References

Couto N, Belas A, Couto I, Perreten V, Pomba

C. Genetic relatedness, antimicrobial and biocide susceptibility comparative analysis of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Portugal.

Crawford MA, Turk MA. Ureteral obstruction associated with proliferative ureteritis in a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1984; 184: 586-588.

long-term (i.e., months), once daily adminis­tration of first line antibiotics with minimal side effects, reaching high urine concentra­tion (e.g., first generation β-lactam). Drugs should be administered at night after the pet has voided. The potential risk of emerging resistance resulting from this practice, how­ever, should not be overlooked. Prophylactic treatment should never be applied before other options have been exhausted and only after the infection has been eliminated using the above guidelines. When performed, routine urine cultures should be carried out to document recurrence or super-infection, and if positive and associated with clinical signs or inflammation, it should be treated as a complicated UTI.