Index

Note: Bold page numbers refer to illustrations.

abbreviations 771-2

abdominal surgery 159-61 abdominal tumours 307, 314-15

abdominal wall 154

abdominocentesis 497, 498, 498

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and communities 14

absorption (drugs) 169-70, 176-7 oral, in herbivores and folivores 170, 176-7 subcutaneous 177

Acaroptes vombatus 555

acepromazine 636, 726, 728

acid-fast bacteria (AFB) 351, 354, 775

Acinetobacter baumannii, carbapenen-resistant 291 acoustic transmitters/tags 25, 164, 431, 543-5 Actinobacteria 249, 258

Actinomyces

denticolens 474

sp.

spp. 484

acute abdomen, paediatric patients 267

acute stress 112, 113, 488

adaptive immunity 103, 106-8

Adelina sp. 457

adenine 9-β-D-arabino-furanoside 363 adenocarcinoma 162, 207, 301-2, 304-5, 307-9, 311-16 adenomas 300, 302, 304-5, 308, 310-16

adenomatosis 304, 312 adenomyoepithelioma 162, 311 adhesive tape impressions 187-9, 195, 774 adiaspiromycosis 554, 558 adrenal activity, and stress 114 adrenal tumours 306, 307, 316 adrenaline 35, 113

adrenocortical tumours 310, 311, 313 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 115-16

Aeromonas

hydrophila 430, 451

spp. 448, 652

afoxolaner 192, 370

African swine fever 6

age, and macropod progressive periodontal disease 486 aggressive behaviour 467, 628, 648-9

agile antechinus (Antechinus agilis) 114, 189, 204, 363, 398, 573, 776

agile wallaby (Notamacropus agilis) 190-1, 205, 206, 308-9, 366, 391, 396, 469, 726

albendazole 171, 174, 467, 471, 737, 745

albumin levels, paediatric patients 257 alfaxalone 132, 173, 416, 549, 725-8 alimentary tract abnormalities, macropods 474-6 allergic blepharitis 445 allometric scaling 169-70 alopecia 189-99

bats 197

dasyurids 197 echidnas 197, 198, 449, 453

koala 195, 197 pinnipeds 199, 631 platypus 197 possums 197-9 red kangaroo 195 wombats 202, 559

α-tocopherol 737

Alphaherpesvirinae (alphaherpesviruses) 359-62 Alternaria sp.

altrenogest 756

alveolar disease 558

Amblyomma

spp. 27 triguttatum 388

amikacin 205, 355, 650, 744, 746, 749, 754, 756 aminoglycosides 181, 257, 294, 295

amitraz rinse 194, 743

amoebiasis 474

amorolfine nail lacquer 733

amoxicillin 173 -4, 467, 734-5, 737, 746, 749, 752, 754 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 180, 451, 733, 738, 742, 744, 746, 748-50, 752, 754

amphotericin B 200, 382, 445-6, 510, 619, 733, 739 ampicillin 294

amprolium 462

amprolium-ethopabate 743

amputation

first digit, bats 155 tail, macropods 156 amyloidosis 470, 472, 477 anaemia 328, 388, 395, 429, 431

and Babesia infection in antechinuses 398

and Babesia infection in macropods 398-9 bats 326, 393

dugongs 250 koalas 392, 497

and Theileria infection in bandicoots and platypuses 398 anaesthesia

bandicoots 136, 149, 728 bats 138, 149, 728 bilbies 136, 728

cetaceans 146-7, 729 dasyurids 135, 727 dingo 139, 728 echidnas 126-7, 725 field 130, 136, 142, 147-9 gliders 136, 727

koalas 132-3, 726-7

Iocoregional 132 macropods 130-1, 149, 467, 726 numbats 135, 727

oral and dental procedures 213 paediatric 262-3, 265 pinnipeds 140-5, 141, 729 platypuses 124-6, 725 possums 136, 149, 727 regional, dental extractions 225 rodents 138-9, 149, 728 wombats 134, 727

anaesthetic induction chamber 125-6, 135, 136, 138

anal gland tumours 307, 309, 311

anal sac sarcoma 312

analgesia

burn patients 415-16

in cetaceans 638

in koalas 506

paediatric patients 263, 265

postoperative, dental extractions 225 translocations 35

analgesics 132, 445, 638, 756

see also non-opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs; opioid analgesics

anaplastic sarcoma 312

anatomy considerations in surgery 153-4

Ancylostoma ceylanicum 284 andromedotoxin 323

anelodont dentition 218

angioleiomyosarcoma 309

angiostrongyliasis see neural angiostrongyliasis (NA) Angiostrongylus

cantonensis 27, 31, 334, 365-6, 428, 563, 591, 602 definitive host 365, 367 diagnosis 369 intermediate host 368 life cycle 365, 367 paratenic host 368 pathology 368-9, 368

mackerrasae 334, 365-6, 369, 602

spp.

Animal Health Australia 3, 5-7, 11, 13-14

Animal Management in Rural and Remote Indigenous Communities (AMRRIC) 12

animal moves, and macropod progressive periodontal disease 486

animal welfare 54-5, 60-1, 90, 94-5, 122, 152, 324, 405-6, 543 monitoring, translocations 20-1

anklets (tracking) 543-5, 544

Anoplotaenia dasyuri 31

antacids 445

Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) 350, 621, 624-5, 698-9 antechinus (Antechinus spp.) 715

bufotoxicosis 328

cryptococcosis 377 demodicosis 189, 204

developmental milestones 261 environmental mite dermatitis 191 herpesviruses 360, 363 immune function and stress 114 immunity 107 metabolic rate 234 nematodes 204 neoplasia 207, 306-7 nutrition 243, 246 otitis externa 207 parasites 572-3 piroplasms 396, 398 reproductive biology 74-5, 79 teat numbers 72 toxicoses 324 venipuncture site 721 anterior chamber collapse syndrome 514 anthelmintics 170, 179, 369-70, 471, 591 anthropogenic trauma

cetaceans 635 pinnipeds 628 antibacterial drugs

bandicoots and the greater bilby 748 bats 749

cetaceans 754-5 dasyurids and the numbat 746 dugong 756 koalas 738-9

macropods 734-5 monotremes 733 pinnipeds 752 possums and gliders 744 rodents 750 wombats 742

antibacterial-induced dysbiosis 179-80, 181, 508-10, 536, 650, 781

antibiotic-resistance 290, 291, 416 detection determinants in terrestrial wildlife 294 machinery 291-2

antibiotic-resistant bacteria 290 in Australian mammals 292-5 case examples in wildlife 294-5 concerns over ‘last-line’ of defence 292 hospital-acquired infections 295 mechanisms 290-1 multidrug-resistant strains 291, 295 spread in the environment 295 spread to wildlife 290, 291, 295 ‘superbugs’ 291, 295 antibiotics

in echidnas 444-5

intraoperative, in dentistry 225-6 in koalas 502-4, 505-6, 536-7 in macropods 467 postoperative, in dentistry 226 recommendations for use in wildlife 296 systemic, burns patients 416

antibodies, species-specific 104-5

anticoagulant toxins 324

anticoccidial drugs 462-3

anti-diabetogenic diets 249 antifungal drugs

bandicoots and the greater bilby 748

bats 749

cetaceans 638, 755

koalas 739-40

macropods 735-6

monotremes 445, 733

possums and gliders 744 wombats 742

antifungal resistance 510-11

antifungal shampoos 196

anti-inflammatory drugs, in echidnas 445

antilopine wallaroo (Osphrnter antilopinus) 308-9, 477

antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 102

antimicrobial resistance 290-6

detecting 292

emergence 290-1

recommendations to minimise spread in wildlife 295-6 wildlife, superbugs and multidrug resistance 291-2, 295 see also antibiotic-resistant bacteria

antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, spread in the environment 295 antimicrobial stewardship 295-6 antioxidant capacity 465, 466

antioxidants 630

antiparasitic drugs

bandicoots and the greater bilby 748

bats 750

cetaceans 756

dasyurids and the numbat 747 dingoes 757

dugong 756

koalas 741

macropods 467, 470-4, 737

monotremes 734

pinnipeds 753

possums and gliders 745

rodents 751

wombats 743

antipyrene 171

antiviral drugs, cetaceans 755

apnoea 125, 127, 132, 135, 141, 143, 147

apocrine adenocarcinoma 313

apocrine adenoma 300, 305, 308

Aponomma auruginans 29

arboviruses, zoonotic 275

arthritis 535, 536

arthropods, for disease risk analysis 27-31, 33-4

artificial nectars 245, 246

ascorbate 507

ash-grey mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus) 248, 315, 391

Asian house shrew (Suncis marinus) 365

Aspergillus

fumigatus 513

spp.

aspiration pneumonia 269 assisted colonisation 19, 22-3, 25, 46-7 astrocytoma 307, 316

Asymmetracantha tasmaniensis 32 atipamizole (atipam) 139, 725-9 atovaquone 346, 734, 737, 747, 756 atrioventricular block 574, 575 atropine 141, 517 auditory testing, cetaceans 636 Australasian Inter-service Incident Management System (AIIMS) 406

Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) 6, 9, 11, 90, 273-6, 326, 333, 335, 338, 367, 594-5, 599-601 clinical signs and pathology 599-600 current status 599

diagnosis 600 flying-foxes and microbats as host 333, 335, 599 human infections 274, 600

Lyssavirus Disease Strategy 13 management of human and animal exposure 600 management of risk in ex situ populations 600-1 as notifiable disease 600

surveillance 600

Australian carpet python (Morelia spilota) 563

Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP) 10

Australian Code for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes 14, 15

Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus diriferus) 199, 232, 244, 249, 275, 277, 283-4, 293, 295, 316, 327, 350, 621-2, 624-6, 628-31, 698-9, 784

Australian hump-backed dolphin (Sousa sahulensis) 344, 635

Australian leishmaniasis 334-5, 338

Australian sea-lion (Neophoca cinerea) 621, 624-5, 729 antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 293, 295 biochemistry 700 dermatophytosis 195 entanglement 628 haematology 700 neoplasia 316 nutrition 244, 249 ophthalmic disease 629 as possible Brucella host 284 pups, predated by white sharks 628 tuberculosis 275, 277, 350

Australian snub-finned dolphin (Orcaella heinsohni) 200, 284, 641, 644

Australian spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus nudicaudatus} 377

Australian Veterinary Emergency Plan (AUSVETPLAN) 13, 600, 610

Australia’s National Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy - 2020 and Beyond 295

Austrosimulium pestilens 194 autoimmune dermatological disorders 198 autonomic nervous system 113

HPA activity as measure of stress 113-14 as measure of stress 113

avian influenza 335 avulsed teeth 223 azaperone 416, 725-6 azathioprine 734, 754 azithromycin 179, 734, 746

B lymphocytes 102, 107 B-cell lymphosarcoma 317 Babesia

bovis 395

lohae 395, 396

macropus 27, 334, 395-6, 398-9 microti 400

sp.

spp. 30, 32, 395, 398, 478 tachyglossi 396, 398 thylacis 396 vogeli 396 babesiosis see piroplasms Bacillus cereus 24, 30 bacitracin 295 back young (BY) 261, 548-9 bacteria, for disease risk analysis 26, 28-32 bacterial diseases

in bandicoots and greater bilby 590

in bats 601

in cetaceans 640-1 dermatological 196-7, 200-1, 204 in macropods 469-70 in pinnipeds 625-6 potentially zoonotic 283-4, 470 in wombats 554 zoonotic 275-8, 280-2 bacterial pseudomycetoma 204 bacterial skin samples 187 Bacteroides

spp. 484, 495 tectus 469

Bacteroidetes 236, 238, 247, 249-50, 258, 495

Bairnsdale ulcer see Buruli ulcer balanoposthitis 470 banded hare-wallaby (Lagostrophusfasciatus) 390 bandicoot papillomatosis carcinomatosis virus 32, 206, 300, 309, 333, 468, 589, 590

bandicoots 588-92 acoustic tags 165 alopecia 591 anaemia 398 anaesthesia 136, 149, 728 anatomy and physiology 588 biochemistry 685-6, 687-8 as Buruli ulcer host 283 capture 136 chemical restraint 136 chlamydial infections 29, 531 cholelithiasis 592

cryptococcosis 377, 590 cryptosporidiosis 282

dental formulae 213

dental record 767

diseases 589-92

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 32

drug therapy 748

environmental mite dermatitis 191

as erysipeloid host 283 fleas 193, 591

gastrointestinal tract 231 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematology 685, 687 herpesviruses 360-1, 590 as leptospirosis host 278, 281 lice 591

loss of pouch young 78

metabolic rate 234

mites 591

miticides 192

mycobacterial diseases 283, 351, 354 nematodes 204

neoplasia 206, 300, 300, 308-10, 312-13 nutrition 241, 247

parasites 590-1 physical restraint 136 piroplasms 395-8 poxvirus infections 206

pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 136 preventative medicine 589 psoroptid mites 192

as Q fever host 277, 281, 333, 590 reproduction 588-9 reproductive biology 75

as Salmonella host 277, 280 sarcoptic mange 190, 339

as scrub typhus host 277, 281 sedation 136, 728

tail trauma 589

thermoregulation 588

tick dermatitis 194

ticks 591

toxicoses 325

toxoplasmosis 334, 344-6, 590 translocation 44, 46-7

trypanosomes 387, 389-90, 393 venipuncture sites 722

barbiturates 270

bare-backed fruit-bat (Dobsonia magna) 594 bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) 551 anaesthesia 727

cryptooccosis 377

dwarfism 559

gastrointestinal tract 230

GIT commensal microorganisms 258 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematological and biochemical values 675-6 hand-rearing 553

herpesviruses 360-2 hyperostosis 559 hypervitaminosis D 328 immunity 101, 106-7 neoplasia 310

oral examination 214 pharmacological studies 175 pneumonia 269, 558 reproduction 69, 71-2, 76 sarcoptic mange/scabies 192-3, 279, 285, 334-5, 362, 557,

782

sarcoptid mites 190, 190 subspecies and distribution 551 thermoregulation 552 toxoplasmosis 344-6 trypanosomes 389

barium sulfate 451

Barmah Forest virus 275

Bartonella spp.

basal cell carcinoma 300, 313-16

basal cell epithelioma 308

basal metabolic rate (BMR) 229-30, 234-5, 246-7, 588 bats 594-607

anaesthesia 138, 149, 728

antimicrobial resistance 292

Australian bat lyssavirus 9, 273-6, 326, 333, 335, 338, 367, 594-5, 599-601

bacterial pathogens 601 biochemistry 689-90, 691-3 candidiasis 194

capture 137

carnivorous 137-8, 594

castration 164

chemical restraint 138

clinical examination 595-8

clinical history 595 congenital defects 266 coronaviruses 601

deformities 606-7

dental formulae 213 dental record 769 dentition 216 dermatophytosis 195 drug therapy 749-50 environmental skin lesions 202 frugivorous 248, 594 gastrointestinal tract 232 haematology 689, 691, 693 as host for emerging disease 337 immune system 99, 101-2, 104-8 injury management 604-5 insectivorous 137-8, 248, 594, 602 long bone fractures 155

managed care diet 248 miticidal treatments 192 mycobacterial diseases 352, 354 nematodes 204 neoplasia 299, 313-14 non-infectious diseases 603-7 nutrition 243, 248 nutritional dermatoses 197 otitis externa/media 207 ovariohysterectomy 164 parasitic diseases 602-3 patagial injuries 157 persistent organic pollutants 327 pharmacological studies 170 physical restraint 137-8 physiological alopecia 197 physiological data 715 poxvirus infections 205 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 138 pruritis 207 pteropodids 137-8 sedation 138, 728 species-specific antibodies 104 toxicities 605-6

trauma 604-5

trypanosomes 387, 389-91, 393-4, 602 urinalysis 713 vasectomy 164

venipuncture sites 598, 722 white-nose syndrome 5, 9, 195, 335, 339, 601-2 wing membrane repairs 157 zoonosis 137 see also flying-foxes; microbats

Baylisascaris tasmaniensis 29-30 beak and bill 154 beaked whale circovirus 640 behavioural conditioning 140 Bennett’s tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus bennettianus) 234, 309 benzathine penicillin 174, 492, 650, 735, 742, 744, 756 benzodiazepines 130, 134, 136, 257, 638, 729

Bertiella trichosuri 31

Besnoitia spp. 27, 334, 473 β-lactams, resistance to 292, 294-5 Betaherpesvirinae 359, 360 bettongs 128

anaesthesia 726

antiparasitic drugs in 467 biochemistry 659-60 botryomycosis 204 coccidiosis 472

cryptococcosis 378 crytosporidiosis 473 diet 238

environmental mite dermatitis 191 gastrointestinal helminths 471 glucocorticoid studies 21, 117

haematology 659

herpesviruses 201, 361, 362

metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial infections 205, 355

neoplasia 309

neural angiostrongyliasis 366

nutrition 242

papillomaviruses 468

piroplasms 395, 396, 397, 399

poxvirus infections 206

as Q fever host 281

reproductive biology 75

toxoplasmosis 346

trypanosomes 387, 389-90, 392-3, 399 bilby see greater bilby biliary tumours 306-13, 315 biochemical values 657-710

juveniles 262

biosecurity 24, 46, 394, 550

definition 5

biosecurity system in Australia 3, 7-8

protocols and guidelines 8

and wildlife health 6-10

biotoxins 643-4

birds, spread of resistant bacteria 295 biting flies 194 biting lice 193

black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto) 9, 101, 103-7, 117, 294, 333,

365-6, 389-90, 599, 602, 604, 611-13, 689-90

black fruit-bat (Pteropus alecto) 276

black rat (Rattus rattus) 351, 365, 388, 392

black wallaroo (Macropus bernardus) 206

black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) 90, 293-4, 353, 466, 663-4

contraception 92

overabundance 87, 88

black-footed tree rat (Mesembriomys gouldii) 243, 248, 314-15, 620, 696-7

black-striped wallaby (Notamacropus dorsalis) 191 Blastocystis

hominis 651

spp. 473-4

Blastomyces spp. 641 blepharoconjunctivitis 449 blood collection sites 599, 650, 720-3 blood pressure monitoring 131, 145, 147, 263 blood transfusions 445-6 blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) 117 blunt trauma 412 body condition assessment 230-1

platypuses 431

short-beaked echidnas 439, 442-3, 442

body temperature monitoring 263

bone marrow 100

examination, koalas 497-8

Boopia

bettongia 591

tarsata 555

Bordetella bronchiseptica 26, 33, 511 bordetellosis 511

Borrelia sp. 447 bot fly myiasis 472 Bothriocroton concolor 447 botryomycosis 204, 447 Bradiopsylla echidnae 447 bradyarrhythmia 572, 574 bradycardia 125, 127, 131-2, 141, 143, 257 bradyzoites 284, 343-4

Bravecto 193

bridled nail-tailed wallaby (Onychogaleafrenata) 33, 106, 117,

191, 309, 472, 726 brodifacoum 324 bromadiolone 324 bromhexine hydrochloride 741 bromovinyl deoxyuridine (BVDU) 363 bronchial tumours 309, 312, 315 bronchiolar carcinoma 315 bronchoalveolar carcinoma 311, 315 bronchopneumonia 447 brown adipose tissue 263 brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii) 74, 101, 106, 189, 191,

204, 207, 234, 261, 306, 325, 398

Brucella

ceti 284, 625, 640-1 pinnipedialis 284, 625 sp. 284 spp. 625, 631, 652 suis 6, 619 brucellosis 284, 619, 625, 641 brush-tailed bettong (Bettongiapenicillata) 21, 26-7, 34, 47, 75,

101, 106-7, 117, 191, 206, 238, 309, 346, 361, 362, 378, 387, 389-90, 392-3, 396, 467-8, 471, 659-60, 737 brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) 76, 204, 232, 234, 306, 353, 363, 377 brush-tailed possum adenovirus 31 brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) 123, 129, 160,

191, 257, 293-4, 309, 389-90, 397, 465-6, 471, 473, 475-6, 663-4 gastrointestinal tract 230 translocation 22, 24-5, 33-5, 130 bubble-through vaporiser 136, 139, 148-9, 148 bufotoxins 328, 574 bulbourethral glands 67, 69, 71 bulla osteotomy 157 bulldog rat (Rattus nativitatis) 388 bupivicaine 35, 559, 736, 740, 749 buprenorphine 502-4, 630, 733, 736, 740, 742, 744, 746, 748-9,

751

Burkoholderia pseudomallei 26 burn injuries

burn depth 407 classifying 407, 410 echidnas 404, 450 fluid therapy 413

gliders 411

koalas 404, 415, 514-15

macropods 411 paronychia and progressive digital necrosis 410-11 patient evaluation and triage 409-12 percent total body surface area 408

possums 408, 411

and smoke inhalation and thermal respiratory injury

408-9

treatment 412-17

drug therapy 416-17

fluid therapy 413

immediate 413

pain management 415-16

wound management 413-15 burrowing bettong (Bettongia lesueur) 34, 238, 390, 395, 397, 472-3

Buruli ulcer 283, 333, 335, 351, 563-4, 563, 590 buscopan 504 bush rat (Rattusfuscipes) 23, 28, 191, 277, 283, 315, 365, 390-1, 619, 696-7

bushfire-affected wildlife 404-18

assessment 407-12

classifying burns 407-8

euthanasia 411-12

feeding free-ranging wildlife during or after bushfires

417-18

impact on veterinary and animal care workers (VACWs)

