PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1. Elevated Paco₂, low pH, and no base excess or deficit are characteristic of:

a. Acute respiratory acidosis

b. Acute respiratory alkalosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

d.

e. None of the above

2. Elevated Paco₂, alkaline pH, and base excess are charac­teristic of:

a. Chronic respiratory acidosis

b. Chronic respiratory alkalosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

d. Metabolic alkalosis

e. None of the above

3. Low Paco₂, acid pH, and base deficit are characteristic of:

a. Chronic respiratory acidosis

b. Acute respiratory alkalosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

d. Metabolic alkalosis

e. None of the above

4. The most likely acid-base disturbance to be found in a dog at the top of Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska (height, 20,320 ft, or 6353 m) is:

a. Respiratory acidosis

b. Respiratory alkalosis

c. Metabolic acidosis

d. Metabolic alkalosis

e. None of the above

5. The distal tubule of the kidney affects acid-base balance by:

a. Altering the pK_j of the HCO₅ ZH₂CO₃ buffer.

b. Concentrating CO₂ in the renal tubular cell.

c. Generating new HCO₃".

d. Using ammonia to buffer H ‘.

e. Both c and d.

6. Which of the following buffers will be most effective in blood (pH = 7.4)?

a. HX∕X", pK_a = 4.2, plentiful

b. HYZY^-, pK_a = 7.2, scarce

c. HZ∕Z^, pK_a = 9.6, scarce

d. HWZW", pK_a = 7.6, plenti ful

e. HAZA^, pK_a = 10.2, plentiful