Smith Bradford P., Van Metre David C., Pusterla Nicola (eds.). Large Animal Internal Medicine. Part 1. 6th edition. — Elsevier,2020. — 2279 p.. 2020

Utilize a problem-oriented approach to the diagnosis of diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats. Large Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition covers the diagnosis and management of disease in both ruminant and equine internal medicine. As the first veterinary internal medicine text to use a problem-based approach, it offers discussions of over 150 clinical signs and manifestations, as well as comprehensive coverage of laboratory and diagnostic testing. New to this edition is a versatile online reference platform and coverage of conditions that exist in Europe, Central and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. In addition, thoroughly revised and updated content includes new vaccines and vaccination protocols; the most current laboratories for DNA, genetic, and PCR testing; and colostrum supplements and replacers. It’s everything you need to stay up to date with the latest information on preventing and treating disease in large animals.

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MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASE

DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE

COLLECTION OF SAMPLES AND INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY TESTS

TO Yibi, Chris, Bonnie, Kate, Everett, Alex, Mary-Lee, Brianna, Olivia Smith, Jill Higgins, Lucas and Lia Pusterla for their love and support. Robin, Aaron, and Joe Van Metre, with gratitude for their love and laughter; and to Drs. Bill Rebhun, Tom Divers, Steve Dill, Susie Fubini, Chuck Guard, and Norm Ducharme—Thank you for showing the way.

AND TO the authors and consulting editors who worked so hard to advance large animal internal medicine to new levels.

David Copley Van Metre

PREVIOUS EDITION CONTRIBUTORS

CONTRIBUTORS

PREFACE

PART 1 History, Physical Examination, and Medical Records

Ruminant History, Physical Examination, Welfare Assessment, and Records

RONALD L. TERRA and JAMES P. REYNOLDS, Consulting Editors

Obtaining the History

Diagnostic Tests That Can Be Applied in the Field

Assessing the Welfare of the Individual Animal or the Herd

Insurance, Interstate, and Prepurchase Health Examinations

References

Equine History, Physical Examination, Records, and Recognizing Abuse or Neglect in Patients

KATHLEEN CASEY GONDA, Consulting Editor

Section 1

The ideal purpose of the physical examination is to determine what or if a problem exists. The results should be used to establish a diagnostic plan, prepare a therapeutic approach, and develop a prognosis as rapidly and efficiently as possible.

Physical Examination Record

Section 2

Recognizing Abuse and Neglect in Equine Patients

Veterinarian's Responsibility to Patient Welfare

REFERENCES

PART 2 Manifestations of Disease

Pain

SUZANNE T. MILLMAN and JOHANN (HANS) F. COETZEE, Consulting Editors

Introduction

Diagnosing Pain in Livestock

Pharmacologic Interventions to Treat Livestock Pain

Local Anesthesia

Compounds That Potentiate Local Anesthesia

Alternatives to Local Anesthesia

Future Prospects for Treating Chronic Pain and Central Sensitization in Cattle

Summary

REFERENCES

Alterations in Body Temperature

MARIE-EVE FECTEAU, Consulting Editor

Control of Body Temperature

Conditions of Increased Body Temperature (Hyperthermia)

Heat Stroke

Anhidrosis

Drugs and Toxins With Effect on Body Temperature

Diseases of the Nervous System

Beneficial Effects of Fever

Adverse Effects of Fever

Fevers of Unknown Origin

Consideration of Epidemiology

Physical Examination

Diagnostic Aids (Table 4.1)

Hypothermia

REFERENCES

Alterations in Respiratory Function

JEFFREY LAKRITZ, Consulting Editor

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Cough

Nasal Discharge

Epistaxis and Hemoptysis

Tachypnea

Respiratory Distress (Dyspnea)

Cyanosis

Conditions That Predispose to Hypoxemia and Central Cyanosis

Exercise Intolerance and Poor Performance in Horses

REFERENCES

Alterations in Cardiovascular and Hemolymphatic Systems

VIRGINIA B. REEF and JOANN SLACK, Consulting Editors

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Peripheral Edema, Pleural Effusion, and Ascites