405

nutrition 417

patient evaluation and triage 409-12 smoke inhalation and thermal respiratory injury 408-9 treatment 412-17

veterinarians role 406-7

welfare and ethical considerations 404-5

butorphanol 138, 636, 638, 652, 726-9, 751, 755 butorphanol tartrate 742, 744

cadmium toxicity 326 caeco-colic dysbiosis/typhlocolitis syndrome (CDTS) 496,

504, 506, 508-10, 566-7

aetiology and pathogenesis 508, 781 clinical signs and diagnosis 508-9, 509 pathology 509, 781

prognosis 510

treatment and prevention 509-10 caecotrophy 246 caffeic acid agar 381 cage traps 135-6, 138-9

cage-tunnel 133

treadle 128, 129

wire-mesh 135

cages

bats 595

squeeze 136,140

calcinosis cutis 328

calcium-based uroliths 238, 245

calcium disodium edentate 750, 756

calcium glubionate 745

calcium gluconate 745

calcium oxalate 323

California sea-lion (Zalophus californianus) 141, 153, 165, 176, 622-4, 630

Calliphora sp. 591

Camellia sp. 323

camera traps 59, 431, 547, 548

Campylobacter

jejuni 30

spp. 26, 32, 651

Candida

albicans 194, 201, 446, 451, 511, 513

antifungal resistance 510

barcarensis 451

borborygmi 451

glabrata 446

parapsilois 446

spp. 194, 446, 451, 461, 508, 510, 510, 776 candidiasis 180, 194, 508, 510-11, 554 cane toad (Rhinella marina) 328 canefield rat (Rattus sordidus) 283 canid-pest ejectors 322 canine tick antiserum 750

canine transmissible venereal tumour (CTVT) 315-16, 578 cannibalism of pouch young 78

capactity buildings and international activities 14 cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus) 327 Capillaria

hepatica 619, 783

spp. 32, 591, 748

capnometry 145, 147

capture 34, 122-49

bats 137

cetaceans 145

dasyurids 134-5

dingo 139

dugong 147

echidnas 126

gliders 135-6

koalas 132, 546-50

macropods 127, 128-9

numbats 134-5

pinnipeds 139-40, 622 platypuses 123-4 possums 135-6 and pouch young considerations 21, 548-9 precautionary principles 123

rodents 138

wombats 133-4, 553

capture myopathy 122, 127

carafate 503-4

carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) 291 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) 291, 295 carbapenems, resistance to 291, 294 carbon monoxide toxicity 409

carboplatin 170, 175, 582, 747

carcinoma 305, 307, 309, 311, 313-16

mammary 301-2, 306, 308, 312-13 carcinoma-in-situ 301, 305-7 carcinosarcoma 311 cardiac disease

dugongs 652

Tasmanian devils 572, 574, 783

wombats 555

cardiac function, paediatric patients 263 cardiomyopathy 574, 642, 783 cardiovascular abnormalities, macropods 474 cardiovascular system, young animals 257 carnivores

gastrointestinal tract 232

neonatal gastrointestinal system 258

Carpentarian rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis) 694-5 carpet python (Morelia spilota) predation 514 carprofen 171-3, 181, 502-4, 506, 572, 630, 733, 736, 740, 742,

745 - 6, 748-9, 751, 753

Carrichtera annua (Ward’s weed) 323 castration 91, 162-3

Casuarina spp. 506

cat (Felis catus)

gastrointestinal tract 232

as Toxoplasma gondii host 334, 343, 346 cataracts/cataract surgery 158, 268, 449, 620, 629 catecholamines 113

cathelicidins 102, 259, 581

Cedar virus 601 cefaclor 203, 744 cefazolin 738, 752 cefovecin 171, 173-7, 181, 467, 572, 624, 637-8, 752, 754 cefoxitin 294

ceftazidime 295, 506, 734, 738, 744, 748, 754

ceftiofur 176, 295, 467, 492, 624, 650, 734-5, 742, 752, 754, 756 cementum 212

central rock-rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus) 694-5 cephalexin 733, 746, 754 cephalosporins 181, 257

resistance to 291-2, 294-5

Cercopithifilariajohnstoni 30, 33, 428, 591 cervical fractures, macropods 155-6, 474 cervicovaginal squamous cell carcinoma 309 cervids, chronic wasting disease 339 cestodes 204, 572

cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) 204, 333, 337, 339, 638-40,

642, 652

cetaceans 635-45

anaesthesia 146-7, 729

anthropogenic trauma 635

auditory testing 636

biochemistry 704-6, 707-8

biotoxins 643-4

brucellosis 641

capture 145

cardiomyopathy 642

chemical restraint 146-7 circoviruses 640 climate change effects 635 corneal surgery 158 cryptococcosis 378 diagnostic imaging 635-6 drug therapy 637-8, 754-6 entanglements 145, 635, 644 environmental protection 145 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 200 fungal diseases 641-2 gastrointestinal volvulus 642 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 704, 707 heavy metal toxicity 326-7 herpesviruses 201, 206, 640 human impacts 635, 644 infectious diseases 638-42 intravenous fluid administration 638 keratopathy 643 laparoscopy 159 laparotomy 159 lung nematodes 642 mycobacterial diseases 354 neoplasia 316-17, 643 nocardiosis 204, 640-1, 785 nutrition 244, 249 organic pollutants 644 papillomaviruses 206, 640 paracoccidiomycosis (lacaziosis) 200, 641-2 persistent organic pollutants 327 physical examination and diagnostics 635-6 physical restraint 145-6 physiological data 716 poxvirus infections 205, 640 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 146 Pseudomonas spp. 638 respiratory vapour analysis 636 sedation 146, 729 skin diseases 643 stem cell therapy 638 stranded, euthanasia 636-7 Streptococcus spp. 204, 641 toxoplasmosis 344, 346, 641 trematodes 642 urinalysis 714 vaccination 270

venipuncture sites 723 see also dolphins cetrimide 35 chemical capture 140 chemical restraint/chemical restraint agents 34-5, 122-49, 622, 725-9 use in the field 549 see also anaesthesia; sedation

chemokines 532

Cheyletiella spp. 191

Chief Veterinary Officer (CVO) 10, 11, 13 chiropterans see bats

Chlamydia

pecorum 28-9, 173, 333, 339, 361-2, 517, 529, 531-2, 535-6, 538

pneumoniae 28, 33, 333, 339, 529, 531-2, 535

spp. 32, 172, 339, 532

Chlamydiae, cell biology and taxonomy 529-30 chlamydial infections in Australian marsupials 531 Chlamydiosis in koalas 6, 33, 73, 77, 158, 164, 179, 333, 335-6,

339, 361-2, 392, 529-39

biosecurity practices 538

clinical signs and manifestations 533-6 co-infections 532

diagnosis 536

management of free-ranging koalas 538-9, 549

molecular epidemiology 531-2

ocular disease 534, 534

other chlamydial diseases 535-6

ovariohysterectomy 537

pathogenesis 532-3

prevalence and distribution 529, 531

translocation 539

transmission 532

treatment 180, 294, 536-8

urogenital tract disease 534-5 vaccines 33, 538, 549 chloramphenicol 172, 174, 180, 294, 511-12, 536-7, 735, 738 chlorhexidine 157, 194, 197, 200-1, 492, 734 chocolate wattled bat (Chalinolobus morio) 391 cholelithiasis 592

chondroma 305, 312, 314 chondrosarcoma 305, 307, 311-12 chordoma 315

choroiditis 345, 478

Christmas Island flying-fox (Pteropus natalis) 691-2 Christmas Island rodent extinction 388, 392 chromogranin A 580 chronic phalaris toxicity 322

chronic stress 112-14

potential neuroendocrine indicators 115 Chrysosporium keratinophilum 196, 470 chytrid fungus 335 cimetidine 756

1,8-cineole 179 ciprofloxacin 176, 179, 292, 416, 506, 752, 754 circoviruses 640

cisapride 445, 502- 4, 511, 734, 741, 745

CITES 10 clarithromycin 179, 346, 355, 754 classical conditioning, wombats 553 cleaning/disinfection 550 climate change 245, 336, 404, 426, 635, 648 clindamycin 174, 346, 735, 742, 744, 747-8, 754, 756 clinical pathology

neonates and juveniles 262

and physiological values 656-716

clitoris 68, 440

cloacitis 362, 362, 470, 572, 574-5, 783 cloprostenol 753 clostridial vaccine 33, 269, 738

Clostridium

perfringens 26

piliforme 31, 554, 618-19

spp. 508, 652

tetani 26

cloth bags/sacks 128, 136, 137

Coccidioides spp. 517, 642 coccidiosis 270, 321, 429, 554

in bandicoots and bilbies 590-1

in koalas 517

in macropods 270, 472-3

in platypus 429

in short-beaked echidnas 446, 457-63

aetiology 457

clinical signs 460

diagnosis 460-1

epidemiology 457-9

haematology and biochemistry 461, 777

husbandry and stressor minimisation 463

necropsy 461

oocysts 459-60, 461, 462-3

pathogenesis and pathology 460 pathogen-host-environment factors that may influence development 459

prevention 463

substrate 463

supportive care 462

treatment 461-2

coccidiomycosis 517

codeine 502-3, 740, 744, 749

cold stress syndrome (CSS) 653 collars 24, 543-4, 544, 545 colonic adenocarcinoma 315 colostral phase milk 259 colostrum supplement 265 comedocarcinoma 309, 312 commensal microorganisms 258 commissurotomy 156, 559 common bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) 635 auditory testing 636 biochemistry 704-6, 707-8 catecholamine levels 113

cetacean morbillivirus 333, 639

dentition 249

drug therapy 637-8 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 704, 707 heavy metal toxicity 326 herpesviruses 640 lung nematodes 642 mycobacterial diseases 351, 353 neoplasia 316, 643 organic pollutants 644

Paracoccidiomycosis 641 persistent organic pollutants 327 pharmacological studies 176, 177 as possible erysipeloid host 283

Streptococcus spp. 641

toxoplasmosis 346 urinalysis 714 common brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) as bovine tuberculosis host 275, 335, 350

burns 408, 413

capture 135

chlamydial infections 531 contraception 92-3, 94 cryptococcosis 377, 379 as cryptosporidiosis host 282 dermatology 190, 191, 194, 198, 201, 205 developmental milestones 261 Echinococcus granulosus vaccination 468 exudative dermatitis 31, 89, 198, 202-3 facial ulceration 202

fluorosis 325

gastrointestinal tract 246

GIT commensal microorganisms 258 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematological and biochemical values 262, 679-80 hand-reared, failure on release 269

hepatic clearance 732 hypervitaminosis D 328 immunity 104-7 Leptospira antibodies 282 as leptospirosis host 278 lethal control 94

listeriosis 564

lung worm infection 566

male reproductive assessment 69 metabolism 178-9, 181 mycobacterial infections 201, 285, 335, 563 neoplasia 311-12

neural angiostrongyliasis 366-8, 563 nutrition 46, 241, 246 overabundance 89 papillomavirus 206

pharmacological studies 170-1, 177 physical restraint 136-7 piroplasms 395-6 plant toxicoses 323

as possible Buruli ulcer host 283 post-release monitoring 60 as Q fever host 281 reproductive biology 75 as Ross River virus host 276 rump wear 198-9 semen collection 71

toxicoses 324

toxoplasmosis 345 translocation 20, 90

trypanosomes 387, 389-91, 394 tuberculosis 275, 350 wobbly possum disease 31, 565 common killer whale (Orcinus orca) 117, 639 common planigale (Planigale maculata) 307, 328, 390 common wallaroo (Osphranter robustus) 33, 179, 205, 308-9, 366, 368, 468, 472-4, 667-8, 726

common wombat see bare-nosed wombat

computed tomography, macropod progressive periodontal disease 488

concussed teeth 224

congenital defects 266

congenital dermatological diseases 197

conjunctival ablation 158

conjunctival lymphosarcoma 315

conjunctivitis 478, 534

conservation translocations (CTs) 19, 39

animal welfare 20

monitoring 20-1

veterinary and animal management considerations 21, 24 Australian native mammals 22-3, 41

capture, physical and chemical restraint and analgesia

34-5

definition 19

disease risk analysis 24-5, 39-50 ethical considerations 19-20 ex situ breeding programs 24 health and disease screening 25 parasite management 27 macroparasites 33-4 microparasites 29, 33 pathway 19, 20 platypus 426-7 post-release monitoring 21, 35, 46 quarantine 25 veterinary aspects 19-35

constant rate infusion (CRI) 130, 142, 145, 264, 502-4, 505

contraception 90-4, 95

hormonal implants 91-3 immunocontraceptive vaccines 93-4 surgical sterilisation 91, 164

copper poisoning 326

copraphagy 246

corneal disease 629, 630

corneal surgery 158

corneal ulceration 158, 268, 513, 630

coronaviruses 601

corticosterone 113, 115

cortisol 113, 115, 116

Corynebacterium 202

spp. 190, 200, 295, 516 ulcerans 200, 427, 428

coumatetralyl 324

COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) 335

Coxiella burnetii 26, 28, 30-2, 90, 277, 280-1, 333, 470, 590, 601, 620, 625, 631

crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga) 622, 624-5, 701 craniofacial osteochondromas 300, 303, 304 craniofacial surgery 156-7

crest-tailed mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) 70, 243 cross-fostering 270 crural system 67, 423-5, 439 crusting dermatitis 199-203

cryopreservation of sperm and oocytes 571 cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination test (LCAT) 379, 381 cryptococcal granulomas 162, 516 cryptococcal pneumonia 381 cryptococcosis 204, 372-82

in Australian mammals 377-8, 380, 448, 470, 564, 565,

590, 619, 783 clinical signs 380-1 diagnosis and pathology 381-2, 776, 783 epidemiology 374-5 nomenclature 372-4 pathogenesis 376-80

clinical cryptococcosis 379-80

colonisation 379

overview 376

subclinical disease 379 virulence factors 376 treatment and management 382

Cryptococcus albidus 372 gattii complex 28, 172, 361, 372, 379-82, 564, 590, 619 assocation with eucalypts 374-5

categories VGI, VGII, VGIII and VGIV 372-4 colonisation 379

historical nomenclature 373

nomenclature 372-4

VGI prevalence 374-5, 379

VGII prevalence 375, 379

virulence factors 376

Iaurentii 372

magnus 379 neoformans complex 28, 334, 372, 374, 376 - 82, 448, 564,

590,619

categories VNI, VNII, VNIII and VNIV 372-4 historical nomenclature 373

nomenclature 372-4

var. grubii 379, 470

virulence factors 376

VNI and VNII prevalence 374

sp. 590

spp. 26, 30, 32, 203, 379, 381, 461, 590, 642, 783 Cryptonyssus spp. 191

cryptosporidiosis 24, 278, 282, 448, 473, 573, 591, 603, 619 Cryptosporidium

cuniculus 473

fayeri 278, 282, 448, 473, 554 hominis 278, 282, 591, 603 kangaroo genotype 1 473 macropodum 473, 477

muris 24, 32

parvum 31, 278, 282, 591 spp. 32, 90, 573, 619, 651 ubiquitum 554 viatorum 282 crystalluria 512-13 Ctenocephalides felis 193 cuscuses 213, 241, 377 cutaneous candidiasis 194 cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma 198, 307 cutaneous leishmaniasis 206 cutaneous lymphosarcoma 299, 300-1, 307, 311 cutaneous mycobacteriosis 24, 201, 205, 350-5, 775 cutaneous myiasis 194 cutaneous papilliform lesions 428 cutaneous papillomatosis 312 cutaneous papillomatosis and carcinomatosis in western barred bandicoots 32, 41, 300, 309, 333, 589, 590 cutaneous secondary bacterial infections 196-7 cutaneous tumours 299-301, 306-11, 314

diagnosis 300

treatment 300-1 cutaneous ulcers 428 Cyamus spp. 193 cyanide, capsulated 94 cyanide toxicity 324 cyclosporin 207 cyclosporine implants 630 cystadenoma 161, 306, 312 cystitis

bacterial 513, 780

chlamydial 499, 517, 534-5, 537 fungal 513, 780 cystocentesis 499 cystotomy 161 Cytauxzoon spp. 395 cytochrome (CYP) 178 cytokines 101-2, 106, 532,533 cytomegalic inclusion disease 428

Dan-Inject 128 dantrolene sodium 737 darting 127-9, 132-3, 134-5, 139, 548, 622 dasyurids 570-5

anaesthesia 135, 727

anatomy and physiology 570-1 antibiotic resistance 292 biochemistry 571-2, 681-2, 683-4 bufotoxicosis 328, 574 cannibalism of pouch young 78 capture 134-5

chemical restraint 135 cryptococcosis 377 degenerative joint disease 572-4 demodicosis 189-90, 204 dental formulae 213

dental problems 216-17, 221

dental record 768

dermatitis 574

diseases 572-5

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 30

diseases of uncertain aetiology 575

drug therapy 572, 746-7

environmental mite dermatitis 191

fleas 193

glucocorticoid studies 114, 116 haematology 571-2, 681, 683 herpesviruses 30, 360, 362-3, 573 idiopathic dermatoses 198 leptospirosis 573

lice 193

male die-ff and stress physiology 113

managed care diets 247

metabolic rate 234

miticides 192

mycobacterial diseases 201, 205, 350-4, 572, 573 nematodes 204

neoplasia 206-7, 299, 303-7

nutrition 239-40, 246-7, 571

oestrus 74, 77

otitis externa 207

papillovirus infections 206

parasitic infections 572-3

physical restraint 135

physiological alopecia 197

physiological data 715

piroplasms 396 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 135 reproduction 70, 571 reproductive disorders 80 sedation 135, 727

semen collection 71

sperm assessment 72

surgery 572

tick dermatitis 194

toxicities 322, 574-5

trypanosomes 389

venipuncture sites 721

see also antechinus; phascogales; quolls; Tasmanian devil Dasyurochirus

major 30, 190

spp. 573

Dasyurotaenia robusta 572

data loggers 164-5, 431, 496, 552

defensins 102

degenerative joint disease 555, 572-4

dehydration, paediatric patients 257-8, 262, 264-5 delicate mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus) 618 Deltaproteobacteria 248

Demodex

antechini 189

canis 190

spp. 30, 188-90, 192

tortellinoides 189

Demodex mites 189-90, 203-4

demodicosis (demodectic mange) 189-90

nodular 204

dental abnormalities, and macropod progressive periodontal disease 485

dental charts 762-70

dental formulae 213, 552

dentistry 212-26, 558-9

acquired dental disease 558

alveolar bone loss 220-1

anatomy 212-13 antimicrobial use 225-6

avulses teeth 223

caries 222

cementum 212

crown abnormalities 216-17

crown fractures 222, 223-4

crown integrity loss 222, 222

crown-root fracture 222, 224 dilacerated roots 217

double teeth 216

embedded teeth 215-16

enamel 212

enamel defects 216-17

endodontic disease 221-3

equipment 214, 214

extractions 223-5

extraoral assessment 215

fluorosis 216

fractured teeth 221, 222, 223-4

furcation exposure 221

furcation involvement 220-1

furcational defects 221

fused roots 217

fusion (teeth) 216 germination (teeth) 216 horizontal bone loss 220 inflammatory root resorption 223 intraoperative antibiotics 225-6 loss of blood supply to a tooth 221, 224 luxated teeth 223

missing teeth 215

occlusal assessment 217-18

oral cavity assessment 214-15

abnormalities and variations 215-17

extraoral assessment 215

occlusal assessment and malocclusion 217-18 paediatric patients 268

patient positioning/restraint 213

periapical lucency 223 periodontal disease 218-21 periodontal-endodontic lesions 221, 221 periodontium 213

persistent deciduous teeth 216 postoperative analgesia 225

postoperative antibiotics 226 preparation for 213-14 pulp cavity, failure to narrow 223 pulp exposure 221-2 pulp-dentin complex 212, 212 radiographs 220-1, 222-3 radiography 213-14 regional anaesthesia 225 retained teeth 215-16

root abnormalities 217

root fracture 223, 224 supernumerary roots 217 supernumerary teeth 215 vertical bone loss 220 see also periodontal disease dentition 215-17, 238, 248, 249 dermal adenoma 306 dermanyssid mites 191 dermatology 186-207 dermatomycosis 554 dermatophilosis 200, 428 Dermatophilus congolensis 200, 427 dermatophytosis 194-6, 279, 285, 428, 448 adhesive tape impression 774 diagnosis 1-695 direct microscopy 195 environmental treatment 196 systemic treatments 196 topical treatment 196 desert gerbil (Psammomys obesus) 249 deslorelin 92-3, 648, 737, 745, 753, 757 desoxycorticosterone 477, 737 developmental milestones 261 devil facial tumour 1 (DFT1) 578-80

cytogenetics 580 immunotherapy 582-4 karyotype 580

devil facial tumour 2 (DFT2) 579-80

cytogenetics 580

Y chromosome 579-80

devil facial tumour disease (DFTD) 6, 30, 107, 206, 300, 303, 334-5, 337, 339, 578-85 aetiology and epidemiology 578-9 allografts 583 cytogenetics 580 and devil immunity 579 drug therapy 170, 175 gross pathology 579-80 haematology and biochemistry 580 histopathology 580 immunohistochemistry 580

management 581-5 metabolomics 581

metastases 582

population management

culling free-range devil populations 584-5

zoo and sanctuary-based management and restocking

585

preclinical diagnostics 580-1

transmission 578, 579 treatment 581

chemotherapy 581-2 immunotherapy 582-4 vaccine 583-4

dexamethasone 537, 650, 750-1, 756 dexmedetomidine (dexmed) 726 diabetes mellitus 249, 515-16, 620 Diabolicoptes

major 190

sarcophilus 190, 572

diadem leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros diadema) 137 diagnostic imaging

cetaceans 635-6

pinnipeds 622-3 diarrhoea 194, 230, 277-8, 280, 326, 328, 395

in echidnas 445, 451, 460

in koalas 502-4, 508, 513 paediatric patients 264, 267 diazepam 34-5, 124, 129-30, 132, 135, 394, 431, 636, 651,

725-8

dibbler (Parantechinus apicalis) 24, 30, 70, 73-4, 76, 78-9, 189, 204, 307, 390, 574

vaginal swab 773 dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) 644 diclofenac 187

Dientamoebafragilis 651

diet

bandicoots and the bilby 240-1, 247

bats 243, 248 dasyurids and the numbat 239-40 dingo 243, 247-8 dugongs 243, 249-50 factors in inadequate 233-5 formulation 229-31 gliders and possums 241-2, 245-6 koalas and wombats 241, 245 macropods 238, 245 marine mammals 243-4, 249-50 monotremes 235-6, 237-9 nutrition and welfare 231-5 rodents 243, 248-9

difenacoum 324

digestive physiology, monotremes 235-6 digestive system, wombats 552 digital necrosis 411, 412 digital sarcoma 311 digoxin 181, 257 dilacerated roots 217

diltiazem 737 dimercaptosuccinic acid 644 dingo (Canis familiaris)

anaesthesia 139, 728

canine transmissible venereal tumour 315-16, 578 capture 139

chemical restraint 139

as cryptosporidiosis host 282

demodicosis 190

dental formulae 213

dentition 216

dermatophytosis 195

drug therapy 757

fleas 193

as hydatid disease host 278, 282, 285

lice 193

mycobacterial diseases 354 neoplasia 314-15 nutrition 243, 247-8, 265 physical restraint 139 piroplasms 396 as possible hookworm host 284 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 139 pruritis 207 as Q fever host 277, 281 sarcoptic mange 191 sedation 139, 728 vaccination 270 venipuncture sites 722 dioxins 327 diphacinone 606 direct agglutination test (DAT) 345 disease, definition 4, 40 disease emergence 332-40, 594, 610-14 disease risk analysis (DRA) for wildlife translocations 24-5, 39-50

biosecurity measures 46 components and progression 39, 40 disease screening 46

diseases that may warrant consideration

koalas 28

macropods 26-7

wombats 29

examples 46-7

hazard identification

carrier hazard 43

destination hazard 43

population hazard 43

source hazard 43

transport hazard 43

zoonotic hazard 43

hazards, definition 40-1 implementation, monitoring and review (risk management)

