HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

Chronologically Claudius Galen (AD 130-200), a Greek physician who was the first to demonstrate that urine was formed in the kidneys and transmitted from them to the bladder by the ureter. Later on, William of Salicet (1210­1280) put forward his ideas of urine formation and gave his classic account of renal dropsy. Sir William Bowman (1816-1892) discovered that urine is a by-product of blood filtration carried out in the kidney; Bowman’s capsule is named after him. Carl Ludwig (1816-1895) proposed that urine formation begins with the separation of a protein-free ultrafiltrate of plasma in the glomerulus. Arthur Cushny (1866-1926) in 1917 proposed the modern theory of urine formation

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