Cardiac Arrhythmias

Cardiac Murmurs

Painful Peripheral Swellings

Enlarged Lymph Nodes

Abnormal Peripheral Pulse

REFERENCES

Alterations in Alimentary and Hepatic Function

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Diarrhea

Colic

Melena

Blood, Fibrin, and/or Mucus in Feces (Dysentery)

Abdominal Distention and Constipation

Regurgitation and Vomiting

Dysphagia (Including Feed From Nares and Excessive Salivation)

Oral Vesicles, Erosions, Ulcers, or Growths

REFERENCES

Localization and Differentiation of Neurologic Diseases

DAVID C. VAN METRE and ROBERT J. MACKAY, Consulting Editors

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Terminology and Description of Clinical Signs of Neurologic Disease (See Table 8.1)

Diagnosis of Neurologic Diseases

Mentation and Behavior

Gait

Conscious Proprioception and Postural Reactions

Abnormalities of Posture and the Righting Response

Spinal Reflexes

Myotatic Reflexes

Other Spinal Reflexes

Muscle Mass and Tone

Examination of Cranial Nerves

Other Aspects of Physical Examination of the Patient With Neurologic Disease

Examination of the Neonate

Localization of Central Nervous System Lesions

Localization of Neurologic Diseases by Major Clinical Signs

Blindness and Ocular Abnormalities

Circling

Head Tilt and Nystagmus

Incoordination, Hypermetria, Hypometria, Dysmetria, and Intention Tremor

Abnormalities of Cranial Nerve Function

Measurement of Brainstem Function Using Auditory Evoked Potentials

Paresis and Ataxia in Two or Four Limbs

Cervical Spinal Cord

Muscle Atrophy, Reduced Muscle Tone, Flaccid Paresis, Focal Analgesia

Urinary Incontinence and Urine Retention

REFERENCES

Alterations in Body Weight or Size

ALEXANDRA HUND, Consulting Editor

SHANNON E. PRATT-PHILIPS

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Slowed growth and below-normal weight gain usually happen at the same time, although occasionally they develop separately.

Mechanisms of Decreased Growth and Decreased Weight Gain

Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Decreased Growth and Decreased Weight Gain in Ruminants

Weight Loss

Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Weight Loss in Adult Horses

Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Weight Loss in Adult Ruminants

Obesity

Alterations in Urinary Function

EMILY A. BARRELL and ALEXANDRA J. BURTON, Consulting Editors

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Dysuria, Stranguria, and Incontinence

Hematuria and Pigmenturia

Alterations in the Skin

STEPHEN D. WHITE, Consulting Editor

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

General Approach to Diseases

Pruritus

Nodules, Tumors, and Swellings

Ulcerations and Erosions

Papules, Pustules, and Vesicles

Scaling and Crusting

Abnormal Coat Length and Density

Abnormal Pigmentation

Alterations in Sexual Function

mats h.t. Troedsson and bruce w. Christensen, Consulting Editors CLAUDIA KLEIN and KAREN MCDOWELL

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Alterations in Male Sexual Function

Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

PCARTER E. JUDY and SArel R. VAN AMSTEL, Consulting Editors

TROY HERTHEL, JAN K. SHEARER, and RICHARD ANDREW LECOUTEUR

Major Clinical Signs or Problems Encountered

Lameness and Stiffness

Postural Deformities

Swellings and Enlargements (Soft and Hard Tissue)

Swellings and Enlargements in Ruminants

Paresis and Weakness

Muscle Spasms and Myoclonus

Collapse and Sudden Death

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Collapse Versus Sudden Death

