SELF EVALUATION - CHAPTER 15
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
1. The endometrium is:
a. the muscle layer of the uterus and expels the fetus at the end of gestation.
b. composed of skeletal muscle.
c. the support system for the uterus.
d. the lining of the uterus that secretes uterine milk.
2. Intertwining of the ovarian artery with the uterine vein serves to:
a. cool the ovary.
b. suspend the ovary.
c. transport PGF2α from the uterus to the ovary.
d. transport spermatozoa from the uterus to the ovary.
3. The mare’s ovary is described as:
a. almond shaped.
b. berry shaped.
c. bean shaped.
d. strawberry shaped.
4. An antrum (fluid-filled cavity) is clearly visible in:
a. graafian follicles.
b. primordial (primary) follicles.
c. growing follicles.
d. all follicles.
5. The reduction division of a primary oocyte will result in the formation of four oocytes.
a. True
b. False
6. Fertilization of oocytes released by the ovary occurs in the:
a. abdominal cavity.
b. uterine tubes.
c. uterus.
d. vagina.
7. The mesosalpinx is the serous covering of the:
a. ovary.
b. uterine tubes.
c. uterus.
d. vagina.
8. The cervix (the caudal projection of the uterus into the vagina):
a. is a heavy smooth-muscle sphincter.
b. is tightly closed except during estrus and at parturition.
c. has a goblet cell secretion seen at estrus and during pregnancy.
d. all of the above.
HORMONES OF FEMALE REPRODUCTION
9. Which one of the following best describes the action of progesterone?
a. Increases libido
b. Increases blood supply and motility of the uterus
c. Increases endometrial development and glandular secretion of the endometrium and decreases motility of the uterus
d. Assists follicular rupture and subsequent development of the corpus luteum
0.
Tonic levels of LH and FSH in the female are increased by increases in:a. estrogen.
b. progesterone.
c. androgen.
11. The female steroid hormone that prevents contraction of the uterus during pregnancy is:
a. estrogen.
b. progesterone.
c. LH.
OVARIAN FOLLICLE ACTIVITY
.2. Which one of the following best describes the action of LH (luteinizing hormone) in the female?
a. Causes lysis or reduction in size of the corpus luteum
b. Increases the blood supply and motility of the uterus
c. Assists in the maturing of an ovarian follicle, its rupture, and subsequent development and maintenance of a corpus luteum
d. Stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) to secrete testosterone
.3. The theca interna:
a. is the outer cell layer of the primary and antral follicles.
b. has LH receptors and secretes androgen.
c. has FSH receptors and converts androgen to estrogen.
d. secretes estrogen.
.4. What hormone has its concentration increased greatly just before ovulation (preovulatory surge), which assists ovulation and conversion of a ruptured follicle to a corpus luteum?
a. FSH
b. Estrogen
c. LH
d. Progesterone
15. Which one of the following best describes the action of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) in the female?
a. Causes lysis or reduction in size of the corpus luteum
b. Causes granulosa cells to convert androgen to estrogens
c. Assists in the maturing of an ovarian follicle, its rupture, and subsequent development and maintenance of a corpus luteum
d. Stimulates the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) to secrete testosterone
SEXUAL RECEPTIVITY
.6. Sexual receptivity in some species requires priming of the hypothalamic sexual center by progesterone so that estrogen then becomes effective.
a. True
b. False
1.7. During proestrus, the bitch is sexually attractive and sexually receptive without the requirement of priming by progesterone.
a. True
b. False
ESTROUS cycle and related factors
8.
Proestrus is characterized by:a. sexual receptivity.
b. increasing amounts of relaxin.
c. beginning after regression of the corpus luteum and ending at the onset of estrus.
d. early corpus luteum development.
.9. Which one of the following would not normally be expected in the sexual cycle of the cow and sow?
a. Proestrus
b. Estrus
c. Metestrus
d. Diestrus
e. Anestrus (long periods of ovarian inactivity)
:0. Which one of the following is the best example of a seasonally polyestrous animal?
a. Cow
b. Sow
c. Bitch
d. Ewe
»1. An estrous cycle interval is:
a. diestrus to proestrus.
b. one period of sexual receptivity to the next.
c. the same in all animals.
d. puberty to the end of reproductive life.