45

limitations 42

methodology 42

hazard identification 43

implementation, monitoring and review 45 problem description 42-3 risk assessment 44-5

risk communication 43

risk management 45

translocation pathway 43-4

post-release health monitoring 46

qualitative approach 41

regulations and legislation 39-40

sources of information 41-2

transparency and time for completion 45-6 disease screening 25, 46 disease surveillance 3, 7, 10-12, 42, 60-1, 273, 340 dispersal, flying-foxes 95 disseminated mycobacteriosis 351-3 distribution (drugs) 169

effect of reduced body fat 177

plasma protein binding 177 dive response 141

diverticula 475

DMSO 514 dobutamine 133, 145, 147 dog attacks 452, 502-3, 505, 514, 514, 515 dolphins

anaesthesia 146

brucellosis 641

catecholamine levels 113

cryptococcosis 378

heavy metal toxicity 326-7

herpesviruses 201, 206

morbillivirus 204, 333

mycobacterial diseases 351, 353-4

neoplasia 316-17

nocardiosis 641, 785

nutrition 244, 249

organic pollutants 644

papillomaviruses 206 paracoccidiomycosis 200, 641 persistent organic pollutants 327 physiological data 716 as possible erysipeloid host 283 as possible lobomycosis host 284 poxvirus infections 205, 640 skin diseases 641-3

Streptococcus spp. 204, 641

toxoplasmosis 344-6

urinalysis 714

see also common bottle-nosed dolphin dopamine 113 doramectin 171, 745 double traps 549 doxorubicin 170, 175, 582, 747 doxycycline 173, 180, 205, 281, 294, 317, 355, 492, 512, 536-7,

630, 643, 738, 750, 752, 754 draw-over anaesthesia 148, 148 drawstring traps 128 drug elimination, and renal immaturity 257 drug formulary 732-56 drug toxicities 328-9 dugong (Dugong dugon) 648-54

aggression 648-9

anthropogenic interactions 648, 652 antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 293, 295 biochemistry 650, 709-10 capture 147, 147

chemical restraint 147

cold stress 653 dentition 249 diseases 652-3 drug therapy 650, 756-7 entanglement 650, 652, 653 euthanasia 651-2 fluid administration 650 gastrointestinal tract 230, 249 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 650, 709 hand-rearing 649-50 heavy metal toxicity 326-7 housing 648-9 indigenous hunting 652 infectious disease screening 651 marine toxins 653 mycobacterial diseases 354 necropsy 649, 652-3 neoplasia 299, 317 non-anthropogenic interactions 654 nutrition 243, 249-50, 649, 649 persistent organic pollutants 327 physical examination and diagnostics 650 physical restraint 147 physiological data 716 relocation 651 reproduction 648

rescue and rehabilitation 649-51 ‘rodeo method’ of capture 147, 147 sedation 651-2

starvation 653 stranded 650-2 threats 648 toxoplasmosis 344, 652-3 venipuncture sites 650, 650, 723 volvulus 652-3

dunnarts (Sminthopsis spp.) cryptococcosis 377 fleas 193 glucocorticoid studies 116 metabolic rate 234 mites 189, 191 neoplasia 306-7 nutrition 240, 247 oestrus 73-4, 77 otitis externa 207 persistent organic pollutants 327 pregnancy 73 reproductive failure 77-8 sperm assessment 72 toxicoses 325 venipuncture site 721

duodenal adenocarcinoma 306, 311

Duranta erecta (golden dewdrop, geisha girl) 323 Durikainemaphascolarcti 26 28, 511

dusky antechinus (Antechinus swainsonii) 204, 363, 377, 715 dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus cruciger) 201

dusky leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros ater) 390

dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima) 642

dwarfism 559

dysbiosis, antibacterial-induced 179-81, 508-10, 536, 650, 781

EAD see emergency animal disease

ear canal ablation 157

eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) 24, 165, 192, 300, 312-13, 344, 346, 377, 380, 390, 589, 590-2, 685-6 translocation 23, 44, 46-7, 48-50

and risk assessment of Toxoplasma gondii 46, 48-50 eastern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae oceanensis) 204, 602

eastern bettong (Bettongia gaimardi) 21-2, 25, 34-5, 117, 191, 238, 309, 361, 378, 389-90, 393, 395-7, 399, 659-60

eastern blossom-bat (Syconycteris australis) 594-5

eastern broad-nosed bat (Scotorepens orion) 9

eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) amyloidosis 477 anaesthesia 726

antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella spp. in 294-5 antiparasitic drugs in 467

aspiration pneumonia in juvenile 269 blastocystis 474

bot fly myiasis 472 coccidiosis 270

conjunctivitis 478, 478 contraception 91-4, 93, 164 as cryptosporidiosis host 278, 282, 473 diagnostic imaging 466 digital necrosis and paronychia 411 fascioliasis 472, 472

field anaesthesia 130

fluorosis 325

Fusobacterium necrophorum in 484 gastrointestinal helminths 471 glucocorticoid studies 114, 117

haematological and biochemical values 667-8 helminths 27

herpesviruses 360, 361 hypodontia 215 immunity 104 keratitis 478, 478 macropod progressive periodontal disease 485-6, 488 malnutrition 477

metabolic bone disease in PY 269

mites 191

molar progression 225 nasogastric tube in PY 264 necrotic dermatitis 478

neoplasia 207, 308-9 nutrition 238, 242, 245

overabundance 88-9

papillomaviruses 206, 468 pharmacological studies 174, 177, 180 photosensitisation 202 piroplasms 396-9 plant toxicoses 322-3 poxviruses 205, 468, 469 protozoal rhinitis 473 reproductive biology 75 sedation 130, 725

semen collection 71

sperm assessment 72

sporidesmin toxicity 328

starvation following overbrowsing 89 surgery 158,162 tracheitis 472, 472

tracheostomy 163

translocation 90

trypanosomes 390, 393, 399

ulcerative cloacitis 362

urolithiasis 238, 245, 477

eastern pygmy-possum (Cercatetus nanus) 311-12, 563

eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) 21-2, 30, 34-5, 75, 193,

206-7, 232, 234, 306-7, 322, 346, 389, 396-7, 571-2, 574-5, 683-4, 747

eastern ring-tailed possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus) adenomyoepithelioma 162 as Buruli ulcer host 283, 333

caecal dysbiosis/stasis syndrome 566-7

capture 135

cryptococcosis 377, 379, 564 dermatology 190, 193-4, 201, 203-5, 207 drug therapy 568

fluorosis 325

gastrointestinal tract 246

haematological and biochemical values 677-8

Helicobacter species 564

hepatic clearance 732

immunity 104

listeriosis 564, 782

metabolic rate 234

metabolism 179, 181

mycobacterial infections 156, 201, 352, 563-4

necrotic tail syndrome 566

neoplasia 302, 311-12

neural angiostrongyliasis 366 nutrition 241, 246

pharmacological studies 177, 1702

physical restraint 136

plant toxicoses 323

post-release monitoring 60

poxviruses 565-6

rump wear 199

semen collection 71

sperm assessment 72

swollen paw syndrome 31, 203

tail tip trauma 156, 566

tularaemia 278, 282, 333, 338, 564

eastern tube-nosed bat (Nyctimene robinsoni) 594-5 Ebola virus 335, 594 echidna see short-beaked echidna

Echidnophaga

ambulans 447

myrmecobii 31

spp. 29, 193, 555 echinococcosis 471 Echinococcus granulosus 27, 29, 33, 278, 282, 285, 471, 471

vaccination 468, 471 echolocation 636 ecosystem alterations, and EID 336 ectoparasites 189-94, 198

echidnas 447

platypuses 428

wombats 555

see also fleas; lice; mites; ticks

Edswardiella spp. 447 education

through wildlife rescue and rehabilitation 61

and training in wildlife health 14 efflux pumps 170, 176

Ehrlichia

ornithorhynchi 429, 430

spp. 430

Eimeria

arundeli 29

burdi 472-3

echidnae 444, 457, 458-9

life cycle and pathogenesis 457, 458

oocysts 459, 461

kanyana 32

macropodis 474

prionotemni 473

quokka 473

setonicis 473

sp. 398, 429, 573

spp. 26, 32, 457-8, 461, 472-3, 572, 591, 777 anticoccidial drug resistance 463

tachyglossi 457

oocysts 459, 461

toganmaionensis 473

ursini 29 wombati 29 ejaculate 67, 71-2 electroejaculation 67, 71 Elliot traps 134-5, 138 embedded teeth 215-16 embryonic diapause 73-4, 81 emergency animal disease (EAD) 6

definition 5

EAD Diagnosis and Response Network 10

EAD Hotline 3, 5, 9

EAD Preparedness Program 12-13 legislation to protect against 7 preparedness and response courses 14

response, and wildlife 13

Emergency animal diseases: A field guide for Australian veterinarians 13

emerging diseases, definition 5

emerging infectious diseases (EID) 272, 332-40

in Australian mammals 333-5, 337-9, 594, 610-14 classification criteria 332

definition 5, 332 factors driving emergence 335-7 pathogen groupings 332, 335 pathogens and hosts associated with 337 preparation for 339-40 spillover role 337, 612-14 surveillance and detection 10-11, 340 see also zoonoses

Emmonsia

crescens 31

parva 29, 35, 554

sp. 321

Emmonsiellopsis sp. 554, 558 emodepside 572, 747 enalapril 737, 745 encephalomyelitis 430 encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 26, 29, 32-3, 554, 619-20 enclosure hygiene, and macropod progressive periodontal disease 487

enclosure traps 128

end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) 145, 145, 147 endocrinopathies 477

endodontic disease 221-2 dental radiographs 222-3 oral examination 222 treatment 223

endogenous genes of bacterial species, and resistance 291 endogenous retrovirus (ERV) 521-3 endometrial adenoma 306

endoparasites

echidnas 447 macropods 470-4 platypuses 428 possums 563 treatment, juveniles 270 endothermy 263 endotracheal tube 127, 130-1, 133, 135, 138, 144-6, 161-2, 213, 726-7

energy requirements 230

monotremes 235

enilconazole 196, 470, 733, 735

enrofloxacin 170-2, 176-7, 179, 205, 292, 294-5, 355, 416, 451, 506, 512, 536, 567-8, 630, 733, 735, 738, 742, 744, 746, 748-50, 752, 755

entanglement

cetaceans 145, 635, 644 dugongs 650, 652-3 pinnipeds 628, 628

enteric carcinomas 309

enteric coccidiosis 460-1

Enterobacter

aerogenes 291

cloacae 291

gergoviae 295

Enterobacterales 174, 291

Enterococcus

dispar 295

faecalis 258, 652

faecium 295

spp. 174, 446

enterotomy 160

enucleation 158

envenomation (platypus) 124-5, 424

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act

1999 15, 139, 145, 425, 570, 594 environmental dermatoses 197

stress 197

substrate factors 197

environmental diseases, dermatological 201-2 environmental mite dermatitis 191, 193 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) 26-32, 180,

206, 345, 369, 427, 448, 470, 472, 565, 581 eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis 368 ependymoma 309, 313 epidermal dysplasia 317 epididymis 69 epistaxis 380 epithelial growth factor (EGF) 580 epithelioma 300, 305, 310 eprinomectin 171, 745 epulis 315-16 ERBB 3 581

Erhlichia canis 11

erosive dermatitis 199-203

erysipeloid 283

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 26, 32, 200, 283, 573 erythema 189-99, 450 erythroid series cells 498

erythromycin 179

Escherichia

coli 207, 258, 430, 513, 516, 558, 601

antibiotic-resistant 291, 293-5

resistant, from bird species 295

spp. 446

ethambutol 746

ethical considerations

bushfire-affected wildlife 405-6

conservation translocations 19-24

overabundant populations 95-6 ethyloestranol 756 etonogestrel 92

Eubenangee serogroup orbiviruses 26, 333, 338

eucalypt folivores 170, 180, 246

eucalypts, associations with Cryptococcus gattii VGI and VGII 374-5

Eucalyptus leaves 245-6, 507

European fox (Vulpes vulpes) control 323-5

European rabbit control 323-4 euthanasia

bushfire-affected wildlife 411-12

large stranded cetaceans 636-7 overabundant macropods 94 paediatric patients 270-1 rescued wildlife 56-7, 61-2 stranded dugongs 651-2

Eutrombicula hirsti 191 excisional procedures 161-2 excretion (drugs) 169, 179 exertional myopathy 27 exotic disease 5, 7, 9

Exotic Environmental Pest List (EEPL) 5 exotic fauna 4 explosives 637 exsanguination 637 ex situ breeding programs

parasite management 33-4

for translocations, veterinary aspects 24 extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing

Enterobacterales 291, 295 extrapolation of dosages 169-70 extrinsic resistance 290 exudative dermatitis 89, 198-9, 202-3 eyelid papilloma 311

face masks 125-6, 130, 134, 136, 138, 145 faecal flotation technique 32, 267, 460, 471 faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (FGMC) 21, 25,

114

faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) 237 faecal scoring guide 230, 443 failure to thrive 267

hand-reared echidnas 451-2

false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) 640-1 famciclovir 755

Fasciola hepatica 27, 29, 471-2, 472, 477 fascioliasis 471-2

fat-tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata) 74-5, 77, 106,

116, 193, 206, 234, 247, 306-7, 325, 327, 344, 571, 747 fat-tailed pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis)

70, 307

fawn antechinus (Antechinus bellus) 328 fawn-footed melomys (Melomys cervinipes) 117, 277, 365, 619 feather-tailed gliders (Acrobates spp.)

diet 242, 246, 377, 564

mycobacterial diseases 351 neoplasia 300, 310, 311

transponder-associated sarcoma 299-300, 305-6, 308, 310 zinc toxicity 326

feeding tubes, placement 160-1 feline leukaemia virus (FELV) 521-4 fenbendazole 370, 734, 737, 745, 748, 750 fentanyl 142, 173, 502-3, 736, 740, 749, 752 feral animals 4, 6 feral cats 343-4, 346

feral pig control 323 fertility 81, 92-3 fetal haematological characteristics 257 fibroadenoma 304 fibroangioma 305 fibrohistiosarcoma 313 fibroleiomyoma 304 fibroma 207, 305, 310-12, 314 fibropapilloma 308, 310, 314 fibrosarcoma 206, 305-7, 310-11, 313-15 field inhalation anaesthesia 130, 136, 142, 147-9 field metabolic rate (FMR) 229, 230, 234 Filobasidiella

bacillispora 372 neoformans 372 spp. 372 fine needle aspiration 188, 203 fipronil 192, 194, 572, 734, 737, 741, 743, 747-8, 751 firearms 94-5, 412, 637, 651, 652 Firmicutes 236, 238, 247-50, 258, 495 firocoxib 506, 740 flagging 546-7, 546, 549 fleas 193, 388, 447, 555, 572, 590-1 flies 194, 591 ‘flight’ or ‘fight’ response 113 florfenicol 172, 536, 735 fluconazole 172, 194, 200, 203, 382, 445-6, 451, 510, 513, 733, 735, 739, 744, 749, 755 flucytosine 382 fluid therapy

bushfire-affected wildlife 413

cetaceans 638, 639 echidnas 443, 446 flying-foxes 598-9 koalas 505 paediatric patients 264-5 flumazenil 729 flunixin meglumine 638, 650, 736, 755 fluorescent antibody test (FAT) 600 fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhi 291 fluoroquinolones 292, 294, 416, 536 fluorosis 6, 325-6, 325 fluoxetine 174, 467, 737 fluphenazine decanoate 328, 725 fluralaner 175, 192, 194, 743, 747 flurbiprofen 178 flying-foxes (Pteropus spp.) 137, 149, 594 antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 293-4

Australian bat lyssavirus 9, 276, 333, 367-8, 599-601 biochemistry 689-90, 691-2 body condition scoring 597 clinical examination 595-8 clinical parameters 598 conservation status 594 contraception 92 cryptosporidiosis 603 deformities 606-7, 606

dental formulae 213

dispersal 95

flaccid paralysis 603

fluid therapy 598-9

fluorosis 325

glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 689, 691 haemoprotozoan parasites 387, 389-90, 602 heat-related mortality 603 heavy metal toxicoses 326

as Hendra virus host 275, 276, 333, 335, 338, 594, 601, 610-14

husbandry 595

immunity 101, 104-7

leptospirosis 282, 601

mass mortality events 603-4

Menangle virus 276, 333, 601

neoplasia 314

netting and barbed wire entanglement 604, 605

neural angiostrongyliasis 365-70, 602 nutrition 243, 248

overabundance 87, 88, 89

paramyxoviruses 601

as possible Ross River virus host 276

poxvirus infections 206, 601

pruritis 207

as Q fever host 277, 281, 601

relocation 335

stabilisation 598-9

starvation 604, 606

thumb injuries 604

tick paralysis 605-6

toxoplasmosis 345, 602

trauma 604-5

triage and assessment flow chart 596 trypanosomes 387, 389-90, 393, 602 urinalysis 713

venipuncture sites 598, 599, 722 zoonotic diseases 276

folinic acid 743

folivores, oral drug absorption 170, 176-7, 180 foot-and-mouth disease virus 6, 335 foregut-fermenting herbivores, gastrointestinal tract 230 formic acid 734

Franciscella tularensis 333, 564

subsp. holarctica 278, 282, 338, 564 biovar japonica 31, 282

subsp. tularensis 282 free-ranging koala population management, veterinary involvement 543-50

biosecurity considerations 538, 550

capture techniques 546-50

chemical restraint in the field 549

Chlamydia infected 538-9, 549

consideration of dependent young during capture 548-9 hyperthermia during capture 548 necropsy examination 545-6

telemetry, data-logging tags and implants 543-5 free-ranging populations, wildlife release into 62 frugivorous bats 248 frusemide 572, 737, 741, 745, 747, 750, 751 fungal culture 196 fungal diseases 204

in bandicoots and bilbies 590

in bats 601-2

in cetaceans 641-2

cutaneous 194-6

in macropods 470

ulcerative and crusting skin presentations 199-200

in wombats 554

zoonotic 279, 284, 285

fungal skin surface samples 187

fungi, for disease risk analysis 26, 28-32 funnels 128

fur mites 191

fur seals

age determination 627

alopecia 199, 631 anaesthesia 622, 729

antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 293, 295 biochemistry 698-9

Brucella spp. 625

capture 139

gastrointestinal tract 232

gestational failure 630-1 haematology 698

hookworms 624

keratitis 629, 784-5

neoplasia 316

nutrition 244, 249

ophthalmic disease 629-30, 784-5

ophthalmic examination 622, 784 persistent organic pollutants 327

as possible Mycoplasma phocicerebrale host (seal finger) 283

starvation/exhaustion 626-8

taxonomy 621

therapeutics 623-4

thoracic radiographic anatomy 623, 623

toxoplasmosis 344, 345

tuberculosis 275, 277, 350

furans 327

furless marsupials

euthanasia 270

skin protection 258 furosemide 181, 504 furred young, euthanasia 271 Fusarium

solani complex 430

spp. 187

fused roots 217

Fusobacteria 236, 249

Fusobacterium

necrophorum 483-5, 487, 491

spp. 461, 484 Fyke nets 123, 124

gabapentin 130, 416, 445, 734, 736, 740, 745-6, 748, 753, 757 Gabbia tomentosa 471

Gammaherpesvirinae (gammaherpesviruses) 30, 31, 359-62 Gammaproteobacteria 248 gammaretroviruses 521 Gan Gan virus 275 ganglineuroma 305 gangliocytoma 305 gaseous anaesthesia

dasyurids and the numbat 135

echidnas 126

koalas 132

macropods 130 pinnipeds 142 platypuses 124-6 wombats 134 see also inhalation anaesthesia gastric aspiration 443-4, 443, 776 gastric ghrelin secretion 257-8 gastric impaction 449 gastric tumours 7, 309, 312-13 gastric volvulus 476, 642 gastritis 445-6, 461 gastrointestinal foreign bodies 160, 476 gastrointestinal helminths 470-1, 477 gastrointestinal medications, echidnas 445 gastrointestinal surgery 159-61 gastrointestinal system, neonates 257-8 gastrointestinal torsion 160, 476, 511 gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) 154

Australian gliders and possums 246

Australian mammal carnivores and the cat 232

Australian mammal foregut-fermenting herbivores and domestic sheep 230

Australian mammal hindgut-fermenting herbivores and horse 230

Australian mammal omnivores and pig 231

Australian marine mammals 249

commensal microorganisms 258 Gastrolobium spp. 323-4 gastropexy 159 gastropods 366-7, 370 gastrostomy 160 gastrotomy 160 generalised invasion curve 7 genetic diversity, dasyurids 570 gentamicin 506, 511, 735, 739, 742, 744 gestation 68, 73-4, 75-6 ghost bat (Macroderma gigas) 137, 243, 248 giant cell tumours 305 giant white-tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus) 619 Giardia

canis 591

duodenalis 473, 591, 624

intestinalis 31

peramelis 32, 591

spp. 30, 32, 90, 573, 651

giardiasis 473

gibbon ape leukaemia virus (GALV) 521, 618

Gilbert’s potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) 22, 26, 117, 262, 323, 378, 387, 389, 395-7, 399, 470, 659-60, 712, 735

gingival tumours 307

gingivitis 219-20, 484-5

glass slide impression 188

gliders 562-8

anaesthesia 136, 727

biochemistry 677-8

burns 411

capture 135-6

catecholamine levels 113

chemical restraint 136

chlamydial infections 531 cryptococcosis 377, 564, 565 dental formulae 213

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 31

drug therapy 567-8, 744-5

fleas 193

gastrointestinal tract 246 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematology 677 herpesviruses 361 infectious diseases 562-6

klossiellosis 562-3

lipomas 300 lymphosarcomas 300 male reproductive assessment 70 metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial diseases 350-2, 354 neoplasia 206, 300, 305-6, 308, 310-11 nutrition 79, 241-2, 245-6 ophidascariasis 563

orchiectomy and scrotal ablation 163

otitis externa 207

ovariohysterectomy 164 patagial injuries 157 physical restraint 136 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 136 reproductive disorders 80 reproductive performance 79 sedation 727

transponder-associated neoplasia 299-300, 305-6, 308, 310, 310

venipuncture sites 721

glioblastoma multiforme 307

Globocephaloides

macropodis 471

spp. 27

Mfidospicularis 471, 477

glomerular filtration rate 179, 467

glossal tumours 307, 313

glucocorticoids 21, 113-15

and cortisol to corticosterone ratio 115

dampening fluctuations 115

metabolites excreted, Australian mammals 116-17

glucosinolate toxicity 323, 559

glycopeptides 292

Gnathostoma spp. 32

golden bandicoot (Isoodon auratus) 34, 234, 241, 313, 390, 588

GonaCon 93-4

gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 93

agonists 92-3

stimulation test 81

Goodfellow’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus goodfellowi) 131, 661-2