REFERENCES

PART 3 Disorders and Management of the Neonate

The Equine Peripartum Period

GUY D. LESTER, Consulting Editor

DISORDERS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NEONATE

Assessment of the Mare During Late Gestation

Systemic Disease in the Mare

Management of the High-Risk Late-Gestation Mare

Perinatal Asphyxia Syndrome

REFERENCES

Assessment of the Newborn Foa

GUY D. LESTER, Consulting Editor

JANE E. AXON

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Foals

GUY D. LESTER, Consulting Editor

CHRIS SANCHEZ, RACHAEL L. SMITH, JANE E. AXON, and DAVID P. BYRNE

FOAL DISORDERS

General Principles of Treatment and Care of the Abnormal Foal

Sepsis

Septic Arthritis and Osteomyelitis

Seizures

Neonatal Encephalopathy

Other Neurologic Conditions

Anemia

Respiration

Diarrhea in Neonatal Foals

REFERENCES

The Peripartum Ruminant

JOHN K. HOUSE, Consulting Editor

Peripartum mortality is a common cause of loss across livestock industries.1

Late-Term Complications of Gestation

Perinatal Adaptation

Initial Management and Clinical Investigation of Neonatal Ruminants

JOHN K. HOUSE, Consulting Editor

ALISON A. GUNN, GEMMA CHUCK, and MUNASHE CHIGERWE

Environmental Management

Colostrogenesis and Colostral Components

The Immunological Benefits of Colostrum

transfer achieving serum IgG concentrations of 10 mg/mL or greater at 24 to 48 hours is associated with reduced risk for morbidity and mortality.25-27

Provision of Adequate Colostrum

Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity

Risk Factors for Inadequate Colostrum Uptake

Factors Affecting the Immunoglobulin Concentration of Colostrum

Management to Ensure Adequate Passive Transfer

Nutrition

Clinical Investigation of Neonatal Disease

History

Examination From a Distance

Manifestations and Management of Disease in Neonatal Ruminants

JOHN K. HOUSE, Consulting Editor

GEOFFREY W. SMITH, ALISON A. GUNN, SHEILA M. MCGUIRK, and MATHEW IZZO

Weakness and/or Depressed Mentation

Respiratory Difficulty

Abdominal Distention

Lameness and Reluctance to Walk

Failure to Thrive: Cachexia and Weak Calf Syndrome

REFERENCES

Colostrum and Milk Replacers

SANDRA GODDEN and ROBERT E. JAMES, Consulting Editors

MAJOR CLINICAL SIGNS OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

The goals of colostrumand milk feeding programs for preweaned calves and small ruminants are to achieve optimal rates of gain, support and develop a strong immune system, maximize health, and stimulate ruminal development, all in a cost- effective manner.

Colostrum Supplements and Replacements

Milk Replacers

References

PART 4 Collection of Samples and Interpretation of Laboratory Tests

Clinical Chemistry Tests

HENRY STAMPFLI1 Consulting Editor

OLIMPO OLIVER-ESPINOSA

MAJOR BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES OR PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED

Submission of Laboratory Samples

Sources of Variation in Normal Values

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Collection and Submission of Samples for Hematologic and Cytologic Evaluation

CATHERINE J. BENSON, Consulting Editor

Proper test choice and sample acquisition, preparation, and submission of specimens to a reference laboratory are crucial to making diagnostic decisions to aid in patient care and treatment.

Venipuncture Site and Technique

Handling and Transportation of Samples

General Principles for Submitting Cytology Samples

General Principles for Various Body Fluids

REFERENCES

Alterations in the Erythron

LESLIE C. SHARKEY and ERIN N. BURTON, Consulting Editors

MAJOR ALTERATIONS

The erythron is defined as the total mass of circulating erythrocytes and their precursors within the bone marrow.

Erythropoiesis

Evaluation of the Anemic Patient

Erythrocytosis

REFERENCES

Alterations in the Leukogram

LESLIE C. SHARKEY and DANIEL A. HEINRICH, Consulting Editors

MAJOR ALTERATIONS

Interpretation of the Ieukogram in the context of the clinical history, the physical examination, and the rest of the minimum laboratory database (complete blood cell count, serum biochemical data, and urinalysis) can provide valuable insights into the diagnostic process in large animal species.

