CHAPTER OUTLINE
■ FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF.FEMALE MAMMARY GLANDS
Mammary Gland of Cows
Mammary Glands of Other Animals
■ Mammogenesis
Development in Cattle
Development in Other Animals
■ LACTOGENESIS AND LACTATION
Hormones and Their Interactions
Hormonal Maintenance of Lactation
■ COMPOSITION OF MILK
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Minerals
Vitamins
Other Substances
Species Variation in Composition
Colostrum
■ MILK REMOVAL AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
Milking Interval
Regression of the Mammary Gland
Lactation is defined as the combined process of milk secretion and milk removal.
It is the final stage of the reproductive process and begins after parturition because of hormone changes that occurred during gestation. Milk is an essential nutrient for survival of the newborn and for its neonatal development. Rapid development of the female mammary glands begins at puberty and functional development (prolactational) is reached during pregnancy.
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