MAMMARY INVOLUTION
Involution refers to the process that unfolds after milking cessation, leading to both structural and physiological alterations within the mammary gland. The decrease in secretory activity is a consequence of heightened pressure and elevated levels of the lactation feedback inhibitor hormone (FIL).
In rodents, the loss of alveolar structure occurs swiftly (within days), with only ducts evident in the fat pad due to diminished prolactin (PRL) levels. Conversely, dairy cows undergo a gradual decline in secretory activity, retaining their alveolar structures for weeks to months. Throughout involution, extensive differentiation of alveolar cells occurs to facilitate milk synthesis and secretion. Moreover, metabolic shifts transpire, encompassing heightened appetite (for both food and water), augmented gastrointestinal tract dimensions and function, alterations in nutrient metabolism, and weight loss, all of which are orchestrated to meet the demands of lactation (Figure 22.6).22.15
Source:
Rana Tanmoy (ed.). Principles of Veterinary Animal Physiology. CRC Press,2026. — 290 p.. 2026
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