In addition to the water and electrolytes that are secreted into the intestine by the pancreas, liver, and other glandular organs, a considerable portion of GI water and electrolyte secretion occurs directly from the intestinal surface.

All water secretion is osmotic, but the osmotic gradient driving water secretion may occur in response to either passive or active processes.

More on the topic In addition to the water and electrolytes that are secreted into the intestine by the pancreas, liver, and other glandular organs, a considerable portion of GI water and electrolyte secretion occurs directly from the intestinal surface.: