CHAPTER OUTLINE
■ TESTES AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES
Epididymis
Ductus Deferens
Scrotum
■ DESCENT OF THE TESTES
■ ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS AND SEMEN
■ PENIS AND PREPUCE
■ MUSCLES OF MALE GENITALIA
■ BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY
■ SPERMATOGENESIS
Epididymal Transport
Spermatogenic Wave
Hormonal Control
Other Functions of Testosterone
■ ERECTION
■ MOUNTING AND INTROMISSION
■ EMISSION AND EJACULATION
■ FACTORS AFFECTING TESTICULAR FUNCTION
■ REPRODUCTION IN THE AVIAN MALE
The reproductive functions of the male involve the formation of sperm and the deposition of the sperm into the female.
Sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and are then transported through the rete testes to the epididymides, where they are stored and matured. The production of sperm is a continuous process once it has been initiated. However, it can change in rate at times in some species, depending on the amount of daylight (photoperiod). The introduction of sperm into the female is preceded by erection of the penis so that it can enter the tubular genitalia of the female. Entrance is followed by emission of sperm into the penile urethra, along with stored secretions of the accessory glands (sperm plus accessory gland secretion is referred to as semen). Actual transport of semen through the penile urethra to the region of the cervix or into the uterus of the female is accomplished by ejaculation. The process of male reproduction is assisted by hormones and the autonomic nervous system.■
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