, 368t normal rate and rhythm 14, 367 pericardiocentesis 370 radiography 368 structure of 366-367
sudden death 370-373
Heartwater (cowdriosis) 372, 374-378, 418, 453
clinical findings 376-377
clinical pathology and necropsy 377 control 378 diagnosis 377-378 epidemiology 375-376
etiology 375 pathogenesis 376 sudden death 372 treatment 378
Heinz body anemia 348
Helichrysum argyrosphaerum 306 Heliotropium ovalifolium 593 Helminth diseases
digestive system 498-527 intestinal cestodiasis (tapeworms) 525-527 nematode gastroenteritis 498-522 paramphistomiasis (rumen
flukes) 522-525
Hematology 314-319
anatomic considerations 314 blood and plasma parameters 315 bone marrow 314-315 enthrocyte parameters 315-316 hemoglobin 315-317 leukocyte parameters 318-319 leukograms 319 platelet parameters 319 response to anemia 317
Hematoma 67-68 Hemic-lymphatic system disease diagnosis by presenting sign 324-327 lymphadenopathy 325 rickettsial diseases 327-332 specific diseases 327-349 bacterial diseases 332-335 protozoal diseases 335-344 toxicological diseases 344-349
Hemoglobin (Hb) 315-317, 336-337 Hemolysis 746
hemolytic anemia causes 325 Hemoparasites 789
Hemorrhagic diathesis 324
Hepatitis 590-591
Heracleum mantegazzianum 442
Herd management and preventive
medicine 887-909
dairy goats 888-895
bred doelings and dry does 892
bucks 894-895
kids from weaning to
breeding 891-892
milking does 892-894 newborn kids 889-891
goat skin quality 901
hair goats 895-899
meat goats 899-901
organically raised goats 901-905 transgenic goats 905-907
Hereditary goiter 14, 15t, 83
Hernia
abdominal or flank 86, 447
scrotal 693
ventral 86
Herpesvirus 34, 397, 614-618
enzootic pneumonia 411 erosive lesions of the penis 616 late abortion 665
neonatal diarrhea complex 533 skin 34
vulvovaginitis 680
Herpes vulvovaginitis 612
see also caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis
Hexachloroethane 592
Hindlimbs
musculoskeletal diseases 105-106 nutritional muscular dystrophy 148
Histoplasma capsulatum 75
HIV see Human immunodeficiency virus Hobby farms
clinical examination 9
physical examination of environment 19 Hog cholera 219
Homidium chloride 344
Hormonal assays 645
Hormones
adrenal glands 630-631 adrenocorticotropic hormone 631 antidiuretic hormone 607
diabetes mellitus 595
estrous cycle 641-644 follicle-stimulating hormone 641 gonadotropin-releasing hormone 642, 649, 695
growth hormone 595
induction of lactation 732 melatonin hormone 644 pregnancy toxemia 857-858 testosterone 685-686, 825-826 thyroid gland and goiter 80 thyroid-stimulating hormone 843 Horns
see also dehorning
captive bolt (euthanasia) 811, 812
head examination 16
Housing
care of newborns 673
coccidiosis, movable
hutches 493-494, 494
gastrointestinal parasitism, raised pens 518, 519
hobby farms 9, 19
temperature and climate 396t
H-type BSE 211
Human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) 642-644, 649
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
caprine arthritis encephalitis
virus 106, 215
caprine immunology 320
Hybrid species and abortion 652-653 Hydatidosis 414-415, 578-579 Hydranencephaly 14, 15t, 123, 124, 268 Hydrocephalus 78, 268, 269, 307 Hydrocyanic acid (HCN) 419-420 Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) 249-251 Hydrometra 648-650
Hydrops 14, 15t
fetal 677
uterus 677-678
Hygromas 84-85 Hymenoxys spp. 189, 255 Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's
syndrome) 631 Hyperfibrinogenemia 131, 353 Hyperkeratosis 26, 155 Hypermetria 190
Hypersensitivity 40, 41, 55 Hypervitaminosis D 155 Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison's
disease) 631
Hypocalcemia 106, 150, 152, 445, 614, 629-630, 675, 797, 858-859
Hypoglycemia 353-354, 535, 570, 631, 806, 856,856-857, 864-866, 914t
Hypoplasia of testicles 14, 15t, 690 Hypoproteinemia
abdominal distension 446
liver and pancreas
ascites and/or edema 571
hepatic disease diagnosis 571
lancet fluke infection 588
toxic hepatitis 591
white liver disease 589
nematode gastroenteritis 505, 506, 506, 507
paramphistomiasis or rumen flukes 523-524
salmonellosis 471
Hypospadias 612
Hypotension 809-810
Hypothermia 865
Hypothyroidism 81, 677, 689-690
experimental 81
Hypovitaminosis A 255
IBR see infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Ichthyosis 55
Icterus (jaundice) 572, 591
IFA see immunofluorescence assay; indirect fluorescent antibody test
IFOAM see International Federation of
Organic Agriculture Movements
IHC see immunohistochemistry testing Imaging techniques
see also ultrasound
computed tomography 101, 187,
370, 395-396
digestive system 441
hydatid disease 579, 580
magnetic resonance imaging 187,
579, 580
musculoskeletal system 101 nervous system 186-187 respiratory system 395-396 urinary system 610-611
Imidazothiazoles 509t, 511
Imidocarb diproprionate 329, 337,
605, 914t
Immune system
see also hemic-lymphatic system
basic caprine hematology 314-319
basic caprine immunology 319-324 cell-mediated 321, 323, 480-481 cytokines 323
diseases of 349-354
failure of transfer of passive immunity 350-354
thymoma 349-350 immunoglobulins 320-321, 321t major histocompatibility
complex 323-324
other serum proteins 321, 322t paratuberculosis 480-481
toll-like receptors 324
Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) 29, 223 Immunoglobulins 320-321, 321t abortion, and toxoplasmosis 662 failure of transfer of passive
immunity 351-353 urinary system 604
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing
Borna disease virus 223
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 214 listeriosis 230
scrapie 198, 205, 205-207, 207 Impaired erythropoiesis, anemia 325,
326-327t
Inappetence, digestive system 441 Inappropriate lactation syndrome 731-732 Incoordination 190
Increased bronchial sounds 393 Indigestion and rumen acidosis 861-863 clinical findings and clinical
pathology 862 diagnosis and necropsy
findings 862-863 pathogenesis 861-862 prevention 863 treatment 863
Indirect ELISA (iELISA)
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112 foot and mouth disease 121
Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)
test 131, 337-339, 343 Individual restraint of goats 5-6 Induced abortion or parturition 669-671 drugs used 670-671
experimental techniques 671 indications 669-670
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
(IBR) 299, 400
Infectious bulbar paralysis see pseudorabies
Infectious causes of late abortion 653-667
Akabane virus 654-655
brucellosis 658-660
Cache Valley virus 654-655 campylobacteriosis 660 chlamydiosis 655-657 leptospirosis 660-661
listeriosis 661 miscellaneous infections 664-667
Q fever 657-658
salmonellosis 661-662
Schmallenberg virus 654-655 toxoplasmosis 662-664
Infectious causes of mastitis 743-759 bacterial mastitis 743-756 mycoplasma mastitis 756-758 retroviral mastitis 758-759
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis
clinical signs 300
diagnostic techniques 300-301
cultures 300
exfoliative cytology 301 polymerase chain reaction 300 scrapings for immunofluorescence testing 301
etiology 298
mycoplasma 298-299
treatment 301-302
Infratrochlear nerves, injection sites for
disbudding kids 820
Infusion techniques, treatment of bacterial mastitis 750
Ingestive behavior of goats 4
see also digestive system
Inguinal ring and castration 701
Inhalants 807
Inherited abortion of Angoras 14,
15t, 667-668
pathogenesis and clinical signs 667-668 prevention and habitual abortion 668 Inherited and congenital
conditions 14, 15t
absence of hair 14, 15t afibrinogenemia 14, 15t, 324 arthrogryposis and
hydranencephaly 14, 15t atresia ani and coli 14, 15t beta mannosidosis 265-267 clinical findings 266 clinical pathology and necropsy 266 diagnosis 266-267 epidemiology 265 in Nubian goats 14, 15t pathogenesis 265-266 treatment and control 267 bipartite scrotum in Angora
goats 14, 15t
border disease virus 14, 15t, 219-221 chorioretinopathy 306 clinical findings 220 clinical pathology and
necropsy 220-221 control 221 diagnosis 221 epidemiology 219-220 etiology 219
late abortion 664-665 pathogenesis 220 treatment 221
brachygnathia superior or
inferior 14, 15t
cleft palate 14, 15t, 790
congenital copper deficiency 14, 15t cryptorchidism in Angora goats 14, 15t clinical signs and surgical or necropsy findings 690-691
etiology 690 fiber-producing goat herd management 897 prevention 691 cyclopia 14, 15t, 296 excessive facial hair in Angora
goats 14, 15t
freemartins 14, 15t, 683 gynecomastia 14, 15t clinical signs 695-696 etiology 695 treatment and control 696
hereditary goiter 14, 15t, 83 inherited abortion of Angoras 14,
15t, 667-668
liver and pancreas 594-595 mucopolysaccharidosis IIID deficiency 14, 15t musculoskeletal system 160-162 myotonia congenita 14, 15t, 160-161 clinical findings 161 clinical pathology and necropsy 161 diagnosis 161 epidemiology 161 etiology and pathogenesis 160-161 treatment and control 161
nervous system 265-268 polled intersex disorders 14, 15t, 681-682
recessive atrichosis 14, 15t
Robertsonian translocation 14,
15t, 683-684
short tendons in Australian Angora goats 14, 15t
skin 54
sperm granulomas 14, 15t, 692-693 sticky kid syndrome of Golden Guernsey goats 14, 15t, 54
supernumerary teats 14, 15t, 729 testicular hypoplasia 14, 15t, 690 treatment and control 161 umbilical hernia 14, 15t, 85-86
Injections 7
see also intramuscular injections; intravenous injections
sites for disbudding kids 820
tissue necrosis 79
Inorganic chemical neurotoxicities of the nervous system 259-261
Inspection from a distance 13 Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique (INRA) 830-833, 839, 840, 840t, 849