Leukocytes

Principles of Leukogram Interpretation

Approach to Interpretation of the Leukogram in Horses

Approach to Interpretation of the Leukogram in Ruminants

REFERENCES

Alterations in Blood Proteins

JENNIFER L. JOHNS, Consulting Editor MEERA HELLER

MAJOR ALTERATIONS

Serum or plasma protein measurements constitute a vital component of laboratory diagnostic evaluations.

Hyperproteinemia

Hyperglobulinemia

The Acute Phase Response

Other APPs

Hypoproteinemia

REFERENCES

Alterations in Hemostasis

JENNIFER L. JOHNS, Consulting Editor MEERA HELLER

MAJOR ALTERATIONS

The diagnostic test panel to evaluate coagulation in large animals can include platelet count, plasma Semiquantitative fibrinogen to assess for increased fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT),

Platelet Parameters

Platelet Function Defects and Von Willebrand Disease

Prolonged Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time

Increased Fibrin and Fibrinogen Degradation Products

Decreased Plasma Antithrombin III

Hypofibrinogenemia

Thromboelastography

Other Tests of Hemostatic Function

REFERENCES

Collection and Analysis of Bone Marrow

Bone marrow is composed of hematopoietic cells as well as structural components, including trabecular bone, adipose tissue, a sinusoidal system, supporting reticular cells, and an extracellular matrix.

Diagnostic Indications for Bone Marrow Aspiration or Biopsy

Bone Marrow Collection

Bone Marrow Evaluation

Molecular Diagnostics

PNiCGLA PUSTERLA and CHRISTIAN M. Leutenegger, Consulting Editors BEATE m. Crgssley and shargn hietela

TESTS AND APPLICATIONS

Molecular Diagnostics in Large Animals

Molecular Testing for Infectious Diseases in Horses

Molecular Testing for Infectious Diseases in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

REFERENCES

PART 5 Disorders of the Organ Systems

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

VIRGINIA B. REEF, Consulting Editor

Performing the Electrocardiogram

Use of Echocardiography in Large Animals

Cardiac Catheterization in Large Animals

Congenital Cardiovascular Disease

Valvular Heart Disease

Pericarditis

Vascular Disease: Aneurysms, Thrombosis, and Embolism

Atrial Fibrillation

Ventricular Tachycardia

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Respiratory System

PAMELA A. WILKINS, KARA M. LASCOLA, and AMELIA R. WOOLUMS, Consulting Editors DANIELA BEDENICE, STEEVE GIGUERE, ASHLEY G. BOYLE, BETTINA DUNKEL, KURT J. WILLIAMS, GABRIELE A. LANDOLT, SCOTT M. AUSTIN, DOROTHY M. AINSWORTH, FAISAL GHAZI HABASHA, KENNETH W. HINCHCLIFF, FABIO DEL PIERO, JOHN R. PASCOE, SAFIA Z. BARAKZAI, SANTIAGO D. GUTIERREZ-NIBEYRO, PADRAIC MARTIN DIXON, BEN BUCHANAN, BRETT TENNENT-BROWN, PEGGY S. MARSH, W. RAY WATERS, JEANNE LOFSTEDT, EMILY JOHN, DWIGHT D. BOWMAN, ALLISON JEA

Diagnostic Procedures for the Respiratory System

General Evaluation of the Patient With Respiratory Disease

Fungal Infections of the Equine Respiratory Tract

Streptococcus equi subsp. equi Infection (Strangles)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Acute Lung Injury (Acute Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia)

Equine Respiratory Viruses

Equine Lungworm

Thoracic Trauma

Pulmonary Edema

Smoke Inhalation

Summer Pasture-Associated Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Inflammatory Airway Disease in the Horse

Tuberculosis

Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis)

Glanders (Farcy)

Equine Thoracic Neoplasia

Diseases of Lymph Nodes, Vasculature, and Pharynx

Guttural Pouch Diseases

Diseases of the Paranasal Sinuses

Disorders of the Equine Soft Palate

Disorders of the Trachea

Equine Influenza in Australia

Hendra Virus

Ruminant Respiratory System

Oestrus ovis Infestation

Diseases of the Sinuses

Diseases of the Pharynx, Larynx, and Trachea

Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases

Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease of Undetermined Cause (Undifferentiated Ruminant Respiratory Disease)

