BLOOD
4.3.1 Components of Blood
1. Plasma: Liquid portion of blood containing water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products.
2. Formed Elements:
a. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): Carry oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
b. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): Play a role in the immune response.
c. Platelets: Cell fragments involved in blood clotting and hemostasis.
4.3.2 Functions of Blood
1. Oxygen Transport: Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds and carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
2. Nutrient Transport: Glucose, amino acids, lipids, and vitamins are transported to cells for energy and metabolism.
3. Waste Removal: Carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products are transported to organs for elimination.
4. Hormone Transport: Hormones secreted by endocrine glands are carried in the bloodstream to target tissues.
5. Immune Response: White blood cells and antibodies defend against pathogens and foreign substances.
6. Thermoregulation: Blood helps regulate body temperature by distributing heat.
Understanding the anatomy of the cardiovascular system is essential for comprehending its function and the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases.
4.4