Gould’s long-eared bat (Nyctophilus gouldi) 314

Gould’s wattled bat (Chalinolobus gouldii) 314, 389, 391, 693 granular cell tumours 315-16

granulomas 161, 162

granulomatous inflammation (mycobacteriosis) 351

granulosa-cell tumours 305, 316

granulosa-theca cell tumours 315

grassland melomys (Melomys burtoni) 314-15, 365, 521, 618, 619

greater bandicoot-rat (Bandicota indica) 365

greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis) 588-92

alopecia 197, 591

anaesthesia 136, 728

anatomy and physiology 588

biochemistry 687-8

capture 136

chemical restraint 136

cryptococcosis 377

cryptosporidiosis 24

cutaneous tumours 300

dental formulae 213

dermatophytosis 195

diseases 589-91

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 32

drug therapy 748

gastrointestinal tract 231 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematology 24, 262, 687 herpesviruses 362, 589-90 idiopathic alopecia and scaling 199 male reproductive assessment 70 metabolic rate 234

mites 591

mycobacterial diseases 354

neoplasia 306, 308, 310, 312-13

neural angiostrongyliasis 366

nutrition 240, 247

paediatric hepatic function 257

physical restraint 136

pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 136

preventative medicine 589

reproduction 75, 588-9

sedation 137, 728

sub-adults 262

toxoplasmosis 590

tropical rat mites 192

ulceration of plantar tarsal areas 203 venipuncture sites 722

greater glider (Petauroides volans) 135, 170, 234, 242, 246, 531 greater hairy-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis hirtipes) 189, 204 greater stick-nest rat (Leporillus conditor) 117, 243, 249, 378, 619, 620, 696-7

green turtle (Chelonia mydas) 295

grey dorcopsis wallaby (Dorcopsis luctuosa) 362

grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) 153

grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) 88, 117, 243, 248, 276, 293-5, 314, 325, 366, 370, 594, 599, 601, 611, 613, 691-2, 713

griseofulvin 196, 739

grizzled tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus inustus) 477

growth plate abnormalities 559

A Guide to the Care and Use of Australian Native Mammals in Research and Teaching 14, 15

Guntheria

derricki 191

scaevola 191 shieldsi 191

weedunnarti 191

haemangioma 207, 305, 308, 312, 314 haemangiopericytoma 305, 311 haemangiosarcoma 161, 206, 305, 307, 309, 312-13, 315, 317 Haemaphysalis spp. 27, 388, 395, 447

haematological values 657-710 neonates, juveniles and sub-adults 262

haematopoiesis 257

haemobdomen 500

haemoglobin, neonatal 257

Haemogregarina dasyuri 30

Haemolaelaps marsupialis 33 spp. 191

Haemophilus spp. 601

haemopoietic cells 498

Haemoproteus tachyglossi 444 haemoprotozoan parasites 386-400, 429, 444, 532, 598 haemorrhage 505

hair coat quality reduction 189-99

Halocercus lagenorhynci 642

haloperidol decanoate 416, 725 hamartoma 308, 310

Hammondia hammondi 345-6

hand capture 128, 133, 135-6 hand-rearing 262

bats 248

dugong 649-50 echidnas 236, 451-2

history 261 kangaroos 398

koalas 258

nutrition 265-6

possums 567 preventative medicine 66, 269-70 and risk of infectious diseases 266 and salmonellosis risk 280

wombats 553, 559

harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) 157

hare-wallabies (Lagorchestes spp.) 179, 242, 309, 378, 390 harp traps 137, 137

Haycocknema perplexum 284

hazard identification, disease risk analysis 43 hazards, definition 40-1

hCG 741

head bags 140, 141

head trauma, koalas 503, 505

health and disease screening 25 heart rate, young animals 257, 263 heat stress, flying-foxes 603

heavy metal toxicoses 325-6, 644

Helicobacter sp. 564

helminths 470-1, 477, 555, 652

for disease risk analysis 27-34 hemimandibulectomy 156-7

Hendra virus (HeV) 6, 11, 90, 275-6, 333, 335, 338, 601, 610-14 environmental and ecological drivers for spillover 612-13 equine and human case summary 610 equine infections 275, 611-14

flying-foxes as host 275-6, 333, 335, 338, 594, 601, 610-14 Hendra Virus Response Strategy 13

infection dynamics in flying foxes 611-12

New South Wales and Queensland 610-12 routes of excretion in flying-foxes 612 spillover prevention 614 vaccine for horses 610, 614 virus behaviour and diversity 611

Hepatazoon dasyuri 30 spp. 32 tachyglossi 457

hepatic function, paediatric patients 257

hepatic tumours 299, 306-12, 314, 316 hepatocellular adenocarcinoma 311, 313, 316, 564 hepatocellular carcinoma 307, 309, 311-15

Hepatocystis spp. 602

hepatoma 207, 305, 308, 310-12, 314 hepatopancreatic sarcoma 315 hepatotoxicity 202

Herbert’s rock wallaby (Petrogale herberti) 472 herbivores, oral drug absorption 170, 176-7 herding boards 140

herpesviruses 201, 206, 359-64, 363, 469, 532

in bettongs 201, 361-2

in cetaceans 201, 206, 640

clinical disease 362-3

co-evolution with hosts 361-2

in dasyurids 30, 360-1, 362-3, 573

diagnosis 363, 776

epidemiology 359-61

in greater bilbies and bandicoots 360-1, 589-90 human 525

in koalas 28, 360-1, 362

in macropods 26, 201, 333, 359-64, 448

pathogenesis 361-2

in platypus 428

subfamilies 359-60

treatment and prevention 363-4

in wombats 29, 360-2, 554

hexachlorobenzene 644

hibernation 440

hindgut-fermenting herbivores, gastrointestinal tract 230 hip dysplasia 515

histiocytic sarcoma 311

histiocytoma 207, 311-12

Histoplasma spp. 642

honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) 69, 72, 74-5, 117, 135, 245 -6 hookworms 284, 624

hoop nets 128, 133, 137, 139-40, 145

horizontal gene transfer 290-2

hormonal implants 91-3

hormone monitoring, non-invasive 80-1

horses

gastrointestinal tract 230

and Hendra virus 275, 601, 610-14

hospital-acquired infections, antibiotic-resistant bacteria 295 host factors, alterations in, and EID 336

host-parasite dynamics 41

house mice (Mus musculatus) 204

Human Animal Spillover and Emerging Disease Scanning

Group (HASEDS) 14

human antibodies 104-5

human-wildlife conflict 89-90, 635, 644

see also entanglement

hump-backed whale (Megaptera novaeangeliae) 117, 636, 637, 643, 643, 644

husbandry 34, 60, 63, 66, 73, 189, 199, 203, 370

bats 595

cetaceans 145

and dermatological conditions 186, 189, 196, 199, 202-3 dugongs 648-50

echidnas 463

and monotreme/marsupial reproduction 66, 74, 77-8 paediatric history taking 260-1

paediatric preventative medicine programs 266, 269-70 pinnipeds 629

surgery 153

wombats 553

hydatid disease 33, 278, 282, 285, 471, 471 hypercalcaemia 513

hypercapnia 143 hypercellularity 497-8

hyperechoic deposits 512, 512

hyperglycaemia 515-16 hyperinsulinaemia 516

hyperostotic bone disease 559 hyperparathyroidism 574 hyperproteinaemia 505 hypertension 131, 474 hyperthermia 127, 450, 496

during capture 125, 129, 132, 138-40, 147, 548 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 474 hypertrophic osteopathy 474, 516 hypervitaminosis D 328, 449, 556 hypoaldosteronism 477 hypocalcaemia 513 hypocellularity 498 hypodontia 215 Hypodontus macropi 27, 471 hypoglycaemia, in neonates and juveniles 262-4 hypopnoea 147 hypoproteinaemia 497, 505 hypotension, anaesthesia-related 133, 143, 263

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity as measure of stress 113-14

hypothermia 125, 127, 132, 134, 138, 262

neonates and juveniles 263 hypoventilation 141, 263 hypovolaemia 264 hypoxaemia 263 hypoxia 143

ichthyosis 197 idiopathic alopecic, erythemic and scaling dermatoses 198-9 idiopathic ulcerative dermatoses 202-3 idoxuridine 755

imidacloprid 192-3, 737, 745, 747-8 imidocarb dipropionate 399-400 imipenem 355

immune function 114

and stress in Australian mammals 114

young animals 258-9, 266 immune system

bats 99, 101-2, 104-6

marsupials 99-108, 258-9

monotremes 99-108 immune tissues 100-1 immunity

adaptive 103, 106-8 innate 101-2, 258-9 passive 99-100, 259, 265 immunocontraceptive vaccines 93-4 immunoglobulins 99-100, 107-8, 258-9, 265, 369 immunology 99-108 immunomodulation 524-5 immunotherapy, DFTD 582-4 IMMY lateral flow assay 381 in-stream microchip readers 431 inappetence 179, 180, 460, 462-3 incident management team structure (bushfire emergency) 406-7

incompatibility, and reproductive failure 79

Indo-Pacific bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) 201, 206, 317, 326, 344, 346, 635, 639, 641-4

Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin (Sousa chinensis) 643 infectious diseases

bandicoots and greater bilby 589-91

bats 599-603

cetaceans 638-42

dasyurids and numbats 572-3 echidnas 447-8, 452

macropods 468-74

pinnipeds 624-6

platypus 428

possums and gliders 562-6

rodents 618-20

young animals 266

see also zoonoses

infertility

genetic causes 79

koalas 535

male 81

marsupials 77, 79

monotremes 66-7

inhalation anaesthesia 130-1, 135-9, 142

injectable anaesthetic agents 124, 126-7, 130, 134-6, 138, 142, 146

Inland forest bat (Vespadelus baverstocki) 391

innate immunity 101-2, 258-9

insectivorous bats 137-8, 248

insulin 741

integrons 292, 294-5 intensive care protocols, koalas 499, 503-7 interferons (IFN) 102, 532

Intergovernmental Agreement on Biosecurity (IGAB) 5, 15 interleukins 102, 532

International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 41

Manual of Procedures for Wildlife Disease Risk Assessment 41-2

Reintroduction Guidelines 42

intervertebral disc disease 574

intestinal tumours 313, 316 intracerebral malignancies, pinnipeds 316 intraperitoneal transmitter devices 24 intravenous fluid administration, cetaceans 638, 638 intrinsic resistance 290

intubation 127, 130-1, 133-6, 138, 146, 147 intussusception 511

invertebral disc disease 574

iodine supplementation 78 iodo-deoxycytidine 363 isavuconazole 382

isoflurane 124-7, 130, 133-6, 138, 142, 146, 148, 270, 416, 549, 725-9

isoniazid 626, 752

Isospora spp. 26, 457

isoxazolines 192-3, 194

itraconazole 175, 194, 196, 200, 382, 445, 733, 735, 739, 744 ivermectin 34, 174-5, 177, 192, 194, 204, 467, 557, 624, 642, 734, 737, 741, 743, 745, 747-8, 751, 753, 756-7

Ixodes

australiensis 388

fecialis 572 holocyclus 194, 278, 321, 572, 591, 605-6 Ornithorhynchi 426, 428 spp. 27, 29-31, 33, 395, 447 tasmani 278, 572, 620

Johnsprentia copemani 602

Julia Creek dunnart (Sminthopsis douglasi) 74, 306-7, 377, 571 juveniles see paediatrics

Kakadu dunnart (Sminthopsis bindi) 328 kaluta (Dasykaluta rosamondae) 189, 204, 243, 570 kangaroo harvesting industry 6, 280 kangaroos see macropods; tree-kangaroos Kaposi’s sarcoma 525

keratinocytes 187, 188-9, 188, 201, 205, 774 keratitis 478, 478, 513, 629-30, 784-5 keratoacanthoma 207, 305 keratoconjunctivitis 449, 534, 537 keratomycosis 513-14 keratopathy 158, 629-30, 643 ketamine 139, 142, 176, 466, 725-9 ketoconazole 192, 196, 470, 514, 739, 755 Klebsiella

oxytoca 291

pneumoniae 291, 293-4, 469

antibiotic resistance 293-5

spp. 201, 446

antibiotic resistance 294-5

Klossiella

quimrensis 590-1

sp. 562-3

klossiellosis 562-3

Koala Disease Risk Analysis Report 11 koala immune deficiency syndrome (KIDS) 524 koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) 495-517

abdominocentesis 497, 498, 498

alopecia 195 anaesthesia 132, 726-7 analgesia 506 anatomy and physiology 495-6 anterior chamber collapse syndrome 514 antibacterial-induced dysbiosis 179-80, 508-10, 536, 781 antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 294-5

arthritis 535, 536 bacterial cystitis 513 biochemistry 496-7, 671-2 blood sampling 499 bone marrow examination 77-8, 497-8 bone repair 154-5 bordetellosis 511

as Buruli ulcer host 283

bushfires and burn injuries 404, 415, 514-15 caeco-colic dysbiosis/typhlocolitis syndrome 496, 504, 506, 508-10, 781

candidiasis 510-11

capture 132, 546-50 chemical restraint 132-3, 549 Chlamydia-free 496, 507, 531 chlamydiosis 29, 33, 73, 77, 107, 158, 164, 179, 294, 333, 335-6, 339, 361-2, 392, 529-39, 549

climate change effects 245 clinical examination 496 clinical pathology 496-9 coccidiomycosis 517 commissurotomy 156 conjunctival ablation 158 conjunctivitis 534, 534 conservation status 495 contraception 91-2, 94 craniofacial osteochondroma 300, 303, 304 cryptococcosis 204, 334, 374-7, 379-81, 380, 776 cryptosporidiosis 282 cutaneous myiasis 194 cystitis 499, 513, 517, 534-7, 535, 780 cystocentesis 499 cystotomy 161 demodicosis 189 dental formulae 213 dental problems 216, 218, 218, 221 dental record 764 dermatophytosis 195-6 developmental milestones 261

diabetes 515-16

diagnostic tests 497

diseases 508-17

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 28

dog attacks 502-3, 505, 514, 514, 515

drug therapy 294, 502-4, 505-6, 536-8, 732, 738-41 ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy 157 enucleation 158

faecal examination 502-4, 510

faecal pellets 508 feeding 506-7 fleas 193 fluid therapy 505 fluorosis 325 as folivore 170 free-ranging, management 538-9, 543-50 fungal cystitis 513 fur mites 191 gastrointestinal disease 504, 508-11 gastrointestinal microbiota 195-6, 258 gastrointestinal torsion 160, 511 gastrointestinal tract 230 gastrostomy 160-1 glucocorticoid studies 114, 116 gut microbiomes 245 haematology 262, 496-7, 671 haemorrhage 505 hand-reared 258 head trauma 503, 505 hemicastration 164 hepatic clearance 732 herpesviruses 360-3, 532 hip and shoulder dysplasia 515 hyperproteinaemia 505 hypoproteinemia 497, 505 immunity 101-2, 104, 106-8 incompatibility 79 infertility 535 intensive care protocols 499, 502-7 intussusception 511 juveniles 258, 261, 262 keratoconjunctivitis 534, 537 keratomycosis 513-14 kyphoscoliosis 516 kyphosis 516, 516 laparoscopy 159 laparotomy 159 leaf selection 506-7 leucocytosis 497, 509 leukaemia 497, 777 limb fracture 156, 502 lymphoid neoplasia 300, 301-3 male reproductive assessment 69-70 malocclusion 218 mandibular fracture 157 mesothelioma 300, 501 metabolic bone disease 266, 515 metabolic rate 234 metabolism pathways 178-9, 181 mycobacterial diseases 201, 283, 350-2, 354 myelodysplasia 497-8, 525, 777 nasal masses 162 neoplasia 299, 300-4, 306, 501, 525 non-chlamydial cystitis 513 normal faecal flora 510, 510 nutrition 241, 245, 506 nutritional supplementation 506-7 oesophagitis 516-17 oestrus 77 ophthalmic disorders 513-14, 534 oral examination 213, 219 osteopathy 516 otitis externa 207 otitis media 515 ovariohysterectomy 164 overabundance 87, 88, 89 oviductal transection 164 oxalate nephrosis 511-13, 780 pap 258 papillomavirus infections 206 parasitism by Ophidascaris robertsi 517 peritoneal fluid cytology 500-1, 778-9 peritonitis 500, 501

pharmacological studies 170-1, 172-4, 176-7, 179 pharyngitis 516-17 physical restraint 132 physiological alopecia 197 physiological data 715 polyarthritis 517 post-release monitoring 60 pouch 72

pouch dermatitis 201

pouch infection and PY loss 78 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 132 ptyalism 517 as Q fever host 277, 281 radiotransmitters 165 reproductive biology 76 reproductive disorders 80 resection and anastomosis 160 respiratory diseases 511 retrovirus see koala retrovirus (KoRV) rhinitis-pneumonia 535 sarcoptic mange/scabies 190, 279, 285, 339 sedation 132, 726

semen collection 71

seminal characteristics 72

serosal malignancies 303

sialorrhea 517

soil or termite mound dirt 507

sperm assessment 72

squamous cell carcinoma 300 superficial lymph nodes of the head 215 telemetry, data-logging tags and implants 543-5 testicular asymmetry and hypoplasia 517 thermoregulation 496

tonsillitis 516-17 transfaunation 507-8

transfusions 505

translocations 21, 90, 539

trauma and predation 502-3, 505, 513-14 trypanosomes 387, 389-90, 392 urethritis 534

urinalysis 497, 711

urinary incontinence 496, 534, 535 urine sediment sample 513, 780 urinogenital tract disease 511-13, 534-5, 535, 536-7 venipuncture sites 720 verminous pneumonia 511 volar hyperkeratosis 198 ‘wet bottom’ 496, 534, 535

wound infection 278

wound management 508

koala retrovirus (KoRV) 28, 301, 333, 391, 521-6, 532, 618 clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment 525-6 epidemiology 522-3

origins 521

pathogenesis 524-5 subtypes and variants 522-3, 525

Koalachirus perkinsi 28, 191

kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei) 70, 207, 243, 306-7, 683-4, 721

Krefft’s glider (Petaurus notatus) 117

kultarr (Antichinomys laniger) 106, 240, 715 kyphoscoliosis 516

kyphosis 516, 516

Labidopygus australiensis 190

Labiomultiplex spp. 27

Labiosimplex spp. 27

Lacazia loboi 200, 284

lacaziosis see paracoccidiomycosis

Lactobacillus spp. 444, 446

lactulose 445

Laelaps spp. 192

laelaptid mites 191-2

Lantana camara 202, 323

laparoscopy 159

laparotomy 159

large bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae) 693 laryngeal carcinomas 309, 313 laryngoscope 131, 138 lead poisoning 326

Leadbeaters possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) 23, 31, 193, 234, 241, 246, 311-12, 361, 377, 562

leg-hold traps 139

legislation and regulation

biosecurity 7, 15

care and rehabilitation of wildlife 14-15, 54-5 mammal translocation 39-40

protection and biodiversity conservation 139, 145, 594 leiomyoma 304, 305, 308, 310, 312, 314-16 leiomyosarcoma 304, 307, 309, 312-16

Leishmania

infantum 473

spp. 27, 206, 284, 334, 338

leishmaniasis 284, 334-5, 338, 473

lens luxation 629

lensectomy 158

leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) 117, 140, 141, 145, 316, 621-2, 625-7, 702-3, 729

Leptospira borgpetersenii 30 interrogans 29, 31-2 var hardjo 428 serovars 281

spp. 26, 29, 31-2, 278, 281, 573, 652 weilli 30, 32

leptospirosis 6, 273, 278, 281-2, 428, 573, 601 Leptotrombidium delicense 281

lesser long-eared bat (Nyctophilus geoffroyi) 314, 389, 391, 693 lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) 606 lethal control, overabundant populations 94-5 lethal injection 95, 651-2

lethargy 460

leucocyte receptor complex (LRC) genes 101 leucocytosis 497, 509

leucoencephalopathy 573-4

leucopenia 328, 444, 497, 506, 509

leukaemia 168, 309, 311, 313-16, 497, 525, 578, 620, 777

leukaemic lymphosarcoma 301-3, 312, 314 levamisole 171, 745

levonorgestrel 91-2, 738, 741

lice 193, 555

lidocaine 467

light sources, oral examination 213

lignocaine 35, 135, 142, 155, 503-4, 740, 749

limb fractures 153-5, 268, 453

lincomycin 744

linear scaling 169

lipoleioma 312

lipoma 300, 305-6, 308, 310, 312, 314-15

Lipomatosis 314

lipophilic drugs 180

lipophilic xenobiotics 177-8

lipophobic drugs 180

liposarcoma 304, 307, 309, 315

Listeria

ivanovii 619

monocytogenes 31, 564

spp. 782

listeriosis 564, 619, 782

little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) 196, 232

little red flying-fox (Petrogale scapulatus) 117, 205, 276, 314, 366, 387, 389-90, 393, 599, 602, 689-90

liver 100

lobomycosis 200, 284

locally overabundant 87-8

locoregional anaesthesia, macropods 132 lomustine 301

Lonepinella

koalarum 278, 496

sp. 278

long-beaked echidnas (Zaglossus spp.) 435, 440 long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) 639 long-footed potoroo (Potorous longipes) 73, 201, 205, 234, 242, 283, 308-9, 352, 380

long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) 204, 231, 247, 280, 300, 389, 397, 590, 685-6

long-nosed fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) 142, 145, 158, 244, 249, 275, 277, 295, 316, 327, 344, 345, 350, 621, 622-7, 623, 630, 698-9, 784

long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) 73, 117, 206, 309, 350, 352, 378, 380, 389-90, 397, 468, 469, 476

long-tailed planigale (Planigale ingrami) 234, 570

Longman’s beaked whale (Indopacetus pacificus) 640 Lophostemon spp. 506-7

Lucilia sp. 591 lufenuron 193, 757

Lumholtz’s tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi) 234, 360, 362, 465, 468, 661-2

lumpy jaw see macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD)

lumpy skin disease 6

lung development 257

luxated teeth 223

Lycopsylla nova 555

Lyme disease 335

lymph node lymphosarcoma 309

lymph nodes 100

lymphadenitis 278, 284, 351, 352, 355 lymphocytopoiesis 100 lymphoid leukemia 303 lymphoid neoplasia 299

in koalas 300, 301-3

clinical signs 301-2

diagnostics 302

treatment and management 302-3

in wombats 310

lymphoma 206, 501, 525, 643 lymphosarcoma 299-309, 311-12, 314-17 lyssavirus see Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV)

Maclears rat (Rattus macleari) 388

macrocyclic lactones 192-4 macroparasites see arthropods; helminths macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD) 114, 226,

238, 467, 483-92

clinical pathology 488

clinical signs 488 culture 488, 490 defined 483

diagnosis 488-90

examination 488

inappropriate species-specific zoo-based management 487 microbiology 484-5

pathogenesis 484

prevention 492

previous episodes of 486

proximate risk factors 485-7

radiography 486-90, 488

terminology 483

treatment 490-2

microbial manipulation 491-2

physical manipulation 490-1

principles 491 supportive care 491, 492

vaccination 492

Macropodicoptes mironovi 190

macropodid herpesviruses (MaHV-1, MaHV-2 and MaHV-4)

26, 201, 333, 360, 362-3, 363, 448

macropods 128, 465-78

aggressive behaviour 467

amoebiasis 474

amyloidosis 477

anaesthesia 130-1, 149, 467, 726

antibiotic resistance 292, 293 biochemistry 465-6, 659-70 blastocystis 473-4 bot fly myiasis 472

burns 408, 411

candidiasis 194 capture 127, 128-9 capture myopathy 122, 127 cataract surgery 158 cervical spinal fractures 155-6, 474 chemical restraint 127-32 clinical pathology 465-6 coccidiosis 270, 472-3 conjunctivitis 478, 478 cryptococcosis 378, 470 cryptosporidiosis 282, 473 darting 127-9 dental formulae 213 dental problems 216, 220, 225 dental record 765 dentition 215, 216 dermatophytosis 195-6, 195, 279, 285 diagnostic imaging 466 diseases 468-78

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 26-7

diverticula 475

drug therapy 467, 734-8 echinococcosis 468, 471 enucleation 158 environmental dermatoses 197 environmental mite dermatitis 191 Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 200, 283 euthanasia 270-1 fascioliasis 471-2 fleas 193 fluorosis 325, 325 fly dermatitis 194 gastrointestinal foreign bodies 476 gastrointestinal helminths 470-1, 477 gastrointestinal tracts 230 giardiasis 473 glucocorticoid studies 114, 117 haematology 465, 659, 661, 663, 665, 667, 669 herpesviruses 201, 333, 359-64, 448, 469 hypertension 474 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 474 hypertrophic osteopathy 474 hypoaldosteronism 477 ichthyosis 197 immunity 101-2, 104, 106-7 individual marking 123 keratitis 478, 478 laparoscopy 159 laparotomy 159 leishmaniasis 206, 284, 334, 473 Leptospira antibodies 282 lice 193 locoregional anaesthesia 132 long and other bone repair 153-4 malnutrition 477 managed care diet 238, 245

megaoesophagus 474-5

mesenteric fat necrosis 476

mesenteric volvulus 159-60

metabolic rate 234

metabolism 178

miticides 192

mortality and morbidity events in free-ranging 6, 477-8 mycobacterial diseases 205, 350-2, 354-5 necrotic dermatitis 478

neoplasia 161, 305, 308-9

neosporosis 473

neural angiostrongyliasis 366, 368-9

nocardiosis 204

nutrition 238, 245

oesophageal diverticula 159, 475 onychomycosis 470 ophthalmology 465-6, 474 oral examination 213, 214 orbiviruses 333, 335, 338, 469 orchiectomy 162-3 otitis 469

ovariectomy 164 ovariohysterectomy 164 overabundance 87-8, 94 oviductal transection 164 papillomaviruses 206, 468 pharmacological studies 170, 174, 178-9, 466 -7 photosensitisation 202 physical restraint 127 physiological data 715 piroplasms 334, 395-6, 398-9 plant toxicoses 321-3 pouch dermatitis 200 poxvirus infections 205, 468, 469 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 130 preventative medicine 467-8 protozoal rhinitis 473 as Q fever host 277, 281, 333 Queensland tick typhus host 278 reoviruses 469

reproductive biology 71, 75-6

reproductive disorders 80 retroviruses 468

rhabdoviruses 469 rhinosinusitis 470 as Ross River virus host 275-6, 276 as Salmonella host 277, 280 sarcoptic mange/scabies 190, 285, 339 scrotal ablation 162-3

sedation/tranquillisation 127, 129-30, 725-6 semen collection 71

shooting control programs 94-5

starvation 477

syndromes of uncertain aetiology 477-8 tail amputation 156 tick dermatitis 194

toxicoses 324

toxoplasmosis 284, 334, 344-6

tracheostomy 162

translocation 90

treponema 470

trypanosomes 389-91, 393

urinalysis 711-12

urolithiasis 476-7

vaccines 468

vasectomy 164

venipuncture sites 720

vertebrate toxic agent effects 323-4

vitamin and mineral requirements 238, 245

volvulus 475-6

xanthomatosis 476

xeroderma 198

zoonoses 470

mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) 310, 311 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 99, 101, 103, 106-7,

579

classes in marsupial and monotreme species 107 Malassezia spp. 187, 448

Malayan flying-fox (Pteropus vampyrus) 207 malignant melanoma 207 malnutrition 477

malocclusion 217-18, 218, 558

asymmetrical 217

dorsoventral 217

rostrocaudal 217

side-to-side 217, 218

symmetrical 217

mammary neoplasms 161, 299, 301, 305-13, 315

diagnosis 301

outcome of surgical treatment 302

treatment 301

managed care diet formulation 229-31, 233-5

animals destined for release 235

Australian mammals 239-44, 247-8

wombats 552-3

manatees 147

mandibular fractures 157 mannitol 741 manual restraint, young seals 140

Manuka honey 414 marbofloxacin 294-5, 536, 752

Marburg virus 594

Maritrema ornithorhynchi 428

maropitant 445, 462, 734, 747 marsupial immunoglobulin-like receptors (MAIRs) 101 marsupial mole (Notorcytes spp.) 69, 239 marsupials

cytokines 106

herpesviruses 357-64

immunology 99-108, 258-9

milk secretion 259

reproduction 69-79

reproductive disorders 79-80

reproductive endocrinology 80-1

species-specific antibodies 104

see also macropods

Marsupostrongylus

minesi 31

spp. 566

mast cell leukaemia 305, 307

mastitis 78, 574

mastocytoma 306, 308

maternal protection strategies 258-9

matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) 532

Matschies tree-kangaroo (Dendrolagus matschiei) 71, 76, 234, 308-9, 468, 474, 477, 661-2, 712, 715

mebendazole 328

medetomidine 132, 139, 163, 549, 636, 651, 725-9 mediastinal lymphosarcoma 315 medulloblastoma 307 megaoesophagus 474-5

Mehlisia ornithorhynchi 428

Melaleuca (Callistemon) spp. 506

melanoma 207, 307, 309, 314-16

Melomys

burtoni 618

lutillus 277

melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra) 333, 639 meloxicam 170, 173, 176, 178-9, 181, 506, 572, 630, 638, 732, 734, 736, 742, 746, 748, 750-1, 753, 755

Menangle virus 276, 333, 335, 601 meningioma 307, 310 meningoencephalitis 365, 380, 469, 474 mercury toxicity 326 meropenem 755 mesenteric fat necrosis 476 mesenteric volvulus 159-60, 160, 475-6, 652, 653 mesh (‘gill’) nets 123-4

Mesolaelaps

sminthopsis 191

spp. 192

mesothelioma 300, 303, 307, 314, 501

metabolic bone disease 245, 248, 266, 269, 515, 553, 555

metabolic rates 229-30, 234-5, 246

metabolic scaling 169

metabolism (drugs) 169, 178-9

metabolic rate versus pharmacokinetic process of metabolism 178

metabolism enzyme activity 178-9

metagenomics 292

metallothionein 326

metatarsal sarcoma 313

methadone 142, 502-3, 733, 736, 740, 744, 748 -9, 752 methicillin, resistance to 292, 294

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 102, 291, 295 methylprednisolone acetate 756

metoclopramide 741, 745

metronidazole 492, 733, 735, 739, 744, 749, 755

miconazole 194, 445, 510, 733, 736, 749

miconazole nitrate/chlorhexidine gluconate 742

microbats 137, 594, 599, 602

biochemistry 693

diet 243, 248 feeding 265 haematology 693 husbandry 595 toxoplasmosis 602 venipuncture sites 598, 722 white-nose syndrome 602 microbial culture, tissue biopsies 187-8 microbiome

koala 245, 495-6

pinnipeds 249

Tasmanian devil 247 wombat 245

microparasites see bacteria; fungi; protozoa; viruses Microsporum

canis 195

gypseum 195, 428, 448 midazolam 130, 176, 636, 652, 725-9 milbemycin oxime 370, 753, 757 milk 236, 259, 265 minerals

bat diet 248

dugong diet 250 glider and possum diet 245 macropod diet 238, 245 monotreme diet 236 misoprostol 638, 753, 756 mist nets 137

Mitchell’s hopping mouse (Notomys mitchellii) 315 mites 189-93, 447, 555, 572-3

diagnosis 191-2

environmental 191

treatment 192-3

miticides 192 mobility (teeth) 219 modified agglutination test (MAT) 345 molar progression 225, 485-6, 486 Molluscum contagiosum 205 MOMP (chlamydial) vaccine 538 Moniliformis semoni 32 monotremes

cytokines 106

digestive physiology 235-6

immunology 99-108 reproductive assessment and management 66-81 species-specific antibodies 104 see also platypus; short-beaked echidna morbilliviruses 204, 333, 337, 339, 624, 638-9 Moreauia mirabilis 428 Morganella morganii 652 mortality and morbidity events, in free-ranging macropods 6, 477-8

mosquito-borne diseases 275 mother-to-joey transmission, chlamydia 532 mountain brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus cunninghami) 191, 198, 201, 283, 472, 531, 563, 679-80

mountain pygmy-possum (Burramys parvus) 116, 311-12, 377, 566

moxidectin 174-5, 177, 192, 194, 467, 557, 734, 737, 743, 747-8, 757

moxifloxacin 205, 355

Mucor

amphibiorum 199-200, 334, 427

Circinelloides 427, 430

mucormycosis 199-200, 334, 426-7, 430

mulgaras (Dasycercus spp.) 70, 234, 239, 243, 307, 360 multicentric lymphosarcoma 307, 311-15 multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) 291, 295

Murichuris spp. 191

murine leukaemia virus (MuLV) 521, 524

musculoskeletal sarcoma 312

musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodon moschatus) 238, 465 myambutol 626, 746, 752

mycobacteria 349

rapidly-growing 349, 352-3, 354

slow-growing 349, 352, 354

mycobacterial dermatitis 24, 30, 201, 205, 350-2 mycobacterial diseases 275-7, 280, 333, 349-50 in Australian mammals 311, 350, 352-3, 355

mycobacteriosis 349-56

necropsy and sampling 355-6 non-tuberculous 349-55

tuberculous 274-7, 280, 335, 349-50, 355, 625 Mycobacterium

abscessus 351, 353

alvei 352

arupense 353

asiaticum 351, 353

avium 205, 352, 572

subsp. avium 350, 352

subsp. paratuberculosis 350, 352

bovis 275-6, 350, 355

chelonae 205, 353, 447

chitae 205, 351, 353

fortuitum complex 205, 350-2, 355, 573

genavense 352

gordonae 351-2

intracellulare 205, 350, 352-3, 447, 572

mageritense 205, 352

pinnipedii 275, 277, 280, 333, 349-50, 355, 625

diagnostic methods 625-6

scrofulcaeum 351-2

senegalense 352

smegmatis 205, 352

spp. 26, 30, 32, 203, 573

tuberculosis 350, 355-6, 625-6

ulcerans 31-2, 201, 283, 333, 350-2, 563-4, 590

Mycoplasma phocicerebrale 283

mycotic dermatitis 445-6, 448

mycotic stomatitis 445-6, 451

myelodysplasia 497-8, 525, 777

myeloid series cells 498

myelolipoma 311

myeloma 316

myelopathy 573, 574

myiasis, cutaneous 194

myocardial lymphosarcoma 314

Myocoptes

leptotrombidium 191

musculinus 191

spp. 30

myxofibroma 304

myxosarcoma 303, 305, 310-11

nail-tailed wallabies (Onychogalea spp.) 117, 191, 230, 238, 242, 309, 726

naltrexone 726, 727, 729

narrow-toed feather-tailed glider (Acrobates pygmaeus) 74, 246, 377, 564

Nasitrema spp. 642

nasopharyngeal cryptococcoma 380

nasotracheal intubation 131

National Avian Influenza Wild Bird Surveillance Program 7

National Biosecurity Communication and Engagement

Network (NBCEN) 13

National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of Kangaroos and Wallabies for Commercial Purposes 94

National Code of Practice for the Humane Shooting of

Kangaroos and Wallabies for Non-Commercial Purposes 94

National Guidelines for Management of Disease in Free-ranging

Australian Wildlife 8

National Significant Disease Investigation Program (NSDIP) 9 National Wildlife Biosecurity Guideline 8

National Wildlife Health Information System (eWHIS) 11 National Zoo Biosecurity Manual 8

native wildlife 4

natural hazards, and wildlife emergencies 13-14

natural killer (NK) cells 101, 108, 533, 583

necrobacillosis see macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD)

necropsy 56, 545-6

dugong 649, 652, 653

echidnas 461

free-ranging koalas 545-6 mycobacteriosis 356

necrotic tail syndrome 566

necrotising dermatitis 643

necrotising fasciitis 641

necrotising hepatitis 652

needle fenestration 203

nematodes 24, 27, 204, 365-70, 517, 566, 572, 603, 619, 642 nematodiasis

juvenile stranded cetaceans 642 otariid seal pups 624

Neodiplostomum sarcophili 572

neonates 256

gastrointestinal system 257-8

loss of pouch young 78

renal function 257

respiratory system 256-7

skin 258

see also paediatrics neoplasia 299-317

bandicoots 300, 309-10, 312-13

bats 313-14

cetaceans 316-17

dasyurids 206, 299, 303-5 dermatological 198, 202 dingoes 314-15 dugongs 317

gliders 300, 305-8, 310-11, 310 greater bilby 312-13 koalas 299-305, 304, 525 macropods 161, 305, 308-9 marsupials - general 299-301 numbats 311 pinnipeds 316 platypus 312 possums 162, 308, 311-12 rodents 207, 313-15 short-beaked echidnas 161, 312, 314, 453 Tasmanian devil 30, 161, 198, 207, 300, 302-6, 578-85 wombats 310, 555

Neospora caninum 26, 344-5, 473 neosporosis 473

Neotrumbicula novaehollandiae 191, 573 nephroblastoma 305, 309 nest boxes 68, 135-7 nets 136

Fyke 123, 124

hoop 128, 133, 137, 139-40, 145

mesh 123-4

mist 137

sausage 140, 141 seal restraint 142 seine 145

neural angiostrongyliasis (NA) 6, 365-70, 591 aetiology 365-6

in Australian native mammals 366, 563, 602 clinical signs 367-8 diagnosis 369 epidemiology 366-7 pathology 368-9

treatment and prevention 369-70 neuroblastoma 316

neuroendocrine indicators of chronic stress 115 neuroendocrine system 113 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity as a measure of stress 113-14

neuroleptic drugs 130, 416-17, 728 neuron specific enolase 580

New Holland mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae) 35 Ngaingan virus 469

Nicollina spp. 447 nidovirus 31, 565 ningaui (Ningaui spp.), diet 240 Nipah virus 335, 594, 601

Nocardia

asteroides 204, 640

brasiliensis 204, 640, 785

cyriacigeorgica 640

farcinica 640

levis 640

sp. 640

spp. 203, 484, 625

transvalensis 204

nocardiosis 204, 625, 640-1, 785

nodules and nodular skin swellings 203-7

non-endemic variant, definition 5 non-infectious diseases

bandicoots 591-2

bats 603-7

cetaceans 642-4

dasyurids and numbats 573-5

echidnas 449-50, 452-3

macropods 474-7

pinnipeds 626-30

platypus 429

possums and gliders 566-7

non-invasive hormone monitoring 80-1, 115

non-invasive measures of stress 115-17

non-opioid analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs bandicoots and the greater bilby 748 bats 749 -50

cetaceans 638, 755

dasyurids and the numbat 746

koalas 740-1

macropods 736

monotremes 733-4

pinnipeds 753

possums and gliders 745

rodents 751

wombats 742

non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) 263

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 178, 181, 225, 264, 416, 445, 462, 502-3, 506, 517, 638

non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) 349-55 aetiology 349

in Australian mammals 352-3

Australian mammals susceptibility to 354 clinical disease 351

cutaneous disease 24, 201, 205, 350-5, 775

diagnosis 351, 354

epidemiology 349-50

pathology 351, 775

prevention and control 354

treatment 354-5

visceral or disseminated disease 351

noradrenaline 113

norandrostenolone 756

norfloxacin 514

Northern Australian Quarantine Strategy (NAQS) 7, 12 northern bettong (Bettongia tropica) 238 northern blossom-bat (Dobsonia magna) 594 northern brown bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) 47, 75, 78, 103-5, 191, 204, 206, 247, 277, 280-1, 283, 313, 387, 389-90, 393, 395-7, 588, 590-1

northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) 162 northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii) 22, 35, 116, 133, 551-2, 558, 675-6, 727

northern nail-tailed wallaby (Onychogalea unguifera) 160, 230

northern phascogale (Phasgogalepirata) 328

northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) 247, 280, 306-7, 328, 346, 353, 377, 396, 572, 574, 715

Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) 365

nosocomial infections 295

notifiable animal diseases 5, 9-11, 274, 350, 600

notifiable human diseases 278-81, 350

Notoedres

cati 190

muris 31, 190

numbat (Myrmecobiusfasciatus) 570-5 acoustic tags 165 anaesthesia 727

capture 134-5 chemical restraint 135

cryptococcosis 377

dental formulae 213

diseases 572-5

drug therapy 746-7

environmental dermatoses 197

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 200, 283, 573 gastrointestinal tract 232

glucocorticoid studies 116 immunity 101, 106, 107 mycobacterial diseases 205, 350-5, 572 neoplasia 311

nutrition 239, 246-7 physical restraint 135 physiological data 715 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125 reproductive biology 76 Salmonella isolates 573 sedation 727 seminal plugs 71 venipuncture sites 721-2

nutrition 229-50

animals destined for release 235 bandicoots 241, 247

bats 243, 248 bushfire-affected wildlife 417 dasyurids 239-40, 246-7, 571 dingo 243, 247-8 dugongs 243, 249-50, 649 echidnas 235-7, 239 effect on reproduction 78-9 feeding free-ranging wildlife during or after bushfires 417-18

gliders 241-2, 245-6 greater bilby 240, 247 koala 241, 245, 506-7

macropods 238, 245

managed care formulation 229-31, 233-5 marine mammals 243-4, 249-50 marsupial mole 239 numbat 239, 246-7 paediatric patients 265-6 platypus 235-6, 238-9 possums 241, 245-6 rodents 243, 248-9

Tasmanian devil 571 and welfare 231-5 wombats 241, 245, 552-3 nutritional dermatoses 197 nutritional supplementation 78, 506-7 nystatin 180, 194, 504, 510, 733, 735-6, 739, 742, 744, 748-9