Insulin and blood sugar 631, 856-857 Integument (physical examination) 15 Intensive grazing 518-519
Intensively managed goats, clinical examination 9
Interleukins 323
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 450
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) 10
International Goat Association 2
International System (SI) for energy 831 Intersex disorders 681-684
freemartins 14, 15t, 683
other chromosome abnormalities 683-684 polled intersex 14, 15t, 681-682
Intestinal lesions of coccidiosis 489, 490 Intestinal mucosa with enterotoxemia 466 Intramuscular (IM) injections cerebrospinal fluid analysis 184 clostridial myositis and myonecrosis 137 difficulties 7 leptospirosis 334 mycoplasma arthritis 132-133 oxytetracycline irritating to muscle tissue 7, 143 site selection 7 techniques 7
Intravenous (IV) injections anesthesia 799-816 cesarean section 678 euthanasia and slaughter 811 intubation 808-809 local and regional 800-803 mastectomy, treatment of gangrenous mastitis 752
musculoskeletal system 102 penile translocation 698 postsurgical pain relief 810-811 preanesthetic considerations and tranquilization 808
precautions 809-810 single and combination agents 803-808 cerebrospinal fluid analysis 184 regional analgesia 801-802 technique 6, 7
Intubation 808-809
blind intubation 809 endotracheal tube size 808-809 under visual observation 809
Inulin 607
Involuntary activity, signs of 189
Iodine 843-844 deficiency 49 goiter 81
deficiency signs of 843
dietary recommendations and supplementation 844
Ionophores 491, 492t
Ipomoea spp. 319, 349
Iris 295
Iron 844
toxic hepatitis of the liver 592 Isoflurane 807
Ivermectin 414, 509t, 510, 592
Ixodes spp. 221, 247-248
anaplasmosis 331
Lyme disease 136
Jaagsiekte 372-373, 402
Jaundice (icterus) 572, 591
Joest-Degen bodies 223
Johne's disease see paratuberculosis
Joint swelling 104
Jugular vein 6, 799-800
k
Kaalsiekte 52
Kale anemia 348-349
clinical findings 348
clinical pathology and necropsy 348-349 diagnosis 349
epidemiology 348
etiology and pathogenesis 348 treatment and control 349
Kallstroemia hirsutissima (hairy caltrop) 257
Karwinskia humboldtiana, 159-160, 255-256
KCN see potassium cyanide
Keds 40
Kemp 24
Keratitis
anterior uveitis causes 304
chronic spastic entropion 297 Keratoconjunctivitis
infectious 298-302
non-infectious 302-303
Ketamine 804-805
Ketone bodies, pregnancy toxemia 856 Ketosis
dehorning 825
lactational 860-861
off-flavored milk 761
pregnancy toxemia 855
Kidneys
see also urinary system
biopsy 611
Kids
see also abortion
coccidiosis 489, 493-494, 494
diarrhea 448, 449t
disbudding 818-821
failure of transfer of passive
immunity 350-354
feeding 864-867
after weaning 868
before weaning 867-868
mothering, herd management 897 neonatal diarrhea complex 530-536 newborn care 673-674
dairy goat herd management 889-891
feeding 864-867
older, dehorning 821
raising free of CAE 114-115
Sticky kid syndrome of Golden Guernsey goats 14, 15t
from weaning to breeding, herd management 891-892 Klebsiella pneumoniae, bacterial polyarthritis 133, 134 Kochia scoparia (Mexican fireweed) 259
l
la Bouhite see maedi-visna virus
Lacrimal glands and ducts 294
Lacrimal nerves 820
Lactase enzyme 491
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 567
cardiovascular system 370
lactational ketosis 861 musculoskeletal system 98, 99t, 100-101
Lactation
see also milk production
cell counts 740-741
feeding lactating goats 859-864 enterotoxemia 863-864 indigestion and rumen acidosis 861-863
lactational ketosis 860-861 lactation curves 860 milk fat depression 864 inappropriate lactation syndrome 731-732
nutrition and metabolic diseases 832
stroke volume and cardiac output 369t
Lactational ketosis 860-861
Lactogen 645
LaMancha goats, lactation curves 860
Laminitis 153-155
clinical pathology 154
clinical signs 154
control 155
diagnosis 154
epidemiology 153-154
etiology and pathogenesis 153
treatment 154-155
LAMP see loop-mediated isothermal amplification
Lancet fluke infection 587-588
clinical findings 588
clinical pathology and necropsy 588 control 588
diagnosis 588 epidemiology 587 etiology 587 pathogenesis 587-588 treatment 588
Lantana spp. 593
Large colony (LC) type mycoplasma 127, 130, 131, 756-757
Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) 259
Larval development assay (LDA)
515-516
Larynx devocalization 421 laryngitis 399-400 laryngoscope blade 809 necrotic laryngitis 400
Lashes 293-294
Late abortion
infectious causes 653-667 non-infectious causes 667-669
LDA see larval development assay
LDH see lactate dehydrogenase
Lead II electrocardiography (ECG) 368t
Lead poisoning 259-260, 307 Lechuguilla 592-593
Leech, nasal 398
Leiomyofibromatosis 680-681
Lens 295
Lentiviruses 112-113, 215-219
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis; maedi-visna virus
Leptospirosis 332-334, 660-661 cause of late abortion 660-661 clinical pathology and necropsy 333 clinical signs 333, 660 control 334, 661 diagnosis 333-334, 660 epidemiology 332-333, 660 etiology 332, 660 pathogenesis 333 treatment 334
Leucaena leucocephala 438, 689
Leukocytes
see also white blood cells
estrus 641-642
Leukograms 319
Levamisole 264, 414, 509t, 511-512,
514, 669
LGA see goat lymphocyte antigen
Libido of buck 695
Lice (pediculosis) 38-40 clinical signs and diagnosis 38-39 therapy 39-40
Lichenoid dermatitis 55
Lidocaine 800-801
Lids 293-294
see also blinking abnormalities 296-298 bluetongue 458, 459
Limbs
bowing deformities 105, 151, 151-152 conditions restricted to forelimb 105 conditions restricted to
hindlimb 105-106 failure to extend 104-105 non-weightbearing on single limb 105 pelvic limb ataxia 242 physical examination 17
Linognathus africanus 38-39
Linognathus stenopsis 38-39 Lipolysis (rancidity) 750, 760, 761
Lips, body localization and skin
diseases 28
Listeria spp.
bacterial mastitis 744-745 home pasteurization 763
Listeriosis 226-232, 661 clinical findings 228-230 clinical pathology and necropsy 230 control 231-232 dehorning 825 diagnosis 230-231 epidemiology 227-228 etiology 226 pathogenesis 228 treatment 231
Liver 566-603
abscesses 576-577 anatomy and physiology 566-567 background clinical
information 566-571 clinical pathology 567-570 diagnostic procedures 570-571 disease diagnosis by presenting sign 571-573 abdominal pain 571 anemia 571 anorexia 571
ascites and/or edema 571 bleeding tendency 572 diarrhea and constipation 572 jaundice (icterus) 572 neurologic signs 572 photodermatitis 572-573 weight loss 573 yawning 573
enzymology 567-570
function tests 570
location 566, 567
specific diseases of liver 573-595
bacterial diseases 576-577
congenital diseases 594-595 neoplastic diseases 594-595 nutritional and metabolic
diseases 588-590
parasitic diseases 577-588 toxicological diseases 590-594 viral diseases 573-576
Liver flukes 415, 580-588
Local anesthetic 800-803
penile translocation 698
Locoism 256-257
Locomotor problems and weight loss 785
Loop-mediated isothermal
amplification (LAMP)
babesiosis 337
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112-113 mycoplasma arthritis 131 paramphistomiasis (rumen
flukes) 523-524
theileriosis 338
Loss of social status (dehorning) 824-825 Louping-ill virus (LIV) 221-222, 761t, 763 Low butterfat 761-762
Lower respiratory tract, diseases 400
LRS see lymphoreticular system
Lumpy jaw 77-78
Lungs
see also respiratory system
biopsy and aspiration of fluid from thorax 396
caprine arthritis encephalitis 109
caprine arthritis encephalitis interstitial pneumonia 401
caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis 616 caseous lymphadenitis
abscesses 408-409
displacement by thymoma 418 infiltration of pulmonary
parenchyma 401, 402
neoplasia 372-373
peste des petits ruminants 452 pulmonary edema and pleuritis 417-418 schistosomosis 382
Lungworm infestations 412-414, 788 Lupinosis 160
Lupinusformosus 435
Lyme disease 136-137
Lymphatic system
see also hemic-lymphatic system; immune system
abscessation of retropharyngeal lymph nodes 399
basic caprine hematology 314-319
caseous lymphadenitis 69-74, 79, 734
caseous lymphadenitis
abscesses 408-409
lymphadenopathy 325
node enlargement 69-75
caseous lymphadenitis 69-74 lymphosarcoma 75
melioidosis 74
other infectious agents 74 prominent lymph nodes of normal size 75
peste des petits ruminants 452
Lymphoreticular system (LRS) 197-198 Lymphosarcoma 75
Lyssaviruses 192
m
Macrocyclic lactones 509t, 510-511
Mad itch see pseudorabies
Maedi-visna virus (MVV) 106,
110, 215-219
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis
clinical findings 217
clinical pathology and necropsy 217-218 diagnosis 218
epidemiology 216
etiology 215-216
pathogenesis 216-217
treatment and control 218-219
Magnesium 840-841
dietary recommendations and supplementation 840-841
musculoskeletal system 99t, 100
signs of deficiency 840
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
hydatid disease 579, 580
nervous system 187
Maintenance energy requirements 831
Major antigenic protein 1 (MAP1) 376, 377
Major histocompatibility complex
(MHC) 323-324
Malasseziafurfur 734
Malformations
fetal 654
globe, ocular system 296
jaw 435
penile 694
Malignant catarrhal fever 34
Malnutrition
see also nutrition
late abortion 667
Mammary glands 728-780
ectopic 87
gynecomastia of buck 695-696
mastectomy, treatment of gangrenous mastitis 751-753
mastitis 736-743
diagnosis 738-743
infectious causes 743-759
non-mastitic alterations in goat milk 759-762
physical examination 17 Mandible
facial swelling, fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153
tooth root abscess 77
Manganese 844
Mania 188
Mannheimia spp.
