DescriptiveTerms
The normal condition of storing urine in the bladder during filling is known as urinary continence. Urinary incontinence is the frequent dribbling of urine due to improper functioning of the external sphincter.
Polyuria is increased urine output, and oliguria is decreased urine output. The condition of no urine output is known as anuria. Dysuria is difficult or painful urination, and stranguria is painful, drop-by-drop and slow discharge of urine.Uraemia is a clinical state in which the blood urea nitrogen level, an indicator of nitrogen waste products, is elevated. It results due to certain factors, like (1) renal failure;
(2) increased production of urea in the liver due to a high- protein diet, drugs and increased breakdown of protein;
(3) decreased elimination of urea due to reduced blood flow to the kidney, and obstruction of urinary tract; (4) dehydration; and (5) chronic infection of the kidney.
Uraemia is a severe condition that can even become fatal because very high nitrogen in the blood is toxic to the body. Symptoms of uraemia include mental confusion, loss of consciousness, decreased urine production, dry mouth, debility, paleness of skin or pallor, bleeding problems, increased heart rate (tachycardia), oedema and increased thirst. Treatment includes dialysis or a kidney transplant.
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