SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 9

HEART AND PERICARDIUM

1. An increase in the resistance to blood flow to the lungs would cause hypertrophy (because of greater work) of which one of the following chambers?

a.

b. Left atrium

c. Right ventricle

d. Left ventricle

2. Venous blood (unoxygenated) enters the:

a. left atrium from the vena cava.

b. pulmonary trunk from the left ventricle.

c. pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle.

d. left atrium from the pulmonary veins.

3. Blood flow through the arteries is maintained during diastole because of:

a. contraction of the ventricles.

b. inertia.

c. elastic fibers in large vessels.

d. expansion of the thorax during inspiration.

4. Blood pumped from the left ventricle goes through the:

a. aortic semilunar valve.

b. pulmonary trunk semilunar valve.

c. right A-V valve.

d. left A-V valve.

5. Blood flow through the heart, when received from the venae cavae, proceeds in the following order:

a. left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

b. right atrium, left atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle.

c. right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

d. left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle.

6. Because of its greater work, the heart chamber with the greatest muscle mass is the:

a. right ventricle.

b. left ventricle.

c. right atrium.

d. left atrium.

7. During ventricular contraction (systole):

a. the A-V valves are closed and the semilunar valves are open.

b. the semilunar valves are closed and the A-V valves are open.

c. all valves (A-V and semilunars) are open.

d. all valves (A-V and semilunars) are closed.

BLOOD VESSELS

8. Which one of the following circulatory divisions has the lowest pressure?

a. Capillaries

b. Veins

c. Arterioles

d. Arteries

9. Smooth muscle fibers are contained within:

a.

b. capillaries.

c. capillaries and veins.

d. veins.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

0. Interstitial fluid enters lymph vessels by:

a. diffusion.

b. inward flow through flap valves.

11. The lymphatic system:

a. is the only route back to the blood for the return of protein that leaks from the capillaries.

b. has a fluid in its vessels known as lymph.

c. has a fluid in its vessels similar to interstitial fluid.

d. has lymph nodes along the course of the lymphatic vessels that phagocytize foreign material and generate lymphocytes.

e. all of the above.

.2. Plasma proteins:

a. never leave the blood.

b. do leave the blood (12- to 24-hour turnover) and are returned via the lymphatics.

c. do leave the blood, in the same way as water and electrolytes, and are returned by reabsorption at the venous end of capillaries.

d. serve no useful purpose when in the interstitial space.

SPLEEN

.3. Which one of the following organs is active in the destruction of erythrocytes, stores iron, acts as a blood reservoir, phagocytizes foreign material, and produces lymphocytes?

a. Lymph nodes

b. Carotid body

c. Spleen

d. Dubissary

.4. Which one of the following is not a true statement about the spleen?

a. It is the largest lymphoid organ of the body.

b. It is capable of contraction, and thereby expresses RBCs into the blood vessels.

c. It is the only organ organized to filter blood.

d. Its circulating fluid is lymph.

CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY

1.5. A greater amount of ventricular filling results simply from blood flow into relaxed chambers than from atrial contraction.

a. True

b. False

.6. An impulse is transmitted throughout the ventricular muscles at a rate two to three times faster than it would be transmitted through atrial muscle because of the characteristics of the:

a. S-A node.

b. A-V node.

c. A-V bundle.

d. Purkinje fibers.

L7. Which of the following is the correct sequence of contraction for the heart?

a.

b. Right atrium followed by right ventricle followed by left atrium followed by left ventricle

c. Simultaneous contraction of right atrium and right ventricle followed by simultaneous contraction of left atrium and left ventricle

8. The pacemaker of the heart is known as the:

a. Purkinje fibers.

b. atrioventricular node (A-V node).

c. atrioventricular bundle (A-V bundle).

d. sinoatrial node (S-A node).

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

.9. The QRS wave complex would immediately precede which one of the following events?

a. Atrial contraction

b. Ventricular contraction

c. The second heart sound

d. Semilunar valve closure

:0. Which one of the EGG wave forms is associated with ventricular depolarization?

a. P wave

b. QRS complex

c. T wave

d. Tidal wave

»1. Blood pressure begins to increase immediately and the first heart sound (lub) is produced right after the:

a. QRS complex.

b. P wave.

c. T wave.

HEART SOUNDS

:2. The first heart sound, lub, is caused by:

a. closure of the semilunar valves.

b. opening of the semilunar valves.

c. closure of the A-V valves and contraction of the ventricles.

d. opening of the A-V valves and contraction of the atria.

:3. The second heart sound is correlated with:

a. ventricular relaxation.

b. closure of the semilunar valves.

c. the incisura.

d. all of the above.

HEART RATE AND ITS CONTROL

14. Which one of the autonomic nervous system divisions is associated with a decrease in all activities of the heart?

a. Sympathetic

b. Parasympathetic

15. Stimulation of the right vagus nerve (cranial nerve X; carries parasympathetic fibers) would:

a. increase all activities of the heart.

b. decrease all activities of the heart.

c. have no effect on the heart because it is headed for other organs.

BLOOD PRESSURE

:6. During the time between the measurements for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, the energy for the flow of blood is derived from:

a.

b. there is no blood flow; it is at a standstill.

c. the right ventricle.

d. arterial elasticity.

>7. Blood pressure is being measured with an electronic recorder. The upper swing of the pen is at 130 mm Hg and the lower swing of the pen is at 70 mm Hg. Which one of the following is the pulse pressure?

a. 130 mm Hg

b. 70 mm Hg

c. 60 mm Hg

d. 90 mm Hg

BLOOD FLOW

:8. Which one of the following occurs during expansion of the thorax during inspiration?

a. Decrease in intrapleural, mediastinal, and intravenous (venae cavae) pressure with assist to return of blood and lymph to the heart

b. Compression of the lungs (as they fill) on the venae cavae with resistance to return of blood and lymph to the heart

CAPILLARY DYNAMICS

19. Venous obstruction of blood flow from a body part would tend to increase interstitial fluid volume of that part.

a. True

b. False

0. Which is favored when considering these values (pressures in mm Hg)? Hydrostatic pressures: P_c = 26, Pif = -2; colloidal osmotic pressures: π_c = 5, πf = 5.

a. Filtration

b. Reabsorption

}1. Which one of the following would increase filtration at the capillary and tend to cause edema?

a. Increased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure

b. Increased venous blood pressure

c. An increase (toward positive) of the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

',2. When considered as the only factor influencing bulk flow, plasma colloidal osmotic pressure (π_c):

a. favors filtration.

b. favors reabsorption.