bacterial mastitis 745
pneumonia 407-408, 787
Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for
Terrestrial Animals (OIE) 120, 226 MAP see methyl-acetoxy progesterone Map Mycobacterium 477, 478, 480-482,
484, 485
Marking 897-898
Marshallagia spp. 507 Marsupialization 71, 626, 627 Mastectomy
treatment of gangrenous
mastitis 751-753
anesthesia 752
indications and reservations 751-752 other alternatives 752-753
surgical techniques 752
Mastitis 736-743
diagnosis 737-743
bacterial causes 737, 738t cathelidicins 743 cell enumeration 738-742 clinical examination 737 culture 737-738
electrical conductivity 742-743
NAGase 743
gangrenous 87
gynecomastia of buck 695-696, 696 infectious causes 743-759
off-flavored milk 761
weight loss 787
MAT see microscopic agglutination test Maternal behavior of goats 5 Maturation of penis 685, 694 ME see metabolizable energy
Meat goat management 899-901 Mecistocirrus digitatus 502
Meconium staining of mucus indicating fetal distress 672
Megaesophagus 444
Melanomas 53-54
Melatonin hormone 644
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) 643 Melioidosis 8t, 74, 745, 761t
and rhodococcal pneumonia 410
weight loss 786
Melophagus ovinus 40, 220
Meningitis 824 Meningoencephalitis and brain
abscesses 236-239
clinical findings 237-238
clinical pathology and necropsy 238
control 239
diagnosis 238
etiology and epidemiology 236-237
pathogenesis 237
treatment 238-239
Mephitis mephitis (skunk) 193
Mesentery 436-437
Metabolic diseases see nutritional and metabolic diseases
Metabolizable energy (ME) 830, 830t, 831, 832
Metabolizable protein (MP) 833-834 Metals and toxic neuropathy in
kidneys 605
Methoxyflurane 807
Methyl-acetoxy progesterone (MAP) 643
3- Methylindole 418
Methylmalonyl-CoA 589
4- Methylpyrazole (4-MP, fomepizole) 630 MFU see milk fill units
MGA see melengestrol acetate
MHC see major histocompatibility complex Microinjection (MI), genetically modified goats 10-12
Microphthalmia 296
Microscopic agglutination test
(MAT) 333, 662
Milk
bovine spongiform
encephalopathy 212-213
calcium dietary requirements 839-840 caprine arthritis encephalitis 108-109 coccidiosis 491
contact dermatitis conditions 53
dairy goat herd management 888-895 fat depression 864
semen processing for artificial insemination 689
transgenic and cloned goats 10
witch's milk 731
zoonotic diseases 761t, 762-763
Milk fever (parturient paresis) 858-859
uterine inertia 675
Milk fill units (MFU) 849-850, 850t Milking machine function 754-755 Milking parlor design 754
Milk production 728-780, 892-894
see also mammary glands
CMT scores 739t
excreted toxins 764-765 handling procedures and flavor 761 home pasteurization 763
kids and unbred goats 731-732 hormonal induction of lactation 732 inappropriate lactation
syndrome 731-732 self-sucking 732 witch's milk 731
lipase and its effects 760-761 non-mastitic alterations 759-762 prevention of bacterial mastitis 754 raw milk and other safety issues 762-765 treatment of bacterial mastitis 749-750
Milk replacer 865
Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) 834
Minerals
late abortion 668
major minerals 838-842
calcium 839-840
magnesium 840-841 phosphorus 840 potassium 841
salt, sodium chloride 841
sulfur 841-842
summary 839-840, 840t
trace minerals 842-847
cobalt 842
copper 843
fluorine 843
iodine 843-844
iron 844
manganese 844 molybdenum 843 nickel 844
selenium 844-846 summary 842t zinc 846-847
MIT see mouse intracerebral inoculation test Modified direct agglutination test
(MAT) 662
Mohair 23-25, 869-870, 895
age and nutrition 24
factors affecting quality 23-24
freeze loss 24-25
kemp 24
perinatal nutrition 24
quality 23-24
stress medullation 24
Moist rales 393
Molybdenum 843
Moniezia spp. (tapeworm) 525, 525-527
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
(MCP-1) 323
Morantel 509t, 512, 514
Moraxella spp. 299, 301
Morbillivirus 450
see also peste des petits ruminants
Mosquitoes 40
Mothering 897
Motility of semen 688
Mouse intracerebral inoculation test (MIT), rabies 193-194
Movable hutches 493-494, 494
Moxidectin 509t, 510-511
MP see metabolizable protein
MRI see magnetic resonance imaging
Mucopolysaccharidosis IIID (MPS
IIID) 14, 15t, 267
Mucopurulent nasal discharge 390t, 392 Muellerius capillaris 412-414
Muffled sounds of the heart 373
Mullerian duct syndrome 691
MUN see milk urea nitrogen
Murmurs 373
Muscle relaxants, tetanus 233
Muscle tremors 189
Muscular dystrophy 370-371
aspiration pneumonia 415 nutritional 145-150
Musculoskeletal system 95-182 background clinical information 96-102 anatomy and physiology 96-98 clinical pathologic changes with disease 98-101, 98t
diagnostic procedures 101-102 disease-associated pathologic changes 98
disease diagnosis by presenting signs 102-106
abnormally appearing or sore feet 103-104
bowed limbs 105
conditions restricted to a forelimb 105 conditions restricted to a
hindlimb 105-106
failure to extend a limb or limbs 104-105
non-weightbearing on a single limb 105
stiff, painful, or abnormal gait 104 swelling around the joints 104 weakness and recumbency 106 specific diseases 106-165
bacterial disease 125-144 inherited and congenital
diseases 160-162
metabolic diseases 145-155 neoplastic diseases 165 nutritional diseases 145-155 parasitic diseases 144-145 toxicological diseases 155-160 traumatic diseases 162-165 viral diseases 106-125
topographic anatomy of superficial caprine musculature 96, 97 Mutation and delivery, general guidelines, abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676 Muzzle
see also oral cavity
bluetongue 458, 459
contagious ecthyma 30 MVV see maedi-visna virus Mycobacteriosis 37 Mycobacterium spp.
avium 409-410
avium subsp. paratuberculosis
(Map) 477, 478, 480-482, 484, 485 bacterial mastitis 745
bovis 409
caprae 409
paratuberculosis 115, 477, 481 tuberculosis 409
Mycoplasma
large colony type 127, 130, 131, 756-757 non-specific mycoplasma pneumonia 403-404
small colony type 127, 130 vulvovaginitis 680
Mycoplasma agalactiae 200 Mycoplasma arthritis 125-133
clinical findings 130-131
clinical pathology and necropsy 131-132 control 133
diagnosis 132
epidemiology 128-130 etiology 125, 126-127t, 127-128 Mycoplasma spp. isolated from goats 125, 126-127t, 127
pathogenesis 130
treatment 132-133
Mycoplasma conjunctivae 300, 301 Mycoplasma mastitis 756-758
clinical signs 757
control 758
diagnosis 757-758
etiology 756-757
Mycoplasma agalactiae 756
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri & mycoides 756-757
Mycoplasma putrefaciens 757 other mycoplasmas 757
treatment 758
Mycoplasma mycoides 737-738 Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae 399 Mycoplasma ovis
(eperythrozoonosis) 329-330 Mycoplasma spp.
granular vulvovaginitis 612 infectious keratoconjunctivitis 298-299 weight loss 785
Mycoplasmosis
home pasteurization 763
late abortion 666
Mycotic keratitis 300
Mycotoxic causes of toxic hepatitis of the liver 594
Myonecrosis 137-139
Myoporum spp. 594
Myositis and myonecrosis, clostridial 137-139
Myotonia congenita 14, 15t, 160-161 clinical findings 161 clinical pathology and necropsy 161 diagnosis 161 epidemiology 161 etiology and pathogenesis 160-161 treatment and control 161
n
N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) 743
N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphatase deficiency 14, 15t, 267
NAGase see N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase
NAHMS see National Animal Health Monitoring System
Nairobi sheep disease 461-463
clinical findings 462
clinical pathology and necropsy 462 control 463
diagnosis 462
epidemiology 461-462 etiology 461
late abortion 665
pathogenesis 462 treatment 462
Nairobi sheep disease virus (NSDV) 461
Nares, head examination 16
Nasal bots 397-398
Nasal discharge 390t, 392
Nasal leech 398
Nasal schistosomosis 398
National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) 2
National Institutes of Health (NIH) 10-11
National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) 9-10
National Research Council
(NRC) 829-833, 838
B vitamins 838
calcium dietary requirements 839 dry matter intake and
encumbrance 849-850
feeding growing kids after weaning 868
poisonous plants and fungi 871
vitamin D 837
vitamin E 837-838
National Scrapie Eradication Program
(NSEP) 208, 209
ND see neutral detergent
NDF see neutral detergent fiber
NE see net energy
Neck
body localization and skin diseases 28 examination 16
subcutaneous swellings 68, 75, 79-85 Necrosis of penile urethra 622 Necrotic laryngitis 400
Necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli
(NTEC) 530, 532
Nematode gastroenteritis 498-522
clinical findings 506
clinical pathology and necropsy 506-508 diagnosis 508
epidemiology 501-505 environment-host interactions 501 environment-parasite
interactions 501-503 host-parasite interactions 503-505 etiology 498-500
Ancyclostomidae 499 Gongylonematidae 499-500 Oxyuridae 499
Strongylidae 499
Strongyloididae 499
Trichostrongylidae 498-499
Trichuridae 499
location of nematodes in host 500-501 abomasum 500 cecum 500-501
colon 501
esophagus and rumen 500
small intestine 500
pathogenesis 505-506
prevention and control 518-522 resistance to anthelmintics by nematodes 513-518
treatment 508-513
amino acetonitrile derivatives 512-513 benzimidazoles and
pro-benzimidazoles 509-510 cholinergic agonists 511-512 cyclooctadepsipeptides 512-513 macrocyclic lactones 510-511 organophosphates 512 other miscellaneous
anthelmintics 513
salicylanilides 512 spiroindoles 512-513
Nematodiasis, weight loss 788
Nematodirus spp. 502-503, 505-507,
509, 511
Neonatal diarrhea complex 530-536 clinical findings 534
clinical pathology and necropsy 534-535 control 535-536
diagnosis 535
etiology and epidemiology 530-531 pathogenesis 534
treatment 535
Neoplasia
carcinomas 53
cardiovascular system and sudden
death 372-373
of female reproductive tract 681 and fibrocystic disease 730-731 male reproductive tract 696 melanomas 53-54
neoplastic disease 268-269
liver and pancreas 594-595 musculoskeletal system 165 nervous system 268-269 papilloma 53 pulmonary and thymic 418-419 udder warts 53 upper respiratory tract 398-399 weight loss 789
Neospora caninum and hydrocephalus 78 Neosporosis, late abortion 666-667 Neovascularization, corneal ulcer and keratoconjunctivitis 300
Nervous system 183-292
background clinical
information 184-188
anatomy and physiology 184 cerebrospinal fluid analysis 184-186 imaging techniques 186-187 neurologic examination 184 bacterial diseases 226-239 congenital diseases 265-268 diagnosis of disease by presenting
signs 188-191
altered mental state or behavior 188
cranial nerve deficits 188-189 gait abnormalities 189-190 involuntary activity 189 postural abnormalities 190-191 inherited diseases 265-268 inorganic chemical
neurotoxicities 259-261
neoplastic disease 268-269 neurologic diseases of unknown
etiology 269-270
neurologic signs
dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia 415 hepatic disease diagnosis 572 nutritional and metabolic diseases 248-255 organic chemical
neurotoxicities 261-265
parasitic diseases 239-248
plant toxicity 255-259
prion diseases 197-214
bovine spongiform
encephalopathy 209-214
scrapie 197-209
viral diseases 192-197, 215-226
border disease virus 219-221
Borna disease 222-224
caprine arthritis encephalitis
virus 215-219
louping-ill virus 221-222
maedi-visna virus 215-219 pseudorabies 195-197
rabies 192-195
West Nile encephalomyelitis 224-226
Net energy (NE) 830, 830t, 831, 832
Neutral detergent (ND) 835
Neutral detergent fiber
(NDF) 835, 835-836
Newborn kids
care 673-674
feeding 864-867
herd management 889-891, 897
Nickel 844
Nitrate poisoning 264, 420-421 diagnosis 420
etiology and epidemiology 420 pathogenesis and clinical signs 420 treatment 420-421
Nitrofurans 265
Nitrofurazones 491
Nitrogen
blood urea nitrogen 610, 614, 834, 857 milk urea nitrogen 834
urinary system 610, 614
Nocardia spp. 481
Nodular tubercular thelitis 733
Nolina texana 592
Non-infectious causes of late
abortion 667-669
drugs 669
inherited abortion of Angoras 667-668 malnutrition 667
stress 667
toxic plants 669
vitamins and minerals 668
Non-infectious keratoconjunctivitis 302-303 Non-mastitic alterations in goat
milk 759-762
bloody milk 760
low butterfat 761-762
off-flavored milk 760-761
Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)
substances 832-834, 842 Non-structural proteins (NSPs) 120-121 Nor98 (Atypical scrapie) 198-199,
201-202, 204-207, 209-210
Normal parturition 671-672
Normal skeletal variations 96
Normal thyroid function tests 80
NOSB see National Organic Standards Board NPN see nonprotein nitrogen substances NRC see National Research Council
NSDV see Nairobi sheep disease virus NSEP see National Scrapie
Eradication Program
NSPs see non-structural proteins
NTEC see necrotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Nubian goats
beta mannosidosis 14, 15t mucopolysaccharidosis IIID 14, 15t
Nuclear transfer, transgenic and cloned goats 10-12
Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants (NRC) 830, 831
Nutrition
see also digestive system
abortion 653
bacterial mastitis prevention 756 dietary roughage versus concentrates and dietary fat 762
early abortion 653
fiber production 897
malnutrition, late abortion 667 mohair 24
nutrient system and energy units 830t nutrient use, digestive system 437 off-flavored milk 761
weight loss 783-785
Nutritional and metabolic
diseases 828-886
anorexia 505-506, 571
digestive system
bloat 527-529
rumen impaction 529-530
dry matter intake 848-850
energy 829-832
activity 832 environment 831-832
gestation 832
growth and weight gain 832
lactation 832
maintenance 831 systems 830
feeding Angora and Cashmere
goats 869-871
feeding bucks and pet goats 868-869 arthritis 869
posthitis 869
urolithiasis 869
feeding growing kids 867-868
after weaning 868
before weaning 867-868 feeding lactating goats 859-864 feeding newborn kids 864-867
colostrum 864-865
first weeks 865-866
floppy kid syndrome 866-867
hypothermia and hypoglycemia 865 fiber 835-836 general ration balancing considerations 850-859 liver and pancreas 588-590 major minerals 838-842
calcium 839-840
magnesium 840-841
phosphorus 840
potassium 841
salt, sodium chloride 841
sulfur 841-842
summary 839-840, 840t musculoskeletal system 145-155
bentleg or bowie 151-152 epiphysitis 151
fibrous osteodystrophy (osteodystrophia fibrosa) 152, 153
laminitis 153-155
nutritional muscular
dystrophy 145-150
osteopetrosis 152-153 osteoporosis 150
rickets 150
zinc deficiency 155
nervous system 248-255
enzootic ataxia and
swayback 252-255 hypovitaminosis A 255 polioencephalomalacia 248-252 poisonous plants and fungi 871,
872-874t, 875
protein 832-835
milk urea nitrogen 834
urea toxicosis 834-835
skin 48-51
iodine deficiency 49
selenium-responsive dermatosis 50
selenium toxicosis 50
sulfur deficiency 50-51
vitamin A deficiency 49-50
vitamin E-responsive dermatosis 50 zinc deficiency 48-49 zinc-responsive dermatosis 48-49 trace minerals 842-847
cobalt 842
copper 843
fluorine 843
iodine 843-844
iron 844
manganese 844 molybdenum 843 nickel 844
selenium 844-846
summary 842t
zinc 846-847
urinary system 619-630
vitamins 836-838
B vitamins 838
vitamin A 836-837
vitamin D 837
vitamin E 837-838
water 847, 848
Nutritional muscular dystrophy 145-150, 370-371, 837, 844
aspiration pneumonia 415
clinical findings 147
clinical pathology and necropsy 147-148 control 149-150
diagnosis 148
epidemiology 146-147 etiology and pathogenesis 145-146 treatment 149
Nyctereutesprocyonoides (raccoon dog) 193
O
Oak poisoning 630
Obstructive urolithiasis 619-628
clinical findings 621-622
clinical pathology, radiology, and necropsy 622
control 627-628
diagnosis 622-623 epidemiology 620-621
etiology and pathogenesis 619-620 treatment 623-627
medical management 623 surgical management 623-624
Ocular abnormalities 188
Ocular position 294
Ocular system 293-313
amaurosis 306-308
anterior uveitis 303-304
cataracts 303, 304 clinical anatomy and examination 293-296
conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis 298-303
enucleation 308-309
glaucoma 303-305
lid abnormalities 296-298
malformations of the globe 296
retinal changes 305-306
Odocoileus Virginianus 455, 615 Odor of bucks 761
Oesophagostomum spp. 502, 505-509,
511, 512
Oestrus ovis 397-398
Off-flavored milk 760-761
causes 760, 761
herd problems 761 individual problems 761 evaluation 760 hygiene 761
milk lipase and its effects 760-761 Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) 10-11
OFPA see Organic Food Production Act OIE see World Organization for
Animal Health
Oliguria (urinary system) 613 Omental fat, lacking of and emaciation 793, 794
Omentum 436-437
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) 14
Open reading frame (ORF) 201 Ophthalmoscopic examination of the retina 295-296
Opioid immobilization 806-807 Opisthotonos 190-191
and tetanus 232
OPP see ovine progressive pneumonia Optimal housing for goats in temperature climates 396t
Oral cavity
clinical anatomy 435
head examination 15-16
stomatitis 441-443
weight loss 784
Orf see contagious ecthyma
Organic chemical neurotoxicities
nervous system 261-265 chlorinated hydrocarbons 263-264 miscellaneous 264-265 organophosphates and
carbamates 261-263
Organic Food Production Act (OFPA) 9-10 Organic goat production 901-905
clinical examination 9-10
Organophosphate anthelmintics 512 Organophosphate neurotoxicities 261-263 clinical findings 262
clinical pathology and necropsy 263 diagnosis 263
etiology and epidemiology 261, 262t pathogenesis 261-262
treatment and control 263
Ormilo 245, 308
Orthobunyaviruses 123-125
see also Akabane disease
Orthokeratotic (anuclear)
hyperkeratosis 26
Osteodystrophia fibrosa 78, 152, 153 Osteomyelitis 135-136
multifocal 135
Osteopetrosis 152-153
Osteoporosis 150
Ovarian tumors 681
Ovine herpesvirus (OvHV) 615
Ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) see maedi-visna virus
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
(jaagsiekte) 372-373, 402
Oxalate toxicosis 628-630
clinical findings 629
clinical pathology and necropsy 629
control 630
diagnosis 629
etiology and epidemiology 628-629
pathogenesis 629
treatment 629-630
Oxfendazole 508-509, 509t
Oximes 263
Oxytropis plant spp. 256-257
Oxyuridae 499
p
Packed cell volumes (PCVs) 315-316
babesiosis 336-337
coccidiosis 489
enterotoxemia 466
nematode gastroenteritis 505, 506, 508, 517-518, 520-521
plant-related anemias 349
PAGs see pregnancy-associated glycoproteins
Painful gait 104
Painful stance from coccidiosis 489
Palatability of rations 852
PAL-CAM see polymixin acriflavine LiCl cetazidime esculin mannitol
Pancreas 567, 567, 578t, 588, 595, 612
anatomy 567, 567
cystic lesions 612
diabetes mellitus 595
flukes 578t, 588
neoplasia 595
Papilledema 305
Papilloma 53
Papules 26
Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3) 411
Parakeratosis 26, 155
see also zinc
Paralysis 191
facial nerve paralysis 75, 188, 229 tick paralysis 247-248
Paramphistomiasis 490, 522-525
clinical pathology and necropsy 523-524
clinical signs 523 control 524-525 diagnosis 524 epidemiology 523 etiology 522-523 pathogenesis 523 treatment 524
Paramyxoviridae morbillivirus 450 see also peste des petits ruminants
Parasitic causes for weight loss 787-789
Parasitic diseases 38-48
see also nematode gastroenteritis 498-522 herd management and preventive medicine 898
liver 577-588
cysticercosis 579-580 echinococcosis (hydatid
disease) 578-579
fascioliasis 580-586
fascioloidosis 586-587
lancet fluke infection 587-588 tapeworm infections 577-578 musculoskeletal system 144-145 nervous system 239-248
coenurosis 244-247 elaphostrongylosis 239-242 parelaphostrongylosis 239-242 seteriasis 242-244 strongyloidosis 244 tick paralysis 247-248
pancreas 578t, 588
skin
besnoitiosis 48 biting flies 40 chorioptic mange 44-45 control chemicals 38, 39t cutaneous myiasis 40-41 demodectic mange (demodicosis) 45-46 elaphostrongylosis 47 filarid dermatitis 47-48
fire ants 40
fleas 40
free-living mites 46 gnats 40 keds 40 lice 38-40
mosquitoes 40 parelaphostrongylosis 47, 47 psoroptic mange 45
Raillietia (ear mites) 45
rhabditic dermatitis 47
Parasitic diseases (cont’d)
sarcoptic mange 43-44 strongyloidiasis 47 ticks 42-43 warbles 41-42
Parasitic pneumonia 412-415
Dictyocaulus pneumonia 412 echinococcosis, hydatidosis 414-415
Eimeria and other protozoa 414
liver flukes 415 protostrongylids 412-414 schistosomosis 415
Parathyroid glands 97
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disase) 785-786 clinical findings 479-480
clinical pathology and necropsy 480-482 control 483-485
diagnosis 482 epidemiology 477-478 etiology 477 pathogenesis 479 treatment 482-483
Paravertebral block 801
Parelaphostrongylosis 47, 47, 239-242
clinical findings 240-241
clinical pathology and necropsy 241 control 242
diagnosis 241
epidemiology 240
etiology and pathogenesis 239-240 treatment 241-242
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis 443
Paresis (weakness) 191
of Angora goats 267-268
spastic 268
Parotid lymph node 69
Parturient paresis (milk fever) 858-859 clinical signs 859 pathogenesis 858-859 prevention 859
treatment 859
Parturition 671-674
see also periparturient problems
care of newborns 673-674
colostrum 673-674 housing 673 respiration 673 umbilicus 673
evaluation of dystocia 672-673
induced abortion 669-671
normal 671-672
pregnancy toxeima 857-858
PAS see periodic acid-Schiff
Pashmina goats, global geographic
distribution 2
Pasteurella multocida 398
bacterial polyarthritis 133, 134
Pasteurella pneumonia 407-408, 787 Pasteurization
caseous lymphadenitis 72
home pasteurization 763
listeriosis 228 mycoplasmosis 406, 409 off-flavored milk 760-761 paratuberculosis 478
Q fever 658, 748
Pastured goats
clinical examination 9
physical examination of environment 18-19
rotation, nematode gastroenteritis 519
Patellar luxation 14, 15t
PCR see polymerase chain reaction
PDIN/PDIE values 833-835
Peanut agglutinin (PNA) 323
Pelodera (Rhabditis) strongyloides 47
Pelvic limb ataxia 242
PEM see polioencephalomalacia
Pemphigus 54-55
clinical signs and diagnosis 54 treatment 54-55
Penicillium 764-765
Penis 684
examination of 609-610
“hair rings” 613, 613 maturation of 685, 694 obstructive urolithiasis 619-628 penile and preputial abnormalities 694 physical examination 18
prepuce
physical examination 18
Posthitis 18, 618-619, 694, 869 translocation 698
Pentachlorophenol 265
PEP see postexposure prophylaxis
Pepsinogen 506-507
Percussion of lung fields 394
Pericardiocentesis 370
Perinatal nutrition, mohair 24
Perineum (skin lesions) 28
Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) 589, 734
Periorbital alopecia and inflammation 196 Periparturient problems 674-681 abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676-677
cesarean section 678-679 failure of cervical dilation 675-676 hydrops of the uterus 677-678 milk fever and uterine inertia 675 pregnancy toxemia 674 prolapsed uterus 679
prolapsed vagina 674-675 retained placenta and metritis 679-680 uterine artery rupture 679
uterine torsion 678
vulvovaginitis 680-681
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBC) 109, 112-113
Peritonitis 448
Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome 691 Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)
clinical pathology and necropsy 451-453 clinical signs 402, 451
control 453-454
diagnosis 402-403, 453
digestive 449-454
enzootic pneumonia 411
epidemiology 450-451
etiology and pathogenesis 402, 450 late abortion 665
neonatal diarrhea complex 533, 534 pathogenesis 402, 451
respiratory 402-403
skin 33-34
stomatitis 442
treatment 403, 453
Peste des petits ruminants virus
(PPRV) 450
Pet goat feeding 868-869
Peyer's patches 452
Peyronellaea glomerata 38
PFGE see pulse field gel electrophoresis
pH
indigestion and rumen acidosis 861-863 milk fat depression 864
pregnancy toxemia 856-857
rumen fluid evaluation 439-440
Pharyngitis 399
Phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) 607 Phenothiazine 669
Phlebitis 84
Phomopsis spp. 594
Phosphorus 840
musculoskeletal system 99t, 100
Photodermatitis, hepatic disease
diagnosis 572-573
Photosensitization 51-52
clinical signs 51-52
etiology 51
hepatic or secondary 572 phenothiazine 513
plants causing toxic hepatitis 592-594 treatment and prevention 52
Physical examination 13-19
abdominal 17
chest examination 16-17
congenital and inherited
abnormalities 14, 15t
direct physical examination of individual goats 13
environment 18-19
field necropsies/slaughterhouse checks 19 general inspection 13-15 head examination 15-16 inspection from a distance 13 of integument 15 of limbs 17 neck examination 16 reproductive system 17-18 Pieris formosanum 444 Pigmentary changes 27 Piperazine 265 Pituitary gland, diabetes mellitus 595
Placenta
see also abortion lactogen 645 retained and metritis 679-680 Plant toxicity
acute respiratory signs 419-421 aspiration pneumonia 416 ataxia 190 cardiotoxic plants 371 chorioretinopathy 306 convulsions (seizures) 189 embedded plant material, contact dermatitis 53 hepatitis 592-594 late abortion 669 leukograms 319 milk production 764-765 musculoskeletal system 159-160 nervous system 255-259
Astragalus poisoning 256-257
bitterweed poisoning 255 coyotillo poisoning 255-256 cycasin toxicity 257-258 guajillo poisoning 257 hairy caltrop poisoning 257 milkweed poisoning 257 miscellaneous 258-259 zamia staggers 257-258 nutritional and metabolic diseases 871-875 urinary system 605 oak poisoning 630 weight loss 789
Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) 225
Platelet parameters (blood) 319 Pleuritic friction rubs 393-394 Pleuritis of lungs 417, 418 Pleuropneumonia 405-406 see also contagious caprine pleuropneumonia clinical signs 405-406 contagious bovine pleuropneumonia 127
diagnosis 406
etiology 405
treatment and prevention 406
PMBC see peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PMCA see prion misfolding cyclic amplification
PNA see peanut agglutinin
Pneumocystis carinii 411 Pneumonia
see also maedi-visna virus
aspiration pneumonia 415-416 bacterial pneumonia 407-410 caprine herpesvirus 397, 616 chlamydial pneumonias 403, 406 contagious caprine
pleuropneumonia 404-405 enzootic pneumonia 411 fungal pneumonia 410-411 non-specific mycoplasma 403-404 parasitic pneumonia 412-415 pleuropneumonia 404-406 progressive interstitial
retroviral 401-402
Q fever pneumonia 403, 406 treatment and prophylaxis 416-417 viral causes of 400-403 weight loss 787
Poincianella pyramidalis 160
Poisonous plants and fungi 871, 872-874t, 875 see also plant toxicity
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) 183-184, 248-252, 307, 308
clinical findings 250
clinical pathology and necropsy 250-251 control 252
diagnosis 251
epidemiology 250
etiology and pathogenesis 248-250 treatment 251-252
Pollakiuria (urinary system) 613-614
Polled goat alternatives to dehorning 818 Polled intersex disorders 681-682
clinical signs and management 682 diagnosis 682 etiology 682
prevention 683
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
see also reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
caprine arthritis encephalitis 108,
109, 112-113
chlamydiosis 656
clostridial myositis and myonecrosis 138 contagious caprine
pleuropneumonia 405
contagious ovine digital dermatitis 141 cryptosporidiosis 496 eperythrozoonosis 329-330
heartwater (cowdriosis) 377 infectious keratoconjunctivitis
diagnosis 300, 301
late abortion, toxoplasmosis 663
listeriosis 226, 230
Lyme disease 136-137
mycoplasma arthritis 127, 131, 132 mycoplasma mastitis 757 paratuberculosis 482, 484 pseudorabies 196-197
rabies 194
respiratory system 396
schistosomosis 382
stomatitis 442
trypanosomosis 343 warts and squamous cell carcinomas 734-735
West Nile encephalomyelitis 224-225 Polymixin acriflavine LiCl cetazidime esculin mannitol (PAL-CAM) 226 Polyradiculoneuritis 269 Polyunsaturated fatty acids
(PUFAs) 837, 838
Polyuria (urinary system) 613
Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) 195 Posthitis 694, 869
ulcerative 18, 618-619
Postural abnormalities 190-191
Potassium 841
Potassium cyanide (KCN) 764 PPR see peste des petits ruminants
PPRV see peste des petits ruminants virus Precocious udder in doe 14, 15t, 731 Predation 162-164
clinical signs and diagnosis 163
control 164
epidemiology 162-163
treatment 163-164
Pregnancy
see also abortion
diagnosis 644-648, 644t diagnostic techniques 645-648 use of test results 648
diagnostic techniques
amplitude depth ultrasound 645 doppler 645-646
hormonal assays 645
Pregnancy (cont’d)
other techniques 648
real-time ultrasound 646-648
use of test results 648
feeding 853-854
stroke volume and cardiac output 369t toxemia 674, 854-858
clinical signs 855-856
etiology 854-855
laboratory tests 856-857
necropsy findings 857 pathogenesis 855
prevention 858
prognosis 857
treatment 857-858
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) 645
Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) 645 Prepuce
physical examination 18 posthitis 18, 618-619, 694, 869
Presentation, position, and posture of fetus 676-677
Prion causes for weight loss 785
Prion diseases of the nervous system bovine spongiform
encephalopathy 197, 209-214 scrapie 197-209
Prion misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) 206
PRNT see plaque reduction neutralization test
Pro-benzimidazoles, nematode gastroenteritis 509-510
Procyon lotor 193
Progesterone 643, 645
Progestogens 643, 644
Progressive interstitial retroviral pneumonia 401-402 see also caprine arthritis encephalitis clinical signs 401
diagnosis 401-402 etiology 401
Progressive paresis
of Angora goats 14, 15t, 267-268
and CAEV 217
Projectile vomiting 444-445
Prolapsed uterus 679
Prolapsed vagina 674-675 management of mild prolapses 674 retainers and trusses 674-675
vulvar sutures 675
Propofol 806
Prosopis glandulosa 443
Prosopis juliflora 258, 443
Prostaglandin 650, 670-671
Protein 120-121, 197-214
crude protein 830, 833
hypoproteinemia
abdominal distension 446 liver 571, 588, 589, 591 nematode gastroenteritis 505, 506, 506, 507
paramphistomiasis or rumen flukes 523-524
salmonellosis 471
immune system 321, 322t
MAP1, 376, 377
metabolizable protein 833-834 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, 323 nutrition and metabolic
diseases 832-835
off-flavored milk 761 pregnancy-associated glycoproteins 645 pregnancy diagnostic techniques 645 pregnancy-specific protein B 645 pregnancy toxemia 856-857
prion protein 197-209 serum proteins of the immune system 321, 322t
undegradable intake protein 833 Protostrongylids 412-414
clinical signs and necropsy findings 413 control 414
epidemiology and pathogenesis 413 etiology 412
treatment 414
Protothecosis 37
Protozoal diseases
digestive system 485-498
coccidiosis 485-489 cryptosporidiosis 494-498 hemic-lymphatic system 335-344 babesiosis 335-337 theileriosis 337-339 trypanosomosis 339-344
Proximal perineal urethrostomy technique 626
PrPc protein
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 209-214
scrapie 197-209
Pruritus 27, 40, 41, 189
periorbital alopecia and inflammation 196
scrapie 202, 203t
Przhevalskiana (Hypoderma) silenus (warble fly) 41
Pseudolesions from agonal death or autolysis 797-798
Pseudomonas spp. 691
aeruginosa 135
bacterial mastitis 745
mastitis 745, 755
Pseudopregnancy 648-650
diagnosis 649-650
epidemiology 649
etiology 649
historical perspectives and clinical
signs 648-649
treatment and prevention 650 Pseudorabies 195-197
clinical findings 196
clinical pathology and necropsy 196-197 diagnosis 197
epidemiology 196
etiology 196
pathogenesis 196
treatment and control 197
Psoriasiform dermatitis 55
Psoroptic mange 45
PSP see phenolsulfonphthalein
Pteridium spp. 306, 324, 349, 764
PUFAs see polyunsaturated fatty acids
Pulex irritans (human fleas) 40
Pulmonary and thymic neoplasia 418-419
Pulmonary disease 417-418
Pulmonary edema and pleuritis 417-418
Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) 226
Pupil 295
Pustules 26
on skin of udder 733
Pyelonephritis 605
Pygora 25
Pyrantel tartrate 509t, 512
2-Pyridine aldoxime methiodide
(2-PAM) 263
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids 593, 764
Pythium insidiosum 38
q
Q (Query/Queensland) fever 657-658 bacterial mastitis 745-746 diagnosis 657-658
epidemiology 657
etiology 657
pneumonias 403, 406
treatment and control 658
qPCR assays, paratuberculosis 482 Quercus spp. 448, 630
Quinolones 491, 492t
r
Rabies 192-195
clinical findings 193-194
clinical pathology and necropsy 194 diagnosis 194-195
epidemiology 192-193
etiology 192
pathogenesis 193 pseudorabies 195-197 treatment and control 195
Radiofrequency identification (RFID) 898 Radiography
cardiovascular system 368 changes in carpus with caprine arthritis encephalitis 113
evidence of osteomyelitis 136 fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153 interstitial pneumonia 401 of lungs 395
progressive interstitial retroviral
pneumonia 401
urinary calculi in urinary
bladder 610, 611 Radioimmunoprecipitation assay
(RIPA) 112
Raillietia (ear mites) 45
Mycoplasma spp. infection association with 127
Raised pens to prevent nematode gastroenteritis 518, 519 Rancidity of milk 750-751
Range goats
clinical examination 9
physical examination of
environment 18-19
Ration balancing considerations 850-859 abortion 854
body condition scoring 852-853 feeding pregnant goats 853-854 forage quality 851
palatability 852 pregnancy toxemia 854-858 silage 851-852
starvation 853
zero-grazing 850-851
REA see restriction endonuclease analysis Real-time quaking induced conversion
(RT-QuIC) 206
Real-time ultrasound 646-648 hydrometra 649
Rear limbs see hindlimbs
Recessive atrichosis 14, 15t Recombinant human tissue plasminogen
activator (rhtPA) 10 Rectovaginal fistula 14, 15t Rectum 436, 621, 641, 646 Recumbency and weakness 106 Red blood cells (RBCs)
see also blood
anaplasmosis 328 copper poisoning 346-348 erythrocyte parameters 315-316 kale anemia 348-349
leptospirosis 333-334 trypanosomosis 342
Regional anesthesia 102, 800-803
Regurgitation 444-445
Relative fetal oversize and fetotomy 677 Reproductive system 640-727
abortion 650-669
early abortion 652-653
induced, or parturition 669-671
late abortion 653-669
buck 684-689
anatomy 684
arthritis 696-697
breeding soundness
examination 686-688 castration 699-701, 897-898 gynecomastia 695-696 neoplasms 696 other problems 695-697 penile and preputial
abnormalities 694 physiology and sexual
development 684-686
poor libido 695
processing semen for artificial insemination 689
surgery of reproductive tract
697-701
testicular and epididymal
abnormalities 689-693 transmissible diseases by semen or embryos 697
doe 641-644
control of estrus 643-644
estrous cycle 641-643
early abortion 652-653
induced abortion or parturition 669-671 drugs used 670-671