Octosporella hystrix 457 ocular disease, koalas 534, 534 Odontacarus

adelaideae 191 echidnus 447 oesophageal diverticula 159 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma 312 oesophagitis 516-17 oesophagostomy 159-60 oestrus 73, 81

and changes in bodyweight and appetite 77

and changes in non-reproductive behaviours 74, 77 confirmation of 74

detection of 74, 77

overt behavioural signs 77 postpartum 73-4 pouch changes 77

oestrus cycle 68 evaluation 75-6

ofloxacin 537, 755 oligodendroglioma 316 oligodendroma 316 omeprazole 445, 462, 503-4, 756 omnivores, gastrointestinal tract 231 One Health framework 14, 273, 295-6, 614 onychomycosis 196, 470 oocysts

coccidiosis 445, 459-60, 461, 462-3, 473 cryptosporidia 282, 591 toxoplasmosis 343-4, 346

oocyte cryopreservation 571 ophidascariasis 563

Ophidascaris robertsi 30, 204, 517, 563 ophthalmic abnormalities, macropods 474 ophthalmic disease, pinnipeds 629-30 ophthalmic disorders, koalas 513-14, 534 ophthalmic surgery 157-8 ophthalmology

macropods 465-6, 474 pinnipeds 622 opioid analgesics 263, 265

bandicoots and the greater bilby 748

bats 749

cetaceans 638, 755

dasyurids and the numbat 746

echidnas 445

koalas 502-4, 506, 740

macropods 736

monotremes 733

pinnipeds 752

possums and gliders 744

rodents 751

wombats 742

oral cavity 154

oral drug absorption in herbivores and folivores 170, 176-7

oral necrobacillosis 483

oral tumours 309, 315-16

orbiviruses, in macropods 26, 333, 335, 338, 469 orchiectomy 162-3

organochlorine pesticides 327

organophosphate pesticides 326

Orientia tsutsugamushi 277, 281

Ornithonyssus bacoti 33, 192

orphans

feeding and nutrition 265, 266, 267

free-ranging animals 262

history 259, 261, 267

immunity issues 259

marsupials, physiological data 715

preventative medicine 266, 269-70 wombats 553

orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis 197-8, 449, 453 orthopaedic surgery 153

limbs and pelvis 153-5

vertebrae 155-6

os calcaris 423, 424, 436

oscillometry 131

osteochondromatosis 162, 303, 308

osteodysplasia 559

osteofluorosis 325

osteoma 311

osteomyelitis

mandibular 484-5, 487, 488, 489-90, 490-2 with otitis 469, 516

osteopenia 266, 269

osteosarcoma 305, 307, 309-11, 313, 316

otariids 140, 142-4, 249, 621, 729

castration 164

dental formulae 213

dental record 770

dentition 216-17

hookworms 624

keratitis 629, 784-5

starvation/exhaustion 626, 626

thoracic radiographic anatomy 623, 623 venipuncture sites 722-3

otitis interna/externa/media 207, 469, 515

ovarian tumours 306, 308, 312, 315

ovariectomy 91, 164

ovariohysterectomy 91, 164, 537

overabundant populations 87-96

consequences 89-90 contraception 90-4, 95 definition 87

dispersal 95

ethical and welfare consideration 95-6

lethal control 94-5, 324

management options 90-5 reasons for 87-9

translocation 90, 539

oviductal ligation/transection 91, 164

ovulation 70, 78, 81

oxacillin 294

oxalate nephrosis 28, 511-13, 780

aetiology and pathogenesis 511-12 diagnosis 512-13, 512 treatment and management 513

oxalates 507, 556

Oxalis pes-caprae (sour sob) 323

Oxalobacterformigenes 511-12

oxfendazole 745

oxygen concentrators 148

Oxylobium spp. 323

oxytetracycline 174, 180, 200, 466-7, 491-2, 650, 733, 735, 739, 750, 756

oxytocin 741, 751, 753

Ozimops sp. 391

Pacific harbour seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) 165 pademelons (Thylogale spp.) 201, 205, 309, 346, 726 paediatric history 259-61

template 260

paediatrics 256-71

anaesthesia 262-3, 265

challenges 256

clinical anatomy and physiology 256-9 clinical pathology 262 common presentations 266-8

consultation and clinical consideration 259-63 cross-fostering 270

developmental milestones 261 euthanasia 270-1

pain relief 265 pharmacology and toxicology 262 physical examination and assessment 261-2 preventative medicine 266, 269-70 stabilising the patient 263-6 pale field rat (Rattus tunneyi) 315, 619 pancreatic tumours 309, 313, 315 panfungal PCR and sequence analysis 382 Panicum gilvum 202, 322 panniculitis 204-5, 351-2, 775 pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) 113, 641, 785 pap 258, 495, 504, 513, 523, 532 papilloma 304, 306, 308, 311, 314

papillomatosis 316, 620

see also cutaneous papillomatosis and carcinomatosis in western barred bandicoots

papillomaviruses 26, 28, 31, 201, 205, 428, 430, 468, 640 para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) toxicity 322, 324-5, 574 paracetamol 171, 177, 445, 502-4, 506, 537, 733, 736, 740-1, 744, 749

paracloacal gland carcinoma 311

Paracoccidioides

braziliensis 200, 284, 641

ceti 200, 641

paracoccidiomycosis 200, 632, 641 paramyxoviruses 601 Parantechinus spp., diet 239 parasitaemia 393, 395, 399, 461-2, 463 parasites

definition 41

haemoprotozoan 386-400, 429, 444, 532, 598 and translocations 41

see also cestodes; ectoparasites; endoparasites; helminths; nematodes; trematodes

parasitic diseases 203-4

in bats 602-3

in cetaceans 642

in dasyurids 572-3

in echidnas 447

haemoprotozoan 386-400, 429

in macropods 470-4

zoonotic 278-9, 282, 284-5, 366-7, 473-4, 602-3

see also specific diseases, e.g. neural angiostrongyliasis (NA)

parasitic mites 192-3

parasitic myositis 284

Pa rastrongyl oides

australis 32 trichosuri 31

Paraustrostrongylus sp. 393

Paremelostrongylus spp. 32

parma wallaby (Notamacropus parma) 159, 201, 305, 308-9, 362, 366, 368, 378, 468-9, 473, 475, 477, 665-6, 726 paronychia 410-11

Parsonsia straminea (monkey rope, silk pod) 323 passive immunity 99-100, 259, 265

Pasteurella multocida 469, 484, 652

Pasteurellaecea 573

patagial injuries 157

patagial tumours 310, 314

patagium 138, 154, 157, 161, 604

Patagonian sea-lion (Otaria flavescens) 176-7, 624 pathogens

changes in virulence 336

definition 41

and vectors, changes in exposure to 336

patient selection (surgery) 152

PCR testing 26-32, 188, 201, 206, 282, 292, 356, 359-61, 363, 382, 393, 399, 525, 536, 600

pedal sarcoma 311

pediculosis 193

pelage 154

pelvic fractures 153, 453

pemphigus foliaceus 198

penicillin G 142, 174, 491, 650, 735, 756

penicillins 257, 294

Penicillium

sp. 470

spp. 177

penis 67, 70, 440

pentobarbitone 412, 637, 652

pentosan polysulfate 750

Penu-Dart 128

peptosyl 503-4

per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) 327, 644 peramelid herpesvirus- 1 32, 590

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) 11 perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) 644 perianal tumours 207, 307, 312, 314-15 periapical lucency 223 periocular demodicosis 321 periodontal disease 218-21

dental radiographs 220-1

oral examination and periodontal probing 219-20 treatment 221

see also macropod progressive periodontal disease (MPPD) periodontal probe 219-20, 220 periodontal probing depth 219 periodontal-endodontic lesions 221, 222 periodontitis 219-21 periodontitis-osteomyelitis 485

periodontium 213

perioral trichoepithelioma 300

peritoneal fluid parameters, koala 500-1, 778-9 peritonitis 500-2

permethrin 193

perphenazine enathate 725

persistent deciduous teeth 216

persistent organic pollutants (POPs) 327

personal hygiene practices 274

personal protective equipment (PPE) 137, 274-8, 595, 603

Peruvian fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) 622

pes 424, 469

pesticides 327, 574, 606

Petauralges spp. 33, 192

pethidine 638

phaeochromocytoma 305-7, 313-16

Phalaris

aquatica 322

spp. 322

phalaris toxicity 322

pharmacodynamics 169-70

pharmacokinetics 169-70

absorption 170, 176-7

age effects 262

distribution 177

excretion 179

metabolism 178-9

pharmacology 169-81

Pharurus alatus 642

pharyngitis 516-17 pharyngostomy 160, 160 phascogales (Phascogale spp.)

bufotoxicosis 328

cryptococcosis 377 gastrointestinal tract 232 herpesviruses 363 metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial diseases 353

nematodes 204

neoplasia 300, 306-7

nutrition 240, 246

reproductive biology 76

scrotal ablation 163 toxicoses 324 venipuncture site 721

Phascolarctid alphaherpesvirus 361 phascolarctid herpesviruses 28 phenobarbitone 753 phenytoin 741

phocids 140-1, 143-5, 621-2, 623, 625, 729 biochemistry 701, 703 castration 164

dental formulae 213

emaciation 626

haematology 701-2

venipuncture sites 723

phocine distemper virus (PDV) 624 photosensitisation 202, 775 Physaloptera peramelis 24, 32, 591, 748 physical examination and assessment (paediatric patients) 261-2

key components 262

physical restraint 34, 122-49, 553, 622 physiological alopecia changes 197 physiological data 714-16 pig, gastrointestinal tract 231 pilot whales (Globicephala spp.) 333, 639 pimobendan 572, 747

pindone 324

pinnipeds 621-31

age determination 627 alopecic syndrome 199, 631 anaesthesia 140-5, 729 anatomy and physiology 622 anthropogenic trauma 628 antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 293, 295 biochemistry 623, 698-701, 703 Brucella spp. 284, 625, 631 capture 139-40, 622 cataract surgery 158 chemical restraint 140-2, 145, 622 risk factors 143-4

corneal surgery 158

coxiellosis 625

dental formulae 213 dental problems 216-17 dental record 770 dentition 216 dermatophytosis 195 diagnostic imaging 622-3 drug therapy 623-4, 752-4 entanglement 628, 628 environmental protection 139 fractures 153 gastrointestinal tract 232, 249 Giardia duodenalis 624 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 623, 698, 700-2 heavy metal toxicoses 326 hookworms 326, 624 infectious diseases 624-6 keratitis 629, 784-5 laparoscopy 159 lensectomy 158 mandibular fracture 157 muscle wasting 626 mycobacterial diseases 274-5, 277, 280, 333, 349-51, 354 nematodiasis 624 neoplasia 316 nocardiosis 625 nutrition 244, 249 ophthalmic disease 629-30, 784-5 ophthalmic examination 622, 784 orthopaedics 153 otariids see otariids main entry parasites 141 persistent organic pollutants 327 pharmacological studies 176 phocids see phocids main entry phocine distemper virus (PDV) 624 physical examination 622 physical restraint 139-40, 622 physiological data 716 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 143 presence on beaches and intervention 627-8 pruritis 207 radiotransmitters 165 sedation 142, 729 starvation/exhaustion 626-8

Streptococcus spp. 204 syndromes of uncertain aetiology 630-1 taxonomy 621-2 toxicoses 631 toxoplasmosis 344-5, 624 trauma 628-9 tuberculosis 74, 275, 280, 625 venipuncture sites 722-3 see also fur seals

piperazine citrate 751 Piroplasmida 394

piroplasms 394-400

of Australian native mammals 396-7, 430

diagnosis 399, 399

epidemiology 395

pathogenesis and clinical significance 395, 398-9 transmission 395

treatment and control 399-400

vectors 395

zoonotic potential 400

piroxicam 317, 638, 643, 755

pitfall traps 134-5, 138

Pithomyces chartarum 328

pituitary adenomas 316

plains mouse (Pseudomys australis) 315, 378, 619-20, 694-5 Planctomycetes 248

planigales (Planigale spp.) 234, 306-7, 328, 390, 570, 715 plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) 170, 178, 245 plant toxicoses 321-3, 556, 559, 775

plaque 218-19, 485

plasma protein binding (drugs) 177, 180

plasma transfusion 738

Plasmodium sp. 31, 562

platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) 423-32

acoustic transmitters 165, 431

age determination using spur morphology 424-5 anaemia 398

anaesthesia 124-6, 725

anthropogenic threats 425-6 biochemistry 430, 657-8 body condition assessment 431

capture 123-4, 124

chemical restraint 124-6

coccidiosis 429

conservation status 425-6

conservation translocations 426-7

crural system 423-5

dermatophilosis 428 dermatophytosis 194, 428 diet and nutrient requirements 235-6, 238, 239 digestive physiology 235-6

diseases and infectious agents 427-31

drug therapy 733

encephalomyelitis 430

envenomation 124-5, 424

female reproductive assessment 68

field techniques 432

flood and drought effects 429 gastrointestinal tract 232 haematology 431-2, 657 hospitalisation 431

immunity 100, 102, 104, 106-7

in-stream microchip readers 431

infertility and reproductive failure 66-7 juvenile teeth 212

leptospirosis 282, 428

male reproductive assessment 67

managed care diet 238-9, 431

metabolic rate 234 mucormycosis 199, 334, 426-7, 430 mycobacterial diseases 354 neoplasia 312, 314 neural angiostrongyliasis 366, 368 papillomavirus-like elements 428, 430 parasitic infections 428-9 passive immunity 100 persistent organic pollutants 327 physical restraint 123-4 physiological alopecia 197 physiological data 714 piroplasms 396, 398-9, 430 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125 predation on 429 radiograph 424 reproduction 66-8 sedation 124, 725 spurs 124, 423-5, 424-5 starvation 426, 429-31 trypanosomes 387, 389, 430 ulcerative skin lesions 200 venipuncture sites 720 venom 423-4, 439

Pneumocystis jiroveci 554 sp. 321 pneumonia 321, 381 bandicoots 591 dasyurids and the numbat 572 dolphins 353 dugongs 652 echidnas 460, 461 koalas 511, 535 numbats 311 wombats 269, 554, 558 pneumothorax 269 poisoning, overabundant wildlife 94 pole syringe 128, 139 pole-nooses 547-8 poloxamer gels 467, 492 polyarthritis 517, 554 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 327, 631, 644 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 644 polymixin B 295, 739 polypipe traps 134, 134 ponazuril 462, 737, 743 population health 62 Porphyromonas gingivalis 485 gulae 469, 485 loveana 485

posaconazole 173, 176, 382, 446, 638, 740, 755 possums 562-8

alopecia 197, 198-9 anaesthesia 136, 149, 727 antibacterial-induced dysbiosis 180

antibiotic resistance 292 biochemistry 677-8, 679-80 burn injuries 408, 411, 413 as Buruli ulcer host 283 caecal dysbiosis/stasis syndrome 566 capture 135-6 cestodes 204 chemical restraint 136 chlamydial infections 531 contraception 92-3, 94 cryptococcosis 377, 564 as cryptosporidiosis host 282 cutaneous myiasis 194 dental formulae 213 dental problems 221 dental record 766 diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 31 drug therapy 567-8, 732, 744-5 Echinococcus granulosus vaccination 468 endoparasites 563 environmental dermatoses 197 exudative dermatitis 198-9, 202-3 fleas 193 fluorosis 325 gastrointestinal tract 246 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematology 677, 679 Helicobacter spp. 564 herpesviruses 361 immunity 104, 106, 107 infectious diseases 562-6 juvenile, hand-reared 567 laelaptid mites 191 listeriosis 564, 782 lung worm infection 566 metabolic rate 234 metabolism pathways 178-9, 181 miticides 192 mycobacterial diseases 201, 275, 283, 350, 351-2, 354, 563-4

necrotic tail syndrome 566 neoplasia 162, 308, 311-12 neural angiostrongyliasis 366, 368, 563 nutrition 241, 245-6 otitis externa 207 overabundance 87 papillomaviruses 206 pemphigus foliaceus 198 pharmacological studies 170-2, 177, 179 physical restraint 136 piroplasms 395 plant toxicoses 323 Plasmodium infection 562 pouch dermatitis 200-1 poxvirus infections 205, 565-6 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 136

as Q fever host 277, 281

Queensland tick typhus host 278

renal disease 566

reproductive biology 75

as Ross River virus host 275-6

rump wear 198, 199

as Salmonella host 277, 280

sarcoptic mange 190, 339

sedation 136, 727

swollen paw syndrome 31, 203

tail trauma 566

toxicoses 324

toxoplasmosis 345

trypanosomes 387, 389-91, 394 tularaemia 278, 282, 333, 338, 564 urinalysis 711

venipuncture sites 721

wobbly possum disease 31, 565 post-release monitoring

rehabilitated wildlife 59-60

translocations 21, 35, 46 postoperative care 152-3 potassium chloride 636-7 potato weed (Heliotropeum europaeum) 322 potoroid herpesvirus 26 potoroids 128, 129

antibiotic resistance 292

biochemistry 659-60

haematology 659

managed care diet 238, 242

mycobacterial diseases 350, 352, 354

see also bettongs

potoroos (Potorous spp.)

capture and restraint 128

cryptococcosis 378, 380

glucocorticoid metabolites 117

haematological and biochemical values 659-60 haemoprotozoan parasites 387, 389-90, 395, 397, 399 mycobacteriosis 205, 350, 352 nutrition 234, 238, 242

papillomaviruses 206, 468, 469 piroplasms 395, 397, 399 plant toxicoses 323

Treponema infection 470

xanthomatosis 476

Potorostrongylus woyliei 393

pouch 72-3, 154

changes during oestrus 77

pouch carcinoma 313

pouch checking 78

pouch dermatitis 201

pouch eviction 78

pouch infection and mastitis 78

pouch life milk 259

pouch young (PY) 256

antibiotic use 180

anticoagulant toxin effects 324

cannibalism 78

cataract surgery 158

complementary protective mechanisms 258-9

consideration during capture of free-ranging adults 21, 548-9

euthanasia 270

eviction and neonatal loss 78

fracture repair 153-4

hand-reared, preventative medicine 270

microbial diversity 258

nasogastric tube 264, 265

and non-shivering thermogenesis 263

physical examination and assessment 261-2 povidone iodine 197

poxviruses 26, 31, 205, 427, 448, 468, 469, 565-6, 601, 640 praziquantel 204, 572, 734, 741, 743, 745, 747, 750-1, 753, 757 pre-anaesthetic fasting 124-5, 130, 132, 135-6, 138, 143, 146 predation 429, 502-3, 505, 513-14, 524 prednisolone 303, 445, 517, 537, 741, 756 prednisone 751

pregnancy, marsupials 73-4, 81

preventative health programs, ex situ breeding 24 preventative medicine

bandicoots and bilbies 589

macropods 467-8

paediatric 266, 269-70

wombats 553

private practice veterinarians, role in wildlife rehabilitation

56-8, 63

procaine-benzathine penicillin G 467, 470, 492, 735, 742, 744 progestins, synthetic 91-2

progressive digital necrosis 411, 412 projectile darts 127-9, 139

proparacaine hydrochloride 630, 753 propofol 146, 726, 728-9

Proserpine rock-wallaby (Petrogalepersephone) 33, 87-8, 90,

93, 191, 309, 396

prostate 67, 69

prostatic tumours 307, 313

Proteobacteria 236, 247, 249, 258

Proteus spp. 201, 207, 448, 451

protozoa, for disease risk analysis 26-7, 28-32 protozoal diseases

in bandicoots and bilbies 590-1

in cetaceans 641

dermatological 206

in macropods 472-4

in pinnipeds 624

in possums 562

in wombats 554

zoonotic 278, 282, 284

protozoal rhinitis 473

pruritus 189, 191, 198, 199, 207, 416, 447, 574 Pseudogymnoascus destructans 5, 196, 601-2 Pseudomonas

aeruginosa 200-1, 207, 516

spp. 202, 207, 484, 558, 638, 652

pseudovaginal canal 73

psoroptid mites 192

psychotropic drugs 467

psyllium 741, 747

ptyalism 446, 517

pulmonary tumours 306-7, 309, 310-13, 315

pulse oximetry 127, 142, 263

purple-necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis) 366 Pygiopsylla

hoplia 30, 33

zethi 33

pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps) 642 pygmy-possums (Cercartetus spp.) 74, 135, 323, 721 pyogranulomatous dermatitis 352

pyogranulomatous inflammation (mycobacteriosis) 351

pyogranulomatous panniculitis 775

pyogranulomatous pneumonia 280, 355, 558

pyrantel 750

pyrethrin-based insecticides 194

pyrethroids 193

pyrimethamine 346, 743, 748

pyrrolizidine alkaloid hepatotoxicosis 202, 321-3, 555-6, 559, 775

python nematode (Ophidascaris robertsi) 204

Q fever 6, 273-4, 277, 280-1, 333, 470, 590, 601

qualitative disease risk analysis 41

quarantine 7, 25, 46

Queensland, wildlife rehabilitation 53-6

Queensland tick typhus 278, 281

quokka (Setonix brachyurus)

amyloidosis 477

biochemistry 572, 669-70

blastocystis 474

cryptococcosis 378, 379

cryptosporidiosis 473

developmental milestones 261

diet 242

gastrointestinal tract 230

haematology 572, 669

herpesviruses 201, 360-2

lymph nodes 100

mesenteric fat necrosis 476

metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial infections 205

neoplasia 308-9

overabundance 89

piroplasms 396

poxvirus infections 205

salmonellosis 277, 280, 470

trypanosomes 362, 389

vitamin and mineral requirements 238

quolls (Dasyurus spp.)

acoustic tags 165

biochemistry 572, 683-4

bufotoxicosis 328

capture 134-5

chlamydial infections 531

cryptococcosis 377

dental problems 217

environmental mite dermatitis 191

fleas 193

fur mites 191

gastrointestinal tract 232 glucocorticoid studies 116 haematology 572, 683 idiopathic dermatoses 198

metabolic rate 234

mites 573

mycobacterial diseases 201, 352-5, 573

nematodes 204

neoplasia 207, 306-8

nodular demodicosis 204

nutrition 240, 246-7, 571

papillomavirus infections 206 physical restraint 135 piroplasms 396, 397 reproductive biology 75 reproductive disorders 80 as Salmonella host 280

sarcoptic mange 190

ticks 572

toxicoses 322, 324-5

toxoplasmosis 346

trypanosomes 387, 389-91

rabies 6, 339

rabies vaccination, pre-exposure 137, 275-6, 595, 600, 603 Radfordia spp. 191 radiography

dental 213-14

paediatric patients 269 radiotransmitters 24, 164=5 431, 496, 543-5 ranitidine 445, 462, 754, 756 rapidly-growing mycobacteria (RGM) 349, 352-3, 354 rat lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) 365 rat-bite fever 283

Rattus

conatus 277

spp. 365

red-cheeked dunnart (Sminthopsis virginiae) 328 red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus) 248 red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)

alopecia 195

amoebiasis 474

anaesthesia 131, 726

antibiotic resistance 295

blastocystis 474

bot fly myiasis 472

cervical spinal fracture 474

cryptococcosis 470

as cryptosporidiosis host 278 dermatophytosis 195-6, 279, 285

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 200

excretion 179 fractures 154

Fusobacterium necrophorum in 484 gastrointestinal helminths 470-1 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology and biochemistry 667-8 heavy metal toxicoses 326 hypertrophic osteopathy 474 juveniles, respiratory fatigue 257 leishmaniasis 206 macropod progressive periodontal disease 484, 487, 491 megaoesophagus 475 mesenteric volvulus 475 molar progression 486 mycobacterial diseases 353 nasotracheal intubation 131 neoplasia 300, 302, 305, 308-9 ophthalmic abnormality 474 ophthalmic findings 465-6 otitis 469

overabundance 89 pharmacological studies 174, 177 plant toxicoses 321, 323 pouch young 263 poxvirus 205 starvation following overgrazing 89 surgery 158, 160 surgical sterilisation 91, 164 terbinafine toxicity 328-9 toxoplasmosis 345 urinalysis 712 urolithiasis 238, 476, 477

red-legged pademelon (Thylogale stigmatica) 328 red-necked pademelon (Thylogale thetis) 238, 243 red-necked wallaby (Notamacropus rufogriseus) anaesthesia 131, 726

biochemistry and haematology 465 bot-fly myiasis 472 cervical fracture 156, 474 coccidiosis 473

cryptococcosis 378 dental radiographs of caudal mandibles 220 dermatology 191, 196-7 fluorosis 325, 325

