LACTATION CYCLE
The lactation cycle in farm animals encompasses the process of milk production for nourishing offspring, starting from birth until weaning. It comprises several distinct phases.
Initially, after giving birth, the female animal secretes colostrum, a vital fluid rich in antibodies and nutrients crucial for the newborn’s immunity and gut health. Subsequently, the lactation shifts into a phase of increased milk production, known as Lactogenesis I, characterized by a rapid surge in milk volume and composition alterations. This stage transitions into Lactogenesis II, where milk production stabilizes at its peak, providing consistent nutrition for the growing offspring. As the young animals mature and consume less milk, a gradual decline in milk production occurs. Ultimately, the lactation cycle concludes with the weaning of the offspring, prompting the cessation of milk production. Post-weaning, the female undergoes involution, whereby the mammary glands return to their non-lactating state. Various factors, including genetics, nutrition, environment, and management practices, influence the lactation cycle. Breeds selectively bred for dairy production, such as Holstein and Jersey cows, may exhibit extended lactation periods compared to meat breeds.22.17
Source:
Rana Tanmoy (ed.). Principles of Veterinary Animal Physiology. CRC Press,2026. — 290 p.. 2026
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