Summary

The American Veterinary Medical Association veterinary oath was revised in 2011 to include emphasis in the protection of animal welfare and prevention and relief of animal suffering. In addition to diagnosis and treatment of pain discussed in this chapter, practitioners should explore opportunities to prevent and mitigate pain associated with routine surgical procedures through development of herd health protocols that include least painful techniques, training of stockpeople, and scheduling the surgeries to minimize stressors. In addition to pharmacologic interventions, thoughtful consideration of the hospital environment can aid convalescence by providing appropriate social groupings, a comfortable place to rest, and easy access to feed and water.