Fusobacterium necrophorum in 484 gastrointestinal foreign body 476 haematology and biochemistry 665-6 hemimandibulectomy 156-7 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 474 immunity 107 leishmaniasis 473 lethal control 94 macropod progressive periodontal disease 484, 486-7 mycobacterial diseases 355 neoplasia 309 neural angiostrongyliasis 366 neuroleptic drugs in 467

onychomycosis 470

overabundance 88 pharmacological studies 170, 174, 466 piroplasms 396, 398

retroviruses 468 rhinosinusitis 470 sedation 130, 725 toxicoses 323, 324 toxoplasmosis 346 urinalysis 712 urolithiasis 245, 477

red-tailed phascogale (Phascogale calura) 77, 104-6, 163, 300, 306-7, 324, 377, 570-1, 721

refractory phalangeal osteomyelitis 153 rehabilitation see wildlife rehabilitation rehabilitation closure, flying-foxes 595, 595 reintroductions 19, 22-3, 28, 34-5, 42 release of rescued wildlife 56-8, 650-1

considerations 61-2

post-release considerations 59-60

pre-release considerations 59

relocation 335, 651

remifentanil 142, 752

remote chemical capture and restraint, macropods 127-9 remote injection devices 128 remote monitoring implants 544

surgical insertion 164-5

renal blood flow 179, 467

renal disease 566

renal function, neonates and juveniles 257

renal papillary necrosis 575

renal tumours 307, 309, 312, 316 reoviruses 469 reproduction 66-81

assessment 66

bandicoots 588-9

dasyurids 571 dugong 648 female marsupials

causes of reduced fecundity and weaning success 77-9 genetic causes of infertility 79 physical examination 72-9 reproductive endocrinology evaluation 81

female monotremes, reproductive assessment 67-8 female sterilisation 91, 164 greater bilby 588-9 male marsupials

physical examination 69-70

reproductive endocrinology evaluation 81 spermatozoa 70-2

male monotremes

reproductive assessment 67

reproductive endocrinology evaluation 81 male sterilisation 91, 162-4 nutrition effects 78-9 platypuses 66-8 short-beaked echidna 66-8, 438

Tasmanian devil 571 reproductive disorders 79-80 reproductive endocrinology 80-1 reproductive failure 72, 77-9, 81 reproductive senescence 79 reproductive surgery 162-4 rescue and rehabilitation see wildlife rehabilitation resection and anastomosis 160 respiratory disease, paediatric patients 268-9 respiratory system, paediatric patients 256-7 restraint see chemical restraint/chemical restraint agents;

physical restraint restraint boards 140 reticulum cell sarcoma 313 retroviruses 468, 601, 618 see also koala retrovirus (KoRV) rhabdomyoma 304 rhabdomyosarcoma 307, 311, 315 rhabdoviruses 469, 599 rhinitis-pneumonia 535 rhinosinusitis 470 Rhododendron spp. 323 Rickettsia

australis 278

sp. 620

tasmanensis 573 rifabutin 205, 355, 746 rifampicin 295, 626, 752, 755 ringworm 279 Riouxgolvania beveridgei 204, 603 risk assessment

emerging diseases 340

translocations 44-5

Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) 317, 344-5, 643 rock-wallabies see macropods; specific rock-wallabies, e.g.

Proserpine rock-wallaby rodenticides 324, 606 rodents 618-20

anaesthesia 138-9, 149, 728 antimicrobial resistance 292 biochemistry 694-5, 696-7 brucellosis 619

Capillaria infection 619, 783 capture 138 cataracts 620

chemical restraint 138-9

cryptococcosis 334, 376, 378, 619, 783 cryptosporidiosis 282, 619 dental formulae 213

diabetes mellitus 620 drug therapy 750-1 environmental mite dermatitis 191 fur mites 191 glucocorticoid studies 117 haematology 694, 696 as host for emerging disease 337 infectious diseases 618-20

Iaelaptid mites 192

as leptospirosis host 278, 281

leukaemia 620

listeriosis 619

miticides 192

mycobacterial diseases 350-2, 354 neoplasia 207, 313, 314, 315 neural angiostrongyliasis 365 nutrition 243, 248-9, 265 pharmacological studies 170 physical restraint 138 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 138 as Q fever host 273, 277, 333 Queensland tick typhus 278 as rat-bite fever host 283

retroviruses 618

Rickettsia 620

as scrub typhus host 277, 281

sedation 138, 728 species-specific antibodies 104-5 Streptobacillus moniliformis 204 toxoplasmosis 346, 619-20 trypanosomes 390-1 Tyzzers disease 618-19 venipuncture sites 722

‘rodeo method’ of capture 147, 147

Romanowsky stain 381

ropivacaine 132, 736

Ross River virus 90, 275-6

Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) 622, 624-5, 701 Rothschild’s rock-wallaby (Petrogale rothschildi) 179 rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) 636 round cell sarcoma 312-13 round cell tumours 307

rufous bettong (Aepyprymnus rufescens) 191, 234, 238, 242,

308-9, 355, 362, 366, 726

rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus) 309 rufous-bellied pademelon (Thylogale billiarderii) 309, 346 Rugopharynx rosemariae 27 rump wear 198-9

sacral plate 154 salivary gland adenocarcinoma 311 Salmonella 470

arizona 447 bovis-morbificans 447 chester 447

cross-infection risk 280

dublin 447

enterica 277, 280 freemantle 30 havana 447

javiana 280

meunchen 573

mississippi 30, 280

orion 447

potsdam 30

saint-paul 447

spp. 26, 30, 32, 280, 451, 601, 651

antibiotic resistance 295

typhi, fluoroquinolone-resistant 291 typhimurium 447, 461

Zanzibar 447

salmonellosis 6, 277, 280, 431, 447, 470

sandstone pseudantechinus (Pseudantechinus bilarni) 307 saponin toxicity 6, 322

Sarcocystis

mucosa 30

sp. 393

spp. 590

sarcoma 300, 300, 305-7, 309, 311-13, 315 sarcomatosis 312

Sarcoptes scabiei 27-9, 33, 190-1, 334, 337, 362, 555-7, 591, 782 var. wombati 279

sarcoptic mange/scabies 190-2, 190, 279, 285, 310, 334-7, 339, 362, 555, 557-8, 782

sarcoptid mites 190-1, 285, 572-3

sarolaner 192

SARS-CoV-2 6, 11, 335, 594, 601, see also severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Satanicoptes armatus 190, 572

satiation 231

sausage nets 140, 141

Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (STDP) 584-5

scabies see sarcoptic mange/scabies

scaling 189-99

scaly-tailed possum (Wyulda squamicaudata) 323 scent glands 70, 439

Schoutedenichia emphyla 33

Schwann cells 578-9 schwannoma 306, 310 screw-worm fly 6 scrotal ablation 162-3, 163 scrub typhus 277, 281 seagrass 648-9, 653 ‘seal finger’ 283 seal restraint nets 142 sebaceous adenoma 300, 306, 310, 312, 315 secondary bacterial infections 201

cutaneous 196-7

secondary yeast infections 203

sedation

bandicoots 137, 728

bats 138, 728

bilbies 137, 728

burns patients 415-17

cetaceans 146, 729

conservation translocation 34-5

dasyurids 135, 727 dingoes 139, 728 echidnas 126, 725 gliders 136, 727 koalas 132, 726 macropods 127, 129-30, 725-6

numbats 135, 727

pinnipeds 142, 729

platypuses 124, 725 possums 136, 727 rodents 138, 728

wombats 134, 727

seine nets 145

selamectin 192-4, 572, 734, 737, 743, 745, 747-8, 751, 757 semelparity 571

semen collection 67, 71, 81

seminal characteristics 67, 71-2

seminal plugs 71

seminal vesicles 69

seminoma 309, 316

Senecio jacobeae (ragwort) 323

Sentinel Surveillance Program 11-12 sepsis 264

septicaemia 448, 461

serine protease inhibitor 536

serosal malignancies of koala 303

Serratia

marscesens 652

odorifera 558

Sertoli cell tumours 312

serum-virus neutralisation testing 363

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 99, 335, 594, 601 sevoflurane 124, 126, 130, 133-6, 138, 142, 146, 725-9 sex, and macropod progressive periodontal disease 486 sex chromosome abnormalities 72

sex cord stromal tumour 312

Shark Bay mouse (Pseudomysfieldi) 390

shark nets 644

sheep, gastrointestinal tract 230 shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) 470

Shigella spp. 651

shooting control programs 94-5

short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) 204, 327, 333, 639, 642, 644

short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) 435-53 adipose tissue 436

alopecia 197, 198, 449, 453

anaesthesia 126-7, 725

anatomy and physiology 435-40 anti-inflammatory drugs 445

antibiotics in 444-5

antiprotozoal drugs 445

beak trauma 436, 453 biochemistry 441, 444, 657-8 blepharoconjunctivitis 449 blood transfusions 445-6

body condition assessment 439, 442-3, 442 bodyweight 442-3

botryomycosis 204, 447

breeding 440-1

bronchopneumonia 447

burns 404, 450

capture 126

cardiopulmonary system 436 cataracts 449 central nervous system 437 chemical restraint 126-7 chromosome system 440 clinical pathology 442, 444 clitoris 440 coccidiosis 446, 457-63, 777 crural system 439 cryptococcosis 377, 448 crytosporidiosis 448 dermatophytosis 196, 448 diarrhoea 445, 451, 460 diet and nutrient requirements 235-7, 239 digestive physiology 235-6 diseases 446-53 drug therapy 443-6, 463, 733-4 faecal scoring guide 443 failure to thrive, hand-reared echidnas 451-2 feeding orphan 266 female reproductive assessment 67-8 foot pad dermatitis 449 fractures 153, 453 gastric aspiration 443, 443, 776 gastric impaction 449 gastrointestinal medications 445 gastrointestinal tract 232, 435-7, 439, 443 glucocorticoid studies 115, 116 haematology 441, 444, 657 hand-rearing 236, 451-2 herpesviruses 360, 448 hibernation 440, 443 hyperthermia 450 hypervitaminosis D 449 immunity 100, 107 infectious disease 447-8, 452 infertility and reproductive failure 66-7 integument 437 keratoconjunctivitis 449 male reproductive assessment 67, 68 managed care diet 236, 239 metabolic rate 234, 438 milk 236 miticides 192 musculoskeletal traits 436 mycobacterial diseases 351, 353-4, 447 mycotic dermatitis 445-6, 448 mycotic stomatitis 445-6, 451 neoplasia 161, 312, 314, 453 non-infectious diseases 449-50, 452-3 ocular structure 437 oral cytology 776 orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis 197-8, 449, 453 papillomaviruses 206 parasitic infections 447 penis 440 physical examination and diagnostics 441-3

physical restraint 126 physiological data 714 piroplasms 396, 398 pneumonia 461

poxvirus infections 205, 448 pre-anaesthetic fasting 125, 126 ptyalism 446

puggles, age determination 451-2 radiographs 439

renal system 437 reproduction 66-8, 438, 440-1 reproductive endocrinology 80 salmonellosis 447

scent glands 439 sedation 126, 725 septicaemia 448, 461 sex determination 440 skin erythema 450 sparganosis 161, 204, 447 spurs 439, 440 taxonomy, distribution and status 435 thermoregulation 440 tick dermatitis 194

tongue examination 443 torpor 440, 443 toxicity 236, 239 toxoplasmosis 448 transfaunation 236, 444-5, 451-2 trauma 452-3

trypanosomes 391, 394 ulcerative gastritis 445-6, 461 urinalysis 444, 711 urogenital system 438 venipuncture sites 720 venom 439

weaning 441, 452

shoulder dysplasia 515

shoulder tumours 315 sialorrhea 517 silver gulls (Chroococephalus novaehollandiae) 295 silver sulfadiazine 197, 201, 414, 449

Simulium ornatipes 194

skeletal muscle tumours 306

skin, neonates and juveniles 258

skin abrasions and wounds 201-2

skin biopsies 188, 195, 199-200, 203

skin cytology 203

skin diseases 186

clinical examination 186-7

diagnostic testing 187-9

history 186

paediatric patients 267

see also dermatology

skin lesions

comparative frequency 187 deeper, tests and sampling methods 188 surface, tests and sampling methods 188

skin samples

adhesive tape impressions evaluation 187-9 evaluation 187-8

skin scrapings 188, 192

skin surface microbiota 187-8

slow-growing mycobacteria (SGM) 349, 352, 354 smalltooth cookiecutter shark (Isistius brasiliensis) 158 smoke inhalation 408

sodium chloride ophthalmic solution 754

sodium cyanide 322, 574

sodium fluoroacetate (1080) 94, 179, 322-5, 556, 574 soft-tissue sarcoma 300, 307, 309-11, 310, 313-16 soil 507

South American sea lion (Otaria byronia) 622, 626 southern bent-winged bat (Miniopterus orianae bassanii) 204-5, 327, 602-3

southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) 23, 32, 116, 165, 190, 206, 313, 324-5, 333, 345, 361, 389, 396, 589-91, 687-8

southern common cuscus (Phalanger mimicus) 241 southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) 216, 316, 621-2, 625, 626, 702-3, 729

southern greater glider (Petauroides volans) 677-8

southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) 155, 553 alopecia 202, 559

anaesthesia 727

capture 133

data loggers 165

dental disease 559

fractures 153

glucocorticoid metabolites 116 haematological and biochemical values 673-4 metabolism 178

neoplasia 300, 310

neural angiostrongylosis 366, 369

nutrition 234, 241

pharmacological studies 175, 177 photosensitisation 202, 775 reproduction 69, 71, 76, 80 reproductive disorders 80 sarcoptic mange/scabies 279, 285, 334-5, 339, 557 sarcoptid mites 190

skin lesions 9

thermoregulation 552

toxicoses 321, 323, 328, 559

southern long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) 116, 312-13, 590, 591

southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) 117 sparganosis 161, 204, 447 spectacled flying-fox (Petrogale conspicillatus) 117, 276, 314,

333, 345, 594, 599, 605, 611-12, 689-90, 713 congenital defects 606-7, 606

spectacled hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes conspicillatus) 179, 378 sperm abnormalities 72

sperm morphology and concentration 70-1, 72

sperm motility 72

sperm production 70-2

sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) 327 spermatorrhoea 67, 71, 81 spermatozoa

cryopreservation 571 marsupials 69, 70-2 monotremes 67

spillover role in emerging disease 337, 612-14 spinal anaesthesia, macropods 467 spindle-cell tumours 304, 306, 313 spinifex hopping-mouse (Notomys alexis) 204, 207, 283, 314-15, 352, 378, 618-20, 694-5, 783

spinosad 192, 572, 747, 757

Spirometra

emaceieuropaei 447

erinacei 204

spleen 100-1, 438 splenic tumours 306-7, 309, 314 spondylosis 555 sporidesmin toxicity 328 sporozoites 343-4 spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) 80, 190-1, 198, 204-5, 240, 247, 306-7, 322, 325, 352-3, 355, 389, 531, 571, 573, 683-4, 746

Sprattiella alecto 602

spurs 124, 423-5, 424-5, 439-40 squamous carcinoma-in-situ 308 squamous cell carcinoma 202, 206-7, 299, 300, 305, 307, 309, 311-12, 314-15, 317, 643

squeeze cages 136,140

squeeze tape impression 188 squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) 207, 310-11, 531, 727 squirrelpox virus 41

Staphylococcus

aureus 31, 447 cohnii 293 epidermidis 293 flueretti 293 sapropyticus 293 sciuri 190

spp. 174, 187, 196, 201-2, 204, 448 antibiotic resistance 291, 293-5 β-haemolytic 447

succinus 293

warneri 293, 295

starvation 247

after bushfire 405, 410

from overgrazing/browsing 89

Stellar sea-lion (Eumetopias jubatus) 165 stem cell therapy, cetaceans 638

Stenurus ovatus 642

Stephanocircus daysuri 33

steroid metabolism, and stress 114-15 steroidal saponin toxicity 6, 322 stick-nest rats 117, 243, 249, 314-15, 378, 619-20, 696-7 stomatitis 445, 446

stranded cetaceans 636-7 stranded dugong 650-2

Streptobacillus moniliformis 204, 283

Streptococcus

agalactiae 641

group F, antibiotic resistance 294

iniae 641

phocae 204

spp. 174, 202, 448

stress 112-14, 204, 508

and alopecia 197

and Hendra virus 613

and macropod progressive periodontal disease 486 non-invasive measures 115-17 stress physiology 112-13

autonomic nervous system 113

immune system 114

monitoring, translocations 20, 21

neuroendocrine system 113-14

stressors, echidnas 463 stripe-faced dunnart (Sminthopsis macroura) 73-5, 77-8, 106,

327

striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) 378 striped possum (Dactylopsila trivigata) 246, 677-8 stromal tumours 309

Strongyloides

speari 29

spp. 27, 34, 467, 471

strychnine 94

stunning 133

sub-adults see paediatrics subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) 316, 350, 621,

625, 629-30

subcutaneous absorption (drugs) 177 subcutaneous tumours 299-301, 307, 311-12, 314-15 submandibular tumours 307

sucking lice 193 sucralfate 445, 462 sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) 70, 80, 113, 117, 161-4, 206-7,

234, 241, 245-6, 310, 311, 377, 411, 562-3, 677-8 sulfachloropyrizidine 462 sulfadiazine 346, 743, 748 sulfonamides 200, 257, 294, 346, 513 ‘superbugs’ 291, 295 supernumerary roots 217 supranumerary teeth 215 surgery 152

abdominal 159-61

craniofacial 156-7

insertion of remote monitoring implants 164-5 ophthalmic 157-8

orthopaedic 153-6

patient selection 152

postoperative care 152-3

reproductive 162-4

soft tissues 157-62

unique anatomy considerations 153, 154

surveillance see disease surveillance

sustained silver-releasing dressings 414

swamp rat (Rattus Iutreolus) 282, 365

swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) 88-9, 190-1, 205, 242, 300,

305, 308-9, 323, 325, 361, 366, 378, 389, 390-1, 396, 398, 468, 471-3, 475, 726

oral examination 214

sweet grass (Panicum gilvum) 322

swollen paw syndrome 31, 203

systemic coccidiosis 460-1

T lymphocytes 102, 106

T-cell receptors 99, 103, 108

T-piece 125

Tachynema spp. 447

tachyzoites 343-4

Taenia

hydatigena 743

serialis 204

tail 154

tail amputation 156

tail fractures 268

tail sarcoma 311

tail trauma 566, 589

tammar wallaby (Notamacropus eugenii) 21 antibiotic-resistance bacteria in 293-4 antimicrobial studies 467 contraception 92-3 cryptococcosis 378 cryptosporidiosis 473 cyanide toxicity 324 developmental milestones 261 Echinococcus granulosus vaccination 468, 471 Fusobacterium necrophorum in 484 GIT commensal microorganisms 258 glucocorticoid studies 114, 117 haematological and biochemical values 262, 665-6 immunity 99-102, 104, 106-7 lung development 257

macropod progressive periodontal disease 489, 491 metabolism 178

mycobacterial diseases 352

neoplasia 308

neural angiostrongyliasis 366

nutrition 234, 238, 242

ophthalmic surgery 157 orbiviruses 333, 469 pharmacological studies 170, 174, 466 -7 pouch young gut 258 poxvirus infection 205

reintroductions 22

reproductive biology 75

retroviruses 468

semen collection 71

sudden death syndrome 333, 338

tetanus vaccination 468

toxoplasmosis vaccine 346 translocation 90

trypanosomes 389

ulcerative cloacitis 362

urolithiasis 245, 476-7 tarsorrhaphy 157 Tasmanema spp. 447 Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) 570

acoustic tags 165 anaesthesia 727 assisted colonisation 22 atrioventricular block 574, 575 biochemistry 571, 580, 681-2 bradyarrhythmia 572, 574 bufotoxicosis 328 capture and restraint 134-5 cardiac disease 572, 574, 575, 783 cloacitis 574-5, 783 cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma 198 cutaneous lymphoma 206 cutaneous lymphosarcoma 300-1 degenerative joint disease 572-4 dental formulae 213 dental problems 222 drug therapy 572 epithelioma 300

facial tumour disease see devil facial tumour disease (DFTD)

flea control 193

gastrointestinal tract 232 glucocorticoid studies 21, 115-16 gut microbiome 247 haematology 24, 571, 580, 681 heavy metal toxicoses 326 herpesviruses 360-1, 573 hyperparathyroidism 574 idiopathic dermatoses 198 immunity 101-2, 106-7, 579, 583-4 incompatibility 79 invertebral disc disease 574 leptospirosis 282, 573 leucoencephalopathy 573-4 male reproductive assessment 69 mammary carcinoma 161, 302 metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial diseases 201, 205, 351-5, 573, 775 myelopathy 573-4

neoplasia 161, 198, 206-7, 300, 302-7 neural angiostrongyliasis 366 nutrition 240, 247, 571 oestrus behaviour 77 oral examination 219 oral surgery 214

paediatric hepatic function 257 panniculitis 205 papillomavirus infections 206 parasites 572-3

Pasteurellaecea bacteria 573 pharmacological studies 170, 175 physical restraint 135

physiological alopecia 197 piroplasms 395-6 population management 584-5 reproduction 571 reproductive biology 76 rickettsia 573