experimental techniques 671 indications 669-670
infectious causes of late
abortion 653-667
Akabane, Cache Valley, and
Schmallenberg viruses 654-655 brucellosis 658-660 campylobacteriosis 660 chlamydiosis 655-657 leptospirosis 660-661
listeriosis 661 miscellaneous infections 664-667 Q fever 657-658 salmonellosis 661-662 toxoplasmosis 662-664
intersex disorders 681-684 freemartins 683
other chromosome abnormalities 683-684
polled intersex 681-682
late abortion 653-669
infectious causes of late
abortion 653-667
non-infectious causes of late abortion 667-669
neoplasia
female reproductive tract 681 male reproductive tract 696 non-infectious causes of late
abortion 667-669
drugs 669
inherited abortion of
Angoras 667-668
malnutrition, stress, and other environmental factors 667
toxic plants 669
vitamins and minerals 668 parturition 669-674
care of newborns 673-674 evaluation of dystocia 672-673 normal 671-672
periparturient problems
abnormal fetal presentation, position, or posture 676-677
cesarean section 678-679
failure of cervical dilation 675-676 hydrops of the uterus 677-678 milk fever and uterine inertia 675 pregnancy toxemia 674 prolapsed uterus 679 prolapsed vagina 674-675 retained placenta and
metritis 679-680
uterine artery rupture 679
uterine torsion 678 vulvovaginitis 680-681
physical examination 17-18 pregnancy diagnosis
techniques 644-648, 644t pseudopregnancy 648-650 sexual development disorders 681-684
REs see retinol equivalents
Residual blindness, amaurosis 308 Residue avoidance, antibiotic, treatment of bacterial mastitis 750
Resistance to anthelmintics by
nematodes 513-518
Respiration and care of newborns 673 Respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV) 400-401, 411
Respiratory system 389-433
anatomy 390
aspiration pneumonia 415-416
Respiratory system (cont’d)
bacterial pneumonia 407-410 chlamydial pneumonias 403, 406 clinical examination 390-396
advanced laboratory diagnostic techniques 396
auscultation of lungs 393-394 blood gas measurements 394 bronchoalveolar lavage 395 computed tomography of thorax 395-396
coughing 392
dyspnea 391-392
externally audible sounds 392
lung biopsy and aspiration of fluid from thorax 396
nasal discharge 390t, 392 percussion of lung fields 394 radiography of lungs 395 respiratory rate 391
transtracheal aspiration 394-395 ultrasonography of thorax 395 upper respiratory tract 392-393 contagious caprine pleuropneumonia 404-405 devocalization 421
effect of environment 396-397 enzootic pneumonia 411 fungal pneumonia 410-411 lower respiratory tract diseases 400 mycoplasma 403-406 parasitic pneumonia 412-415 plant toxicity 416
acute respiratory signs 419-421 pleuritis 417, 418 pleuropneumonia 405-406 pulmonary and thymic
neoplasia 418-419 pulmonary edema 417-418 Q fever pneumonia 403, 406 respiratory rate 391 signs of disease and possible causes 390-391t
upper respiratory tract 392-393
diseases 397-400
viral causes of pneumonia 400-403 Restraint 5-6
dehorning 820
methods for intravenous blood sampling 6
Restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) 615
Retained placenta and metritis 679-680 Retainers, prolapsed vagina 674-675 Retching 444-445
Retention of cud in cheek 75
Retina
changes 305-306 chorioretinitis 305 chorioretinopathy 305-306 papilledema 305
detachment 306
ophthalmoscopic examination 295-296 Retinol equivalents (REs) 836 Retropharyngeal lymph nodes 399 Retroviral infections
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis; viral diseases
anterior uveitis cause 304
enzootic nasal tumor 398-399
Retroviral (CAE) mastitis (hard
udder) 758-759
clinical signs 759
diagnosis 759
etiology and epidemiology 758-759 treatment and control 759
Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
bluetongue 460
border disease virus 220
foot and mouth disease 120
Nairobi sheep disease virus 462 peste des petits ruminants 402-403, 453 rabies 194
Rift Valley fever 574
upper respiratory tract 399
West Nile encephalomyelitis 224-225 RFID see radiofrequency identification Rhabditic dermatitis 47
Rhipicephalus tick spp. 247, 461
Rhodococcal pneumonia 410 Rhodococcus equi osteomyelitis 135-136
Rhododendron macrophyllum 444
RhtPA see recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator
Rickets 150
Rickettsial diseases 657-658
see also heartwater; Q fever
blood and lymph systems anaplasmosis 327-329 eperythrozoonosis 329-330 tick-borne fever 330-332
cardiovascular system 327-332 heartwater (cowdriosis) 374-378
heartwater, pulmonary edema 418
Rift Valley fever (RVF) 572
clinical findings 574
clinical pathology and necropsy 574 control 575
diagnosis 574
epidemiology 573-574
etiology 573
late abortion 665
pathogenesis 574
treatment 575
Rinderpest 299, 453, 454
Ringworm
see also dermatomycosis
clinical signs and diagnosis 37
etiology 37
treatment and prevention 37-38 RIPA see radioimmunoprecipitation assay Robertsonian translocation 14,
15t, 683-684
Rotavirus 534-535
RSV see respiratory syncytial virus
RT-QuIC see real-time quaking induced conversion
Rubber rings, castration 700
Rumen
acidosis 861-863
atony 445
fluid evaluation 439-440
normal values 439, 440t
flukes 522-525
impaction 529-530
nematode gastroenteritis 500 paramphistomiasis 490, 522-525 production of vitamin B12 (white liver disease) 589
Rumen fluid sampling sound 862 Ruminal tympany 445-447, 527-529 Ruptures
gastrocnemius muscle 105, 105-106 urethral 86-87
uterine artery rupture 679
RVF see Rift Valley fever
S
SAA see serum amyloid A
Saanen goats
afibrinogenemia 14, 15t
lactation curves 860
Sacahuiste 592
Sacral paravertebral alcohol block 803 Salicylanilides 512
Salivary mucocele 75, 76
Salivation 441-443
Salmonella spp. 534-535 Salmonellosis 469-473, 490, 661-662
clinical findings 471
clinical pathology and necropsy 471-472
control 473
diagnosis 472
epidemiology 469-470
etiology 469
neonatal diarrhea complex 534-535
pathogenesis 470-471
treatment 472-473
Salt 841
poisoning 260-261
Sarcocystosis 145, 667
Sarcoptic mange 43-44
clinical signs 43
diagnosis 43
therapy 43-44
Scales and crusts see crusting and scaling
Scars on caudal aspect of teats by aggressive nursing 735, 736
SCC see somatic cell counts
Scent glands 826
Schefflera digitata 242-244
Schistosomosis 378-382, 398, 415
clinical findings 381
clinical pathology and necropsy 381-382 control 382
diagnosis 382
epidemiology 379-380 etiology 379
pathogenesis 380-381
treatment 382
Schmallenberg virus 14, 15t, 654-655
Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) of the
European Commission 212
Sclera 294
SCNT see somatic cell nuclear transfer
Scrapie 197-209
chorioretinopathy 305-306
clinical pathology and necropsy 204-207
clinical progression of laboratory- confirmed case 203, 204
clinical signs 202-204
control 207-209
diagnosis 207 epidemiology 199-200 etiology 197-198
pathogenesis 200-202
treatment 207
Scrapie Ovine Slaughter Surveillance (SOSS) 199
Scrotum
bipartite scrotum in Angora goats 14, 15t circumference 686-687 hernia 693
physical examination 18 Scurs/dehorning 825 SDH see sorbitol dehydrogenase Seasonal herd health management
dairy goats 895t
hair goats 899t
meat goats 900t
Seasonal pasturing 519
Sebaceous glands and waxy secretion 14
Sedation, xylazine congeners 807
Seizures 189
Selenium 844-846
deficiency 145-150, 844-845 dietary recommendations and
supplementation 845 selenium-responsive dermatosis 50 soil content in the United States 846 toxicosis 50, 845-846
Self-sucking 732
Semen
see also sexually transmitted diseases; sperm transmissible diseases 697
Senna (Cassia) roemeriana 159
Seroma 67-68
Serratia mastitis 755
Serum amyloid A (SAA) 612-613
Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
(SGPT) 567, 568t
Setariasis 242-244
clinical findings 243
clinical pathology and necropsy 243 control 244
diagnosis 243
epidemiology 243
etiology and pathogenesis 243 treatment 243-244
Sex determination of fetus by
ultrasound 647-648
Sexual behavior of goats 4-5
Sexual development disorders 681-684
SGEV see Spanish goat encephalomyelitis virus
SGOT see aspartate aminotransferase
SGPT see alanine aminotransferase; serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase
Shearing 896
Shedding 23
Sheep and goat hybrid abortion 652-653 Sheep and Goat Research Journal 2-3 Sheep pulmonary adenomatosis 402 SHI see synergistic hemolysis inhibition Short-acting barbiturates 803
Short tendons in Australian Angora
goats 14, 15t
Silage 851-852
listeriosis 227-231
Silver nitrate 302
Sinusitis 78
dehorning 824
Skeletal malformations 14, 15t
Skin 22-66
bacterial diseases 34-37
clinical laboratory examination and skin disease 28-29 clinical signs of disease 26-28 hyperkeratosis 26 laboratory examination 28-29 papules 26 scales and crusts 26-27 vesicles and pustules 26 congenital conditions 54 contagious ovine digital dermatitis 139-144 descenting 825, 826 diagnosis of disease 26-29 absence of skin 28 alopecia 27 body localization 28 clinical laboratory examination 28-29 clinical signs 26-28 erythema 27 history 26 pigmentary changes 27 pruritus 27 diseases and injuries of the udder 732-736
environmental insults 51-53 etiological diagnoses 29 fiber production 23-25 fungal diseases 37-38 goat skin quality 901 hepatic disease diagnosis 572-573 inherited conditions 54 irritation, scrapie 202, 203t miscellaneous conditions 54-55 allergy or hypersensitivity 55 alopecia areata 55 alopecic exfoliative dermatitis 55 ichthyosis 55 lichenoid dermatitis 55 pemphigus 54-55 psoriasiform dermatitis 55 neoplasia 53-54 normal anatomy and physiology 23 nutritional diseases 48-51 parasitic diseases 38-48 photosensitization 51-52 copper poisoning 345 hepatic disease diagnosis 572-573 phenothiazine 513 production of skins 26 pustules, udder 733 viral diseases 29-34
Slaughterhouse studies 19, 730-731, 811, 812
Small colony (SC) type mycoplasma 127, 130 Small East African (SEA) goats 341 Small intestine 436, 500
Small ruminant Ientiviruses (SRLVs) 106-107,112-113, 215-219
see also caprine arthritis encephalitis; maedi-visna virus
Small ruminant morbillivirus see peste des petits ruminants
Small Ruminant Research 2
Social status (dehorning) 824-825
Sodium sulfanilate (SS) 607
Solanum spp. 258, 259, 349
Solenopsis invicta (fire ant) 303
Somatic cell count (SCC)
bacterial mastitis 748
cell enumeration and mastitis
diagnosis 738-742
mycoplasma mastitis 133, 757
retroviral mastitis (hard udder) 759
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)
10-12
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) 346-347, 567, 569t
Sore feet 103-104
Soremouth
see also contagious ecthyma udder lesions 732, 733
SOSS see Scrapie Ovine Slaughter Surveillance
Spanish goat encephalomyelitis virus (SGEV) 221, 222
Spanish sheep encephalomyelitis virus
(SSEV) 221
Spastic entropion 297
Spastic paresis 268
Specified-risk materials (SRM) 210-211 Speckle-tracking echocardiography 369 Sperm
granulomas 14, 15t, 692-693 morphology 687-688
semen collection 687-688
semen motility and concentration 688 semen processing for artificial
insemination 689
Spiroindoles 512-513
Spontaneous lipolysis 761
SPs see structural proteins
Spurge, toxic hepatitis of the liver 593 Squamous cell carcinomas 53, 734-735 SRLV see small ruminant lentivirus
SS see sodium sulfanilate
SSC see Scientific Steering Committee of the European Commission
SSEV see Spanish sheep encephalomyelitis virus
Staggers 244-247
see also coenurosis
blind 257
zamia 257-258
Stanleya spp. 845-846
Staphylococcal dermatitis 34-35 clinical signs and diagnosis 35 etiology 35
treatment and prevention 35 udder 733
Staphylococcus spp.