Treatment of Undifferentiated Ruminant Respiratory Disease

Epidemiology of Undifferentiated Ruminant Respiratory Disease

Host and Environmental Risk Factors for Undifferentiated Ruminant Respiratory Disease*

Prevention and Control of Undifferentiated Ruminant Respiratory Disease

The Interstitial Pneumonias

Chronic Progressive Pneumonias of Sheep and Goats

Parasitic Bronchitis and Pneumonia

Bovine Tuberculosis

Other Pneumonias

Diseases of the Thoracic Wall and Cavity

Miscellaneous Conditions

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Alimentary Tract

SAMUEL L. JONES and GILLES FECTEAU, Consulting Editors Pamela J. Hullinger, danelle a. bickett-weddle, guy st. jean, sylvain nichols, N. james maclachlan, Christie e. mayo, paul walz, sebastien buczinski, franklyn garry, CRAIG MCCONNEL, DAVID FRANCOZ, ANDRE DESROCHERS, RAYMOND W. SWEENEY, SPRING K. HALLAND, ROBERT BASCOM SAGER, BRADFORD P. SMITH, MICHELLE H. BARTON, JACK EASLEY, ANTHONY T. BLIKSLAGER, GAYLE D. HALLOWELL, LIARA M. GONZALEZ, KELSEY A. HART, JENNIFER L. DAVIS, NICOLA PUSTERLA, J

Equine Alimentary System

Dentistry and Oral Disease

Disorders of the Esophagus

Disorders of the Stomach

Equine Proliferative Enteropathy

Surgical Disorders of the Small Intestine

Medical Disorders of the Large Intestine

Surgical Disorders of the Large Intestine

Disorders of the Descending (Small) Colon

Disorders of the Peritoneum in Horses

Gastrointestinal Ileus

Fluid Therapy for Horses With Gastrointestinal Diseases

Dental and Periodontal Diseases

Actinobacillosis (Woody Tongue, Wooden Tongue)

Actinomycosis (Lumpy Jaw)

Pharyngeal Trauma and Abscess

Contagious Ecthyma (Sore Mouth, Orf, Contagious Pustular Dermatitis, Scabby Mouth)

Bovine Papular Stomatitis (BPS, Proliferative Stomatitis)

Bluetongue

Diseases Caused by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Books and textbooks on the discipline Animal diseases:

Vogelnest L., Portas T. (Eds.). Current Therapy in Medicine of Australian Mammals. CSIRO,2025. — 848 p. - 2025 ãîä

Smith Mary C., Sherman David M.. Goat Medicine. 3rd edition. — Wiley-Blackwell,2023. — 976 p. - 2023 ãîä

Smith Bradford P., Van Metre David C., Pusterla Nicola (eds.). Large Animal Internal Medicine. Part 2. 6th edition. — Elsevier,2020. — 2279 p. - 2020 ãîä

Savic Sara (ed.). Vectors and Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases. ITexLi,2019. — 110 p - 2019 ãîä

Gram W.D., Milner R.J., Lobetti R. (eds.). Chronic Disease Management for Small Animals. Wiley,2018. — 357 p. - 2018 ãîä

Seyedmousavi S. et al. (eds). Emerging and Epizootic Fungal Infections in Animals. Springer International Publishing,2018. - 406 p - 2018 ãîä

Scott Philip R. Scott Philip R.. Cattle and Sheep Medicine. 2nd ed. — CRC Press,2016. — 336 p - 2016 ãîä

Jepson Lance. Exotic Animal Medicine: A Quick Reference Guide. 2nd edition. — Saunders,2015. — 656 p - 2015 ãîä

Scott Philip R.. Cattle and Sheep Medicine. CRC Press,2010. — 192 p - 2010 ãîä

Steiner J.M. (ed.). Small Animal Gastroenterology. Schluetersche,2008. — 387 p. - 2008 ãîä

Tams T.. Handbook of Small Animal Gastroenterology. Saunders,2003. — 496 p. - 2003 ãîä

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