:2. Pseudopregnancy is most commonly observed in the:
a. bitch.
b. mare.
c. doe.
d. queen.
:3. The estrous cycle stage that begins after corpus luteum regression and ends at the onset of estrus is:
a. metestrus.
b. diestrus.
c. proestrus.
:4. The most predominant steroid hormone at the time of estrus is:
a. LH.
b. FSH.
c. progesterone.
d. estradiol.
e. LSMFT.
PREGNANCY
15. Which one of the following most closely approximates the gestation period for the sow?
a. 21 days
b. 150 days
c. 16 days
d. 114 days
16. Implantation is achieved when the uterus is dominated by:
a. relaxin.
b. progesterone.
c. estradiol.
d. diethylstilbestrol.
>7. Which one of the following approximates the gestation period for the mare?
a. 21 days
b. 16 days
c. 282 days
d. 336 days
:8. Which one of the following represents the most intimate attachment of the placenta with uterine tissue?
a. Amnion-allantois
b. Allantois-chorion
c. Chorion-amnion
d. Heart-lung preparation
19. A freemartin of the bovine species is:
a. a sterile female calf that develops in same uterus with a normal male twin and shares a common blood supply with the male while in the uterus.
b. same as answer a, except refers to the male as being sterile.
c. infrequently sterile (reproductively).
d. a calf with a free spirit.
0. The urachus is:
a. an extension of the placental chorion.
b. an extension of the fetal urinary bladder that empties into the allantoic cavity.
c. an extension of the fetal urinary bladder that empties into the amniotic cavity.
d. a musical instrument.
PARTURITION
}1. Difficulty in giving birth to the young is called:
a. fremitus.
b. libido.
c. dyspnea.
d. dystocia.
(2. Parturition refers to the:
a. length of the estrous cycle.
b. length of time for development of the fetus.
c. act of giving birth to the young.
d. return of the uterus to normal function and size.
INVOLUTION OF THE UTERUS
13. Involution refers to:
a. the attachment of the embryo to the endometrium.
b. increase in size of the uterus during gestation.
c. a return of the uterus to its nonpregnant size after parturition.
d. anestrus.
REPRODUCTION IN THE AVIAN FEMALE
14. The oviduct in the avian female:
a. extends from the ovary to the horns of the uterus.
b. extends from the ovary to the cloaca.
c. does not include a component known as the uterus.
d. serves only to transport the oocyte.
15. The reproductive tract of the avian female is characterized by:
a. a single left ovary and its oviduct.
b. a single right ovary and its oviduct.
c. a right and left ovary connected to a single oviduct.
d. right and left ovaries and oviducts, both terminating at the cloaca.
[6. Envelopment of the ovulated oocyte in the avian oviduct is a function of the:
a. magnum.
b. isthmus.
c. uterus.
d. infundibulum.
}7. Fertilization of the oocyte in the avian oviduct would occur in the:
a. vagina.
b. uterus.
c. magnum.
d. infundibulum.
8. Secretion of albumen in the avian oviduct takes place in the:
a. infundibulum.
b. magnum.
c. isthmus.
d. uterus.
19. Egg yolk proteins and lipids are formed in the:
a. ovary.
b. oviduct.
c. liver.
d. cloaca.
.0. The cuticle for the egg functions to:
a. add hardness to the shell.
b. stabilize the albumen and yolk.
c. reduce bacterial contamination and water loss.
d. glamorize the egg.
μ. Sperm-host glands in the avian female are present in the:
a. cloaca.
b. vagina.
c. uterus.
d. ceca.
∣∙2. “Egg bound” refers to:
a. the ultimate location of the oocyte.
b. eggs with shells that escape from the oviduct and are in the abdomen.
c. oocytes and yolk not enveloped by the infundibulum.
d. eggs stuck in either the lower shell gland or the cloaca. β. Oviposition refers to:
a. competition for an oocyte by spermatozoa.
b. the act of laying the egg.
c. the location of the oocyte within an egg.
d. the position of the female during mating.
4. Which plasma cation has the greatest turnover during egg production?
a. Na+
b. K+
c. Ca2+
d. Mg2+