Salmonella spp. 280, 573

sarcoptic mange 190

squamous cell carcinoma 300

toxicities 322

toxicoses 322, 325

trypanosomes 387-8, 391

ulcerative skin lesions 200

vaccine against DFTD 583-4

Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii) 88, 94, 205, 324

Tasmanian tiger (Thylacinus cynocephalus) 570

tawny frogmouth (Podargus strigoides) 367

taxine 323

Taxus baccata (yew) 323

teat numbers 72

Telemachus spp. 191

telemetry devices 21, 24, 60, 164-5, 543-5, 545

injuries associated with 24, 544, 545

1080 poisoning 94, 179, 322-5, 556, 574

Tenericutes 241, 248

teratoma 305, 309, 314

terbinafine 170, 194, 196, 328-9, 736, 740, 748, 755

termite mound dirt 507

termites 236, 247

testes 67, 68, 69

testicular asymmetry and hypoplasia 517

testicular fibroma 311

testosterone 81, 93, 113

tetanus vaccination, macropods 468

tetracyclines 179, 200, 257, 294

Thadeua

greeni 191

serrata 191

spp. 27, 191

Theileria

apogeana 396

brachyuri 27, 396

fuliginosa 27, 396

gilberti 27, 395-6, 399

lupei 396

ornithorhynchi 396, 398, 399, 426, 429

paparinii-like 37

penicillata 27, 395, 397, 477

peramelis 395, 398

sp. 393, 395, 397, 399

spp. 27, 362, 395, 430

tachyglossi 396, 398

Worthingtonorum 397

therapeutic drugs 169

antibacterial-induced dysbiosis 179-80, 508-10, 536, 650,

781

factors influencing pharmacokinetic profiles 170-9

general recommendations 180-1 pharmacokinetics and phamacodynamics 169-70 species effect on laboratory methods 180 see also specific types, e.g. antiparasitic drugs thermal respiratory injury 408-9 thermoregulation

bandicoots 588

echidnas 440

koalas 496

wombats 552

thiamine supplementation 249

Thomas trap 129 thoracic tumours 309, 311 thymic lymphosarcoma 315 thymoma 314, 315 thymus 100, 438 thyroid glands 438 thyroid tumours 305-9, 313-16 ticarcillin 294-5 tick paralysis 605-6 tick-borne diseases 394-400, 429 ticks 194, 278, 388, 447, 555, 572, 591 tigilanol tiglate 582 tiletamine/zolazepam (TZ) 132-3, 142, 622, 651, 725-9 tolfenamic acid 506, 736, 741-2, 745 toll-like receptors 99, 101, 108 toltrazuril 445, 462-3, 734, 737, 743, 748 tonsillitis 516-17

tooth abrasion/wear 221, 223-4

tooth extractions 223, 224-5

list of indications 224-5

postoperative analgesia 225

regional anaesthesia 225

techniques 225

tooth fractures

leading to pulp exposure 221, 222, 223

treatment options 224 tooth resorption 224 torpor 440

Torresian striped possum (Dactylopsila trivirgata) 377 toxic agents, vertebrate 322-5, 574 toxicology, age effects 262

toxicoses 321-9

bats 605-6

biotoxins 328, 643-4

cetaceans 326-7, 643-4

dasyurids 574-5

dugongs 653

echidnas 236,239

fluorosis 325-6

heavy metals 325-6, 644

persistent organic pollutants 327, 606, 644 pinnipeds 631

plant 321-2, 323, 556, 775

sporidesmin 328

vertebrate toxic agents 322-5

veterinary drugs 328-9

wombats 556, 559, 775

Toxocara pteropodis 750

Toxoplasma gondii 26, 29-32, 46, 48-50, 266, 284, 334, 335, 337, 339, 343-6, 448, 469, 473, 590, 602, 619-20, 624, 640 definitive hosts 343, 346

impact on free-ranging populations 346 intermediate hosts 343-4

life cycle 343-4

risk factors 344

vaccine 346

toxoplasmosis 266, 284, 336, 337, 339, 343-6, 448, 476, 554, 590, 602, 619-20, 624, 652, 653 aetiology 343 clinical findings 344-5

diagnosis 345 epidemiology 343-4 implications for the conservation of free-ranging populations 346

pathology 345

prevention 346 treatment 346

tracheitis 472

Tracheomyia macropi 472

tracheostomy 162, 163

tracking devices 21, 24, 59, 164-5, 543-5, 545

tramadol 173, 176, 445, 506, 630, 638, 733, 736, 740, 742, 744, 746, 748-9, 751-2, 755

transfaunation 237

bats 248

dugongs 250 echidnas 236, 444-5, 451-2 koalas 495, 507-8 possums 246, 567

transitional cell carcinoma 311

translocations 90, 130, 539 conservation 19-35, 39 disease risk analysis 39-50 and parasites 41

transponder-associated neoplasia

in dunnarts 306-7

in gliders 299-300, 305-6, 308, 310, 310

in greater bilby 306

in koalas 306

microscopic section 775

in phascogales 306 prevention 308 treatment 306, 308

traps 123

cage 128, 129, 133, 135, 138-9 camera 547, 548

double 549

drawstring 128

Elliot 134-5, 138 enclosure 128 harp 137, 137 for koalas 547, 547 leg-hold 139

pitfall 134-5, 138

polypipe 134, 134

Thomas 129

trauma

bushfire-affected wildlife 404-18

cetaceans 635

echidnas 452-3

flying-foxes 604-5

koalas 502-3, 505, 513-14

and macropod progressive periodontal disease 485 paediatric patients 268

pinnipeds 628-9

possums 566

wombats 555 trazadone 127, 130, 467, 726, 738, 741, 757 tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus spp.)

biochemistry 661-2

diet 238, 242

diseases 468

haematology 661

herpesviruses 360, 362

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 474 hypoaldosteronism 477

metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial diseases 205, 354

neoplasia 308-9

physiological data 715

reproductive biology 71, 76

urinalysis 712

urolithiasis 477

trematodes 428, 572, 642, 652 Treponema spp. 26, 470 Trichinella pseudospiralis 30-1 trichoblastoma 313, 314 trichoepithelioma 207, 304, 306, 308, 313 trichograms 188, 195 tricholemmoma 300, 310 Trichomonas spp. 651

Trichophyton

mentagrophytes 195, 279, 285, 428

var. nodulare 195

spp. 195

verrucosum 195

trichostrongyloides 447 Trichosurolaelaps crassipes 31, 191, 202 trimethoprim 294-5, 346 trimethoprim-sulfadiazine 735, 739, 756 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 355, 462, 739, 744, 746 trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMS) 294, 444, 462, 511, 641,

733, 742, 748-50, 755 triterpenoids 323 trombiculid mites 191, 620 tropical rat mites 192 Trubanaman virus 275 Trypanosoma

avium 390

binneyi 389, 426, 429, 430

copemani 27-8, 30, 34, 386, 387, 388-9, 392-4

cruzi 386, 391, 393-4

cyclops 391

dionisii 388, 391, 394

evansi 391, 394

gilletti 28, 386, 389, 392

hipposideri 390

irwini 28, 386, 389, 392

lewisi 388, 391-2, 394

noyesi 27, 386, 390, 392, 394

pteropi 390

sp. 390, 393

spp. 27, 29, 32, 34, 334, 387, 391, 399, 477, 532

Ieixeirae 386, 387, 390, 393, 602

thylacis 390

vegrandis 27-8, 34, 386, 389, 392-3, 602

trypanosomes 386, 554, 602

biosecurity concerns 394

diagnosis 393-4 epidemiology 387-8 genetic diversity 386-7 morphology 386 in native Australian mammals 389-91, 430 pathogenesis and clinical significance 388, 392-4 transmission dynamics 388 treatment and control 394

vectors 388

zoonotic potential 394

tuberculous mycobacteriosis 274-7, 280, 335, 349-50, 355, 625 serologic tests 625

in terrestrial Australian mammals 355

tularaemia 6, 278, 282, 333, 335, 338

tulathromycin 735

tumour necrosis factor (TNF) 102, 532

tylosin 750

typhlocolitis 161, 508

see also caeco-colic dysbiosis/typhlocolitis syndrome (CDTS)

Tyzzer’s disease 554, 618-19

ulcerative cloacitis 362, 572, 574, 783

ulcerative dermatitis 199-203, 350-2

ulcerative gastritis 446, 451, 461 ultrasonography 67-70, 73-4, 354, 466, 535=6 636, 642 Uncinaria

sanguinis 124, 326

sp. 624

unerupted teeth 215-16

unfurred orphans, cross-fostering 270

urethritis 534

urinalysis 444, 497, 711-14

urinary bladder tumours 306

urinary incontinence, koalas 496, 534, 535

urine flow rates 179

urogenital tract 154

urogenital and urinary cytology 74

urolithiasis 245, 476-7

Uromys caudimaculatus 277

Uropsylla

spp. 573

tasmanica 30, 193

uterine tumours 307, 311-12, 316

vaccines/vaccinations

Bordetella bronchiseptica 33

chlamydia 33, 538, 549

clostridial 33, 269, 738

devil facial tumour disease 583-4 encephalomyocarditis virus 33 Hendra virus 610, 614 hydatids 33, 471

macropod progressive periodontal disease 492

paediatric patients 270

personnel 137, 274

tetanus 468

toxoplasmosis 346

vaginal complex 73

vaginal squamous cell carcinoma 312

vancomycin 292, 755 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) 102, 291, 295 vasectomy 91, 164

venipuncture sites 598-9, 650, 720-3 venom

echidna 439

platypus 423-4, 438

vertebral fractures 155-6

vertebrate pest control 323 vertebrate toxic agents (VTA) 322-5, 574

impact on non-target species 322-4

Vespadelus sp. 602 veterinarians

Antimicrobial Stewardship guidelines for 296

and Australia’s biosecurity system 8-9

further assistance, reporting and obligations 9-10 support for to undertake investigations through NSDIP 9

private practice, role in wildlife rehabilitation 56-7, 63 role in wildlife emergency response in bushfires 406-7 role in wildlife rehabilitation 56-7, 62-3

VHF collars 21, 24, 543

Vibrio

metaschikovii 652

spp. 652

vimentin 580

vincristine 170, 175, 581-2, 747

viral diseases

bandicoots and bilbies 589-90

bats 599-601

cetaceans 638-40

dermatological 201, 205-6

macropods 468-9

pinnipeds 624

possums 565-6

wombats 554

zoonotic 137, 205, 274-6, 599-601, 610-14 viruses, for disease risk analysis 26, 28-32 visceral mycobacteriosis 351 vitamin B complex 745 vitamin C 416

vitamin E 35, 78, 238, 745

vitamin K 324, 606

vitamin K₁ 734, 738, 745, 750 vitamins

bat diet 248

dugong diet 250

glider and possum diet 245

macropod diet 238 monotreme diet 236 pinniped diet 249 volar hyperkeratosis 198 volvulus 159-60, 160, 475-6, 642, 652, 653 vombatid herpesviruses 29, 554 voriconazole 382, 470, 638, 755

wallabies see macropods

‘wallaby retrovirus’ 468

Wallal and Warrego serogroup orbiviruses 26, 333, 338 wallaroos 33, 179, 205, 206, 308-9, 366, 368, 468, 667-8 warfarin 171, 324 wasted resources 62

water rat (Hydromys chrysogaster) 200, 313-15, 346, 366, 391, 618

Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) 117, 622-5, 701, 729 welfare

bushfire-affected wildlife 405-6

conservation translocations 19-24

and nutrition 231-5

overabundant populations 95-6

see also euthanasia

west Nile virus 5, 336

western barred bandicoot (Perameles bougainville) 24, 29, 32, 206, 300, 313, 531, 588, 590-1, 685-6

cutaneous papillomatosis and carcinomatosis 41, 300, 309, 333, 589, 590

western broad-nosed bat (Scotorepens balstoni) 391 western brush wallaby (Notamacropus irma) 353 western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuligonosus)

amyloidosis 477

anaesthesia 726

blastocystis 474

contraception 92

Coxiella burnetii in 470

cryptosporidiosis 473

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 200

glucocorticoid metabolites 117

haematological and biochemical values 667-8 helminths 27

herpesviruses 360

hypertension 474

intraoral radiograph 216

macropod progressive periodontal disease 487

mesenteric volvulus 475

mycobacterial diseases 352

neoplasia 207, 309

neosporosis 473

neural angiostrongyliasis 366, 369

ophthalmic findings 465, 466 overabundance 89

piroplasms 396

plant toxicoses 322, 323

poxviruses 205, 468

protozoal rhinitis 473

reproductive biology 75

Salmonella shedding 470

semen collection 71

shooting control programs 95

starvation following overgrazing 89 surgery 160

toxoplasmosis 346

trypanosomes 389 urolithiasis 477

western long-eared bat (Nyctophilus major) 391

western pygmy-possum (Cercatetus concinnus) 311

western quoll (Dasyurus geoffroii) 24, 116, 206, 217, 307, 324, 387, 389-91, 683-4

western ring-tailed possum (Pseudocheirus occidentals) 35, 246, 677-8

WHA Coordinator 3, 9-11

WHA Coordinator Group and Environment Represenativies

11

whales see cetaceans

whip-tailed wallaby (Notamacropus parryi) 309, 476 White-footed dunnart (Sminthopsis leucopus) 191 white-nose syndrome 5, 9, 11, 195, 335, 339, 601-2 white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) 159 Wild Animal Response Strategy 13-14 wild animals, definition 4 wild dogs

control 323-5

as hydatid disease host 278, 282 wild tobacco bush (Solanum mauritianum) 606 wildlife

definition 4

and EAD response 13

wildlife carers 55-6

wildlife emergencies, and natural hazards 13-14 wildlife health

definition 4

education in 14

how it fits into biosecurity system 8

importance of 6

Wildlife Health Australia 6, 8, 13-14, 296, 418

Bat Health Focus Group 600-1

Coordinator see WHA Coordinator

National Wildlife Biosecurity Guideline 8 resources 15

Wildlife Health Framework (WOAH) 14 wildlife health in Australia 3-16

and biosecurity system 6-10

capacity building and international activities 14 definitions and acronyms 3-5 diagnostic approaches 10 education and training 14 legislation and regulation 14-15 preparedness and response 12-14 resources 15-16

surveillance 10-12

wildlife health surveillance in Australia 7, 10-12, 42, 60, 340, 600 conceptual model 12 goals 11

national programs 11-12

objectives and activities 11

wildlife hospitals 11, 57-8

wildlife hosts

of pathogens of domestic animals 6, 335

of zoonotic diseases 6, 273, 275-85, 333, 335, 338, 343-4, 346, 594-5, 601, 610-14

wildlife rehabilitation 53-63

bats 595, 595

benefits and risks 60-2

cetaceans 642

decision tree for assessment in clinics 58

decision tree for rescue, rehabilitation or release 59 definition and goals 53-4

dugongs 649-51

effectiveness 53

legislation and regulation 54-5

methods 55-8

pinnipeds 628

process 58-9

Queensland 53, 54-6

and release 56-60, 61-2 veterinarian role 56-8, 62-3 wildlife carers role 55-6 wildlife hospitals 57-8 wire-mesh cage traps 135 wireless identification (WID) ear tags 544 wobbly possum disease (WPD) 31, 565 wombats 551-9

acute abdomen 555

adiaspiromycosis 554

anaesthesia 134, 727

anthelmintic trials 170

biochemistry 673-4, 675-6

biology 551

capture 133-4, 553

cardiac disease 555

chemical restraint 134

coccidiosis 554

commissurotomy 156, 559 conditioning 553 copper poisoning 326

cryptococcosis 377

cryptosporidiosis 554

cutaneous tumours 300

degenerative joint disease 555

dental formula 213, 552

dental problems 156, 218, 555, 558-9

dental record 763

diagnostic work-up and supportive care 553, 557 digestive system 552 diseases 554-6, 557-9

diseases to consider for disease risk analysis in translocations 29

distribution and conservation status 551-2

drug therapy 742-3

dry scaly skin 198 dwarfism 559, 559 fleas 555

gastrointestinal tract 230 glucocorticoid studies 116 gut microbiome 245 haematology 673, 675 hand-rearing 553, 559 helminths 170, 555 herpesviruses 29, 360-2, 554 hyperostotic bone disease 559 hypervitaminosis D 328, 556 juvenile 258

Leptospira antibodies 282

lice 555

male reproductive assessment 69, 70 metabolic bone disease 553, 555 metabolic rate 234

mycobacterial diseases 354 neoplasia 299-300, 310, 555 neural angiostrongyliasis 366, 369 nutrition 241, 245, 552-3 oral examination 213, 214 osteodysplasia 599 pelvic and limb fractures 153 pharmacological studies 175 photosensitisation 202, 775 physical restraint 133-4, 553 physiological data 715 plant toxicoses 321, 323 pneumonia 558 pouch 72

pre-anaesthetic fasting 125

preventative medicine 553

pruritis 207

reproductive biology 76, 77

reproductive disorders 80

sarcoptic mange/scabies 190, 190, 192-3, 279, 285, 310, 334-5, 339, 555, 557-8, 782

sedation 134, 727

semen collection 71

seminal characteristics 72

skull 552

sperm assessment 72

spondylosis 555

syndromes of uncertain aetiology 558 taxonomy 551 thermoregulation 552

ticks/tick dermatitis 194, 555 toxicoses 556, 559, 775 toxoplasmosis 334, 344-6, 554 trauma 555

trypanosomes 389, 554

Tyzzers disease 554 urinalysis 711 venipuncture sites 720-1

Woolleya sarcophili 572

World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) 5, 6, 14 Collaborating Centres 14

World Trade Organization, Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures 6

wound management, koalas 508

wound management (bushfire-affected wildlife) 413 decontamination an debridement 413-14, 413 topical treatment and dressings 414-15

woylie see brush-tailed bettong

xanthomatosis 311, 476

xenobiotics 169-70, 177-9

xeroderma 198

xylazine 636-7, 651, 726, 728

yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) 31, 116, 193, 207, 241, 246, 300, 310-11, 361, 377, 564, 565

yellow-bellied sheath-tailed bat (Saccolaimusflaviventris) 276, 599

yellow-footed antechinus (Antechinusflavipes) 72, 324, 328, 362, 572-3

yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus) 71, 191, 245, 293-4, 333, 389, 397, 468-9, 471, 476-7, 661-2 Fusobacterium necrophorum in 484 macropod progressive periodontal disease 487, 488, 490 Yersinia

pseudotuberculosis 26, 31

spp. 651

Yokanella regensburgei 516 young-at-foot, euthanasia 271

Zaglossus (long-beaked echidna)

attenboroughi 435 bartoni 435, 440 bruijni 435

Ziehl-Nielsen (ZN) staining 351, 354, 626, 775 zinc toxicity 326

zona pellucida vaccines 94

zoo and sanctuary-based management and restocking,

Tasmanian devils 585

zoo-based management, inappropriate species-specific, and MPPD 487

zoo-based wildlife hospitals 11

Zoo Enterprise Manual 13 zoonoses 6, 62, 90, 273-85, 335, 338

associated with Australian native mammals 276-9 bacterial diseases 275-8, 280-2, 283-4, 338, 351, 355, 470, 563-4, 590, 601

definition 273

fungal diseases 279, 284-5

parasitic diseases 278-9, 282, 284-5, 365-6, 394, 397, 473-4, 602-3

people at risk of contracting 273 potential agents 283-5, 394, 400, 470 protozoal diseases 278, 282, 284, 400, 473 risk minimisation practices 274, 276 -9, 340 signs and symptoms in animals 276-9 signs and symptoms in people 276-9, 283-4 viral diseases 137, 205, 274-6, 338, 599-601, 610-14 wildlife hosts 6, 273, 275-85, 333, 335, 338, 343-4, 346, 564, 594-5, 601, 610-14

wildlife veterinarian role 273-4

see also emerging infectious diseases (EID) zuclopenthixol 416 zuclopenthixol acetate 726 zuclopenthixol decanoate 725

Zygomycetes 642

Zylkene® 120

¹Backhouseand Bolliger 1951; ^{1 2}McMiIIan and Bancroft 1974; ³Mackerras 1959; ⁴BettioI etal. 1998; ⁵Noyes etal. 1999; ⁶Jakes etal. 2001; ⁷Reid etal. 2001; ⁸HamiIton etal. 2004; ⁹HamiIton etal. 2005; ¹⁰CIarkand Spencer 2006; ¹¹Smith etal. 2008;

¹²Averis etal. 2009; ¹³McInnes etal. 2009; ¹⁴McInnes etal. 2011a; ¹⁵McInnes etal. 2011b; ¹⁶Paparini etal. 2011; ¹⁷Botero etal. 2013; ¹⁸Paparini etal. 2014; ¹⁹Thompson etal. 2014b; ²⁰Austen etal. 2015b; ²¹Barbosa etal. 2016a; ²²Barbosa etal. 2016b;

²³Boteroefa/. 2016a; ²⁴Barbosa etal. 2017a; ²⁵Barbosa etal. 2017b; ²⁶Mackie etα∕. 2017; ²⁷Coopereta/. 2018; ²⁸Northover eta∕. 2019; ²⁹Austen eta∕. 2020; ³⁰Egan eta∕. 2020; ³¹Ortiz-Baezeta/. 2020; ³²Portas eta∕. 20 20,³³Egan eta∕. 2021; ³⁴HaII eta∕.

2021; ³⁵Gofton eta∕. 2022; ³⁶Barbosa etα∕. unpublished

*Species classification based on morphological characterisation only.

^Exotic species introduced to Australia.

*Animals experimentally infected with trypanosomes.

N∕A= not available.

¹Travis etal. (2012); ^{1 2}Species360 (2017); ³Shima etal. (2021)

^aThe lowest measured value for sodium of 32 mmol/L is as reported. This value is an implausible result fora healthy animal and may constitute a reporting error; the possibility that the actual measured value was 132 mmol/L is considered.

¹Old etal. (2005); ^{1 2}OId etal. (2007)

^aReported as published: the mean isa highervaluethanthe range. BHB = beta-hydroxybutyrate; MPV = mean platelet volume.

¹Species360 (2017); ^{1 2}TuIkefa/. (2016); ³McDonogh etal. (2015)

^aThe upper limit of the Rl for potassium (66.83 mmol∕L) is as reported. Thisvalue is an implausible result for a healthy animal and may Constitutean analytical or reporting error; the Possibilitythattheactual upper limit was 6.68 mmol/L is considered.

N/L ratio = neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.

¹Middleton (2008); ^{1 2}VogeInestand Portas (2008); ³BIanshard and Bodley (2008); ⁴Bryantand Reiss (2008); ⁵Johnson and Hemsley (2008); ^sSpecies360 (2017)

^aSee also following table for species-specific data

BTP = common brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula); RTP = eastern ring-tailed possum (Pseudocheirusperegrinus); USG = urine specific gravity.

¹Bryant and Reiss (2008); ^{1 2}HoIz (2008); ³Cooper and Withers (2002); ⁴OIsson and Woods (2008)

^aPteropodid and some insectivorous/carnivorous species.

^bRectaItemperature may not give accurate measurement of core temperature, especially in smaller species.