aureus
bacterial mastitis 746, 749 bacterial mastitis, dry-off procedures and dry-period therapy 753
infectious keratoconjunctivitis 299 meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses 237
pustules on skin of udder 733 infectious keratoconjunctivitis 299 orchitis and epididymitis 691
Starvation 853
STDs see sexually transmitted diseases Stenosis, teat obstruction and 735-736 Stephanofilaria assamensis 47-48 Stephanofilaria kaeli 47
“Sterile abscesses” (tissue necrosis caused by injection) 79
Sternal abscesses and hygromas 84-85
Sternal osteomyelitis 135
Steroids
elaphostrongylosis/ parelaphostrongylosis 241-242
induced abortion 670
late abortion 669
listeriosis 231
pregnancy toxemia 857-858
Sticky kid syndrome of Golden Guernsey goats 14, 15t, 54
Stiff gait 104
Stilesia tapeworm 525, 577-578
Stomatitis 34, 441-443
Stranguria (urinary system) 613-614 Streptococcus spp.
abscess in upper neck 68
bacterial mastitis 747-748, 753
bacterial polyarthritis 133, 134
Streptomyces spp. 510
Stress
evaluation of dystocia 672
late abortion 667
medullation, mohair 24
Stroke volume and cardiac output 369t
Strongylidae 499
Strongyloides spp. 499, 512, 572 Strongyloidiasis 47, 244, 499, 797t Strongyloididae 499
Structural proteins (SPs) 120-121
Sturdy see coenurosis
Stypandra imbricatta (blind grass) 306 Subcutaneous swellings 67-94
abdomen and escutcheon 85-87
chest and neck 68, 75, 79-85
head 75-79
lymph node enlargement 69-75 unrestricted distribution 67-68 urinary system 612
Submandibular edema (bottle jaw) 506 Sudden death 792-798
cardiovascular system 370-373 causes 796-797t
interpretation of findings 795-798
nutritional muscular dystrophy 370-373
preliminary decisions 792-795 examination by owner 793 necropsy technique 793-795
pseudolesions from agonal death or autolysis 797-798
Sulfobromophthalein 570 Sulfonamides
coccidiosis 491, 492t
cryptosporidiosis 497
Sulfur 841-842
deficiency 50-51, 841
dietary recommendations and supplementation 842
Sunburn 51
udder 734
Superficial keratinized acidophilic cells and estrus 641-642
Supernumerary teats 14, 15t, 729 Supportive therapy
babesiosis 337
bacterial mastitis 751
leptospirosis 334
listeriosis 231
pneumonia 417
Surgery of male reproductive
tract 697-701
castration 699-701
preparation of teaser bucks 697-699 Suspension of udder 730 Swayback 252-255
see also enzootic ataxia
Swelling
see also subcutaneous swellings
around the joints 104
bluetongue 458, 459, 459
fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153 head of bucks 78
Sylvatic rabies 193
Symmetrical cortical siderosis 605 Synergistic hemolysis inhibition
(SHI) 71
Synovial fluid analysis 101-102
Synthetic substances allowed for organically raised goats 903-904t
t
Tachypnea (dyspnea) 391-392, 399
Taenia hydatigena 579, 579-580
Taenia multiceps 144, 244-247
TALENs see transcription activator-like effector nucleases
Tapeworms 144, 525-527, 526t, 788
see also parasitic diseases clinical pathology and necropsy 527 clinical signs 527
coenurosis 244-247, 307-308 control 527
cysts 85
diagnosis 527 epidemiology 526
etiology and pathology 525-526 gastrointestinal 525-527 liver and pancreas
cysticercosis 579, 579-580
Stilesia and Thysanosoma 577-578 treatment 527
TBEV see tick-borne encephalitis virus complex
TDMI see total dry matter intake
TDNs see total digestible nutrients
Teaser bucks 697-699
Teat
dips 755
double or fused 14, 15t, 729-730 obstruction and stenosis 735-736 wall cysts 730
wounds 736
Teepol tests 739-740
Teeth see tooth
Teladorsagia circumcincta 503, 504, 510, 512-514, 521
Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) spp. 502, 505-507, 509, 511-514
Temperature
and butterfat 762
nematode gastroenteritis 502 normal body 14
and respiratory system 396
Tephrosia apollinea (plant-related anemia) 349
Testicles 684
see also scrotum; sperm abnormalities 689-693
segmental aplasia of epididymis 693 sperm granulomas 692-693, 693, 693 atrophy or degeneration 689-690 castration 699-701, 897-898 cryptorchidism 690-691, 897 epididymal abnormalities 689-693 evaluation for abnormalities 689 gynecomastia of buck 695, 696 hypoplasia 14, 15t, 690 orchitis and epididymitis 691-692 persistent Mullerian duct syndrome 691 scrotal circumference 686-687 scrotal hernia 693 segmental aplasia of epididymis 693 sperm granulomas 692-693 vasectomy 698-699
Testosterone 685-686, 825-826
Tetanus 232-234
clinical findings 232-233
clinical pathology and necropsy 233 control 234 diagnosis 233 epidemiology 232
etiology and pathogenesis 232 prophylaxis, dehorning 823-824 treatment 233-234
Tetrahydropyrimidines 509t, 511, 512, 514 Theileriosis 337-339
clinical pathology and necropsy 338 clinical signs 338 diagnosis 338
etiology and epidemiology 337-338 pathogenesis 338
treatment and control 338-339
Thelazia spp., infectious keratoconjunctivitis 299
Thermal disbudding procedures 238 Thermal meningitis 824
Thermoneutral zone (TNZ) 831-832 Thiabendazole 508-509, 509t,
510, 764-765
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-dependent enzyme 249
Thorax
aspiration of fluid 396
computed tomography 395-396 ultrasonography 395
Thymic neoplasia 418-419 Thymoma 349-350, 418 Thymus 75, 83-84
Thyroglossal duct cyst 79-80
Thyroid gland
and goiter 80-83 hypothyroidism 81, 677, 689-690 subcutaneous swellings of head and neck 75
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 843
Thyroxine (T4) 80
Thysanosoma spp. 525, 577-578
Tick-borne encephalitis virus complex
(TBEV) 221-222
Tick-borne fever 319, 330-332
clinical pathology and necropsy 331 clinical signs 331 diagnosis 331 epidemiology 330-331
etiology and pathogenesis 331
late abortion 666
treatment and control 331-332
Ticks 42-43
clinical signs and diagnosis 42
control 43
etiology 42
important species 42t
paralysis 247-248
clinical findings 248
clinical pathology and
necropsy 248
diagnosis 248
etiology 247
pathogenesis 247-248 treatment and control 248
therapy 43
Tiletamine 806
Tissue necrosis caused by injection 79
TME see transmissible mink encephalopathy TNF see tumor necrosis factor TNZ see thermoneutral zone Togaviridae spp., Wesselsbron
disease 575-576
Toggenburg goats, lactation curves 860
Toggenburg Orbivirus (TOV) 455 Toll-like receptors 324
Tongue
see also bluetongue
pitting edema 458, 459
ulceration, peste des petits
ruminants 451, 452
Tooth
dental lesions of chronic fluorosis 157
fibrous osteodystrophy 152, 153 fluorosis 155-158
loss, retention of cud in cheek 75
root abscess 75, 77
Topographic anatomy of superficial caprine
musculature 96, 97
Torsion, uterine 678
Total digestible nutrients (TDNs)
830, 830t
Total dry matter intake (TDMI) 848-850
Toxemia
amaurosis 307
anterior uveitis causes 304
pregnancy 854-858
Toxic hepatitis of the liver 590-591
drug and chemical-related
causes 591-592
fungal and mycotoxic causes 594
plants 592-594
Toxicological diseases
see also plant toxicity
cardiovascular system 371, 372 hemic-lymphatic system 344-349 copper poisoning 344-348 kale anemia 348-349 other plant-related anemias 349 plant toxicity 344-349
liver and pancreas 590-594 musculoskeletal system 155-160 chronic selenium poisoning 158-159 hypervitaminosis D 155 lupinosis 160 plant toxicity 159-160
Toxicoses
see also plant toxicity
abdominal pain or colic 448
copper 843
selenium 845-846
urea toxicosis 264, 834-835
Toxic plants see plant toxicity
Toxins
see also plant toxicity
Clostridium perfringens 463t
excreted in milk 764
antibiotics and anthelmintics 764-765 pyrrolizidine alkaloids 764
tremetol 764
non-infectious keratoconjunctivitis 303 Toxoplasmosis
abortion
early abortion 653
late abortion 662-664
anterior uveitis causes 304
TPP see thiamine pyrophosphate
Trace minerals 842-847
cobalt 842
copper 843
fluorine 843
iodine 843-844
iron 844
manganese 844
molybdenum 843
nickel 844
selenium 844-846
summary 842t
zinc 846-847
Tracheal bronchus 390
Tracheitis 399-400
Tranquilizers 800, 804-806
liver biopsy 571 obstructive urolithiasis 623 preanesthetic considerations 808 tetanus 233
withdrawal intervals 800t Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) 11 Transfusions (blood) 317-318 Transgenic goats
clinical examination 10-12
herd management 905-907 closed environments free of pathogens 905-906 product quality and safety 906 vaccination 906-907 veterinary medications 907 history and development 10-12 Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) 197
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 209-214
scrapie 197-209 Transtracheal aspiration 394-395
indications 394
technique 394-395 Traumatic conditions
anterior uveitis causes 304
blood loss 326t
cardiovascular system and sudden death 372
musculoskeletal system 162-165 fractures 164-165 predation 162-164
pharyngitis 399 Trematodiasis, weight loss 788 Tremetol 764
Tremors, muscular 189 Triazinons, coccidiosis 491, 492t, 493 Trichomoniasis 694
Trichostrongylus spp. 498-514, 521 Trichuris spp. 499, 507, 512 3,5,3-Triiodothyronine (T3) 80 Trimedoxime bromide 263
Trisetum favescens 104, 160 Tropicamide and examination of retina 295
Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes 70, 71, 139, 237
see also caseous lymphadenitis
and bacterial mastitis 748 weight loss 787, 787
Trusses, prolapsed vagina 674-675 Trypanosoma spp. 340-341t
brucei 342, 343
congolense 342-343, 503-504, 641 infectious keratoconjunctivitis 299-300 vivax 342
Trypanosomosis 339-344, 789
clinical pathology and necropsy 343
clinical signs 342-343
control 344
diagnosis 343
epidemiology 339, 341
etiology 339
pathogenesis 342
testicular abnormalities 692 treatment 343-344 in various hosts 339, 340-341t
TSEs see transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
TSEV see Turkish sheep encephalitis virus
TSH see thyroid-stimulating hormone Tuberculosis 409-410
bacterial mastitis 745
clinical signs 409
control 410
cross reactions in diagnosis,
paratuberculosis 409, 485 diagnosis 409-410 digestive system,
paratuberculosis 476-485 etiology 409 weight loss 785-786
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) 323
Tumors
see also neoplasia; individual tumors cervical 681
ocular 298
ovarian 681
ovine pulmonary
adenocarcinoma 372-373, 402 udder, squamous cell
carcinomas 734-735
uterine 681
Tunga penetrans (sand flea) 40
Turkish sheep encephalitis virus
(TSEV) 221
Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography 369
U
Udder
see also mammary glands
anatomy and malformations 728-731 blind udder halves 730 double or fused teats 729-730 neoplasia and fibrocystic
disease 730-731
normal anatomy 728-729 poor udder suspension 730 supernumerary teats 14, 15t, 729
weeping teats and teat wall cysts 730
body localization and skin diseases 28 diseases and injuries 732-736 caseous lymphadenitis 734 contagious ecthyma 732-733 dermatomycosis 734
edema 736
frostbite 734
nodular tubercular thelitis 733 soremouth lesions 732, 733 staphylococcal dermatitis 733 sunburn 734
teat obstruction and stenosis 735-736 teat wounds 736
warts and squamous cell
carcinomas 734-735
retroviral mastitis 758-759
warts 53
weight loss, abscess 787
UIP see undegradable intake protein
Ulcerative posthitis 618-619
clinical findings 618-619
clinical pathology and necropsy 619 control 619
diagnosis 619
epizootiology 618
etiology and pathogenesis 618
treatment 619
Ulcers
bluetongue 458, 459
necrotic stomatitis 442
ocular system and
keratoconjunctivitis 300
peste des petits ruminants 451, 452 Ultrasound 646-648
cardiovascular system 369
estrous cycle 641
fetal age determination 647
liver 571
ocular system 296
reproductive system
estrous cycle 641 pregnancy 645-648
sex determination 647-648
thorax 395
transabdominal scanning 646, 647 transrectal and transvaginal
scanning 641, 646
urinary calculi in urinary bladder 611
Umbilical abscess 86
Umbilical hernia 14, 15t, 85-86
Umbilicus, care of newborns 673 Undegradable intake protein (UIP) 833 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2, 10, 199, 438
APHIS 10, 208, 483
transgenic goats 906
Unsaturated fatty acids, off-flavored milk 761
Upper respiratory tract 392-393 diseases 397-400
abscessation of retropharyngeal lymph nodes 399
bacterial rhinitis 398
caprine herpesvirus 397 foreign matter 398
laryngitis 399-400
nasal bots 397-398
nasal leech 398
nasal schistosomosis 398
neoplasia 398-399
rhinitis 397
tracheitis 399-400
traumatic pharyngitis 399
Urea nitrogen
blood 610, 614, 834, 857
milk 834
Urea toxicosis 264, 834-835
clinical signs 834-835 pathogenesis and epidemiology 834 prevention 835
treatment 835
Uremia (urinary system) 614
Urethra
extending beyond glans
penis 606, 606-607 obstruction with calculi 621 obstructive urolithiasis 619-628 recess 607
reproductive system of the buck anatomy 684
normal maturation of penis 685 rupture 86-87
urethrostomy technique 626
Urinalysis 610 abnormal 612-613 normal values 610t
Urinary system 604-639
clinical background
information 606-611
anatomy 606-607
diagnostic methods and clinical pathology 609-611
physiology 607, 608t, 609
disease diagnosis by presenting
sign 611-614
abdominal distension 611-612 abnormal appearance of urine or abnormal urinalysis 612-613
abnormal-appearing vulva and vagina 612
anuria, oliguria, and polyuria 613
dysuria, pollakiuria, and stranguria 613-614 subcutaenous swelling 612 metabolic diseases 619-630 nutritional diseases 619-630 overview of conditions 604-606 clinical and subclinical kidney conditions 604-606 conditions distal to kidney 606 specific diseases 614-630 infectious diseases 614-619 nutritional and metabolic diseases 619-630
Urine
abnormal appearance of 612-613 collection 610
obstructive urolithiasis 619-628 acidification 627 calculogenic solute reduction 627-628 increasing output 627
scald 52
Urolithiasis 619-628, 869 abdominal pain or colic 448
USDA see United States Department of Agriculture
Use of goats 1-2
Uterus
cesarean section 678-679, 858 hydrops 677-678 prolapse 679
uterine artery rupture 679 uterine torsion 678 uterine tumors 681
V
Vaccination 7, 8, 10
bacterial mastitis prevention 755-756 bacterial pneumonia 408 bluetongue 460 brucellosis 659
campylobacteriosis 660 caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis 618 caseous lymphadenitis 73 clostridial myositis and
myonecrosis 138-139 contagious caprine
pleuropneumonia 405 contagious ecthyma 31-32 contagious ovine digital dermatitis 143-144 dairy goat herd
management 890-891, 893
DIVA 122-123, 453
DIVA vaccines 122-123, 453 enterotoxemia 468-469 enzootic pneumonia 411
Vaccination (cont’d)
fiber-producing goat herd management 898
foot and mouth disease 121-123 leptospirosis 334 listeriosis 661
nematode gastroenteritis 522 paratuberculosis 485 peste des petits ruminants 453
Q fever 658
Rift Valley fever 575
salmonellosis 473
scrapie 200
theileriosis 338-339
toxoplasmosis 663-664
transgenic goat management 906-907 trypanosomosis 342
tuberculosis 410
Vagina
see also caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis; vulva abnormal-appearing 612 artificial 686
caprine herpesvirus vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis 614-618
prolapse 674-675
rectovaginal fistula 14, 15t ultrasound, reproductive system 646 vulvovaginitis 680-681
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
(vCJD) 197, 209-213
Vasectomy 698-699
Venous blood, gas measurements 394t
Ventilation, and respiratory system 396
Ventral edema of Angoras 86
Ventral hernia 86
Ventricular septal defects (VSD) 367, 373 VEP see visual-evoked brain stem potentials Veratrum californicum 14, 15t,
161-162, 296
Vernonia mollissima 593-594
Verotoxins 530-531
Vesicles and pustules 26
Vesicular glands of the buck 684
Vesicular stomatitis 34
Vessels of the cardiovascular system
see also blood
structure of 366-367
Vestia foetida (Solanaceae) 594
Veterinary medications
see also anthelmintics; antibiotic therapy; drugs
organically raised goats 902-905, 903t
transgenic goat herd management 907
Viral causes for weight loss 785
Viral causes of pneumonia 400-403
Viral diseases
digestive system 449-463 bluetongue 454-461 Nairobi sheep disease 461-463 peste des petits ruminants 449-454 rinderpest 453, 454
liver
Rift Valley fever 573-575 Wesselsbron disease 575-576 musculoskeletal system 106-125
Akabane disease and related orthobunyaviruses 123-125 caprine arthritis encephalitis 106-116 foot and mouth disease 116-123 nervous system 192-226 border disease 219-221 Borna disease 222-224 caprine arthritis encephalitis 215-219 louping-ill 221-222 maedi-visna 215-219 pseudorabies 195-197 rabies 192-195
West Nile encephalomyelitis 224-226 skin 29-34
capripox 32-33 contagious ecthyma 29-32 miscellaneous 33-34
Virkon® 410
Virus neutralization (VN) 194, 220
Visual-evoked brain stem potentials (VEP) 188
Vitamin A 836-837
deficiency 49-50
amaurosis 307 clinical signs and diagnosis 50 etiology 50 non-infectious
keratoconjunctivitis 303 signs of 836 treatment and prevention 50 dietary recommendations and supplementation 836-838
Vitamin B12, 589, 761, 842
Vitamin D 837
dietary recommendations and supplementation 838
musculoskeletal system 100
Vitamin E 837-838
deficiency nutritional muscular dystrophy 145-150 off-flavored milk 761 signs of 837-838
dietary recommendations and supplementation 838
Vitamin E-responsive dermatosis 50
Vitamins 836-838
see also individual vitamins...
late abortion 668
VN see virus neutralization
Vocal folds, devocalization 421
Vomiting 444-445
Vomitoxin 875
VSD see ventricular septal defects
Vulpes vulpes 193
Vulva
abnormal-appearing 612
ectopic mammary gland 87 physical examination 17-18 sutures in prolapsed vagina 675 Vulvovaginitis 680-681
caprine herpesvirus 680 leiomyofibromatosis 680-681 mycoplasma 680
W
Walpole's solution 625
Warbles 41-42, 85
pathogenesis and clinical signs 41 therapy 41-42
Warts and squamous cell
carcinomas 734-735
etiology and epidemiology 734-735 pathogenesis and clinical signs 735 treatment and prevention 735
Wasting disease/weight loss 449, 781-791 Water 847, 848
Wattle cyst 79-80
Waxy secretion at base of tail 14
WB see western blot
WBCs see white blood cells
Weakness
nervous system 191
paresis 191, 267-268
and recumbency 106
Weanling goats and coccidiosis 489, 493-494, 494
Weeping teats and teat wall cysts 730 Weight gain 832
Weight loss 197, 449, 781-791
see also anorexia
causes 783-790
bacterial causes 785-787 nutrition-related causes 783-785 viral and prion causes 785
clinical examination 781-783 environmental examination 782-783 history taking 781-782 laboratory diagnosis and
necropsy 783
physical examination 782
hepatic disease diagnosis 573
miscellaneous causes 789
parasitic causes 787-789
Wesselsbron disease 572, 575-576
clinical findings 576
clinical pathology and necropsy 576 diagnosis 576
etiology and epidemiology 575-576 late abortion 666
pathogenesis 576
treatment and control 576
Western blot (WB)
Borna disease virus 223
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 214
caprine arthritis encephalitis 112
scrapie 205
West Nile encephalomyelitis 224-226
clinical findings 225
clinical pathology and necropsy 225 diagnosis 225-226
etiology and epidemiology 224-225 treatment and prevention 226
White blood cells
(WBCs) 318-319, 336-337
see also blood; lymphatic system
White liver disease 588-590
clinical findings 589
clinical pathology and necropsy 589 control 589-590
diagnosis 589
epidemiology 589
etiology and pathogenesis 589
treatment 589
Wire used in dehorning 821 scurs 825
Witch's milk 731
Withdrawal (WD) intervals of
anesthetics 800t
Wohlfahrtia magnifica 41
World Organization for Animal
Health (OIE)
bovine spongiform encephalopathy 210, 213, 214
caprine arthritis encephalitis 114 contagious caprine
pleuropneumonia 404
foot and mouth disease 117, 120-122 listeriosis 226
Mycoplasma agalactiae 756 mycoplasma arthritis 128, 131 peste des petits
ruminants 449-451, 453-454 rinderpest 454
World Trade Organization (WTO) 213
X
Xylazine 804, 805, 820, 821 congeners 805-806
y
Yawning, hepatic disease diagnosis 573
Year-round grazing 519
Yeasts 38, 75
Yersinia spp. 474, 533, 659
Yersiniosis 473-476
clinical findings 475
clinical pathology and necropsy 476 control 476
diagnosis 476
epidemiology 474-475
etiology 474
late abortion 666
pathogenesis 475
treatment 476
Z
Zamia staggers 257-258
Zenker's necrosis see nutritional muscular dystrophy
Zero-grazing systems 518, 850-851
Zinc
deficiency 48-49, 155 clinical signs 48-49 diagnosis and treatment 49 etiology 48 signs of 846-847 testicular hypoplasia 690 dietary recommendations and supplementation 847
Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) 11
Zolazepam 806
Zwoegerziekte see maedi-visna virus