CHAPTER OUTLINE
■ THE CELL, ITS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
The Organelles
■ ENERGY PRODUCTION
■ FUNCTIONS OF DNA AND RNA
DNA and Its Replication
Mitosis
RNA and Protein Synthesis
■ EMBRYOLOGY
■ TISSUES
Epithelium
Connective Tissue
■ DIRECTIONAL TERMS AND PLANES
■ BODY CAVITIES
Thoracic Cavity
The Abdominopelvic Cavity
The Peritoneum
In general, the study of anatomy refers to the study of the structure of body parts and includes gross anatomy (identification by unaided visual means) and microscopic anatomy (identification by microscopic assistance that usually begins at the cellular level).
The study of physiology is a study of the functions of the body, or as sometimes stated, “how the body works,” and includes biophysical and biochemical processes and precludes a knowledge of anatomy. Although anatomy and physiology can be taught as separate entities, overlaps are unavoidable and it follows that greater productivity is obtained by integrating the two disciplines.The study of anatomy and physiology is assisted by prerequisite courses, which include chemistry, physics, biology, and quantitative skills in mathematics. With this in mind, we will rely not only on your previous preparation, but also on the desire to advance your knowledge with application to animal anatomy and physiology. This chapter provides basics of structure and function that should be helpful to you as you study the chapters that follow.
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