PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following will not cause pulmonary edema?
a. An increase in pulmonary capillary permeability to protein
b. A blockage of pulmonary lymph vessels
c. An increase in left atrial pressure
d.
A constriction of pulmonary arteriolese. Left-sided heart failure
2. A patient with a form of protein-losing kidney disease has a plasma colloid osmotic pressure of IOmmHg. The patient has edema but is not getting any worse. Blood pressure and heart rate are normal. Which of the following is probably preventing further edema?
a. Increased interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
b. Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
c. Decreased lymph flow
d. Increased plasma sodium ion concentration
e. Increased interstitial fluid oncotic pressure
3. The following parameters were measured in the microcirculation of a skeletal muscle: Pt (capillary hydrostatic pressure), 34 mm Hg; Pi (interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure), IO mm Hg; πt. (capillary plasma oncotic pressure), 24 mm Hg; and πi (interstitial fluid oncotic pressure), 1 mm Hg. Which of the following is true?
a. These conditions would favor filtration.
b. These conditions would favor reabsorption.
c. These conditions would favor neither filtration nor reabsorption.
d. It is not clear what these conditions favor because the concentration of plasma protein is not specified.
4. The rate of diffusion of glucose molecules from capillary blood to interstitial fluid is most directly affected by the:
a. Voltage difference between capillary blood and interstitial fluid
b. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
c. Size and number of capillary pores
d. Amount of oxygen in the blood
e. Hematocrit
5. During a 30-minute hemorrhage, a horse loses a substantial volume of blood.
The horses mean arterial pressure decreases from 90 to 75 mm Hg, and the heart rate increases from 40 to 90 beats per minute. The skin becomes cold and the mucous membranes become pale, suggesting marked vasoconstriction. Because hemorrhage involves the loss of whole blood (both plasma and cells), you might expect that, soon after such a hemorrhage, the horses remaining blood would still have a normal composition. However, you take a blood sample and discover that the hematocrit is abnormally low (only 28%). Which of the following would most likely account for the decrease in hematocrit observed after the hemorrhage?a. Arteriolar constriction has caused capillary hydrostatic pressure to increase above normal.
b. Low capillary hydrostatic pressure has caused interstitial fluid to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
c. Many blood cells have been filtered out of capillaries and into the interstitial fluid.
d. Excess capillary filtration has caused interstitial fluid pressure to increase above normal.
e. Excess capillary filtration has caused capillary colloid osmotic pressure to increase above normal.