The Ingestion of Colostrum Is Important Because of the Passive Immunity It Confers Through the Presence of High Concentrations of Immunoglobulins

When colostrum is formed before parturition, certain sub­stances are concentrated in the process. Ingestion of colos­trum is important for the well-being of the neonate. In addition to nutrition, colostrum has an important function in temporary, or passive, protection against infectious agents.

Immunoglobulins (e.g., immunoglobulin A, or IgA) are pro­duced in the mammary gland by plasma cells (derived from B lymphocytes originating in the gut) as a result of exposure of the mother to certain microorganisms. The immunoglobulins gain access to the milk system through the migration of the plasma cells from adjacent tissue sites. The immunoglobulins are highly concentrated in colostrum, and through the con­sumption of colostrum, the neonate can receive passive immunity against pathogens experienced by the mother. This allows the young to receive immediate protection from environmental organisms. The neonates of all domestic animals acquire antibodies through the ingestion of colostrum. The absorption of antibodies through milk in domestic animals contrasts with the situation in other species, includ­ing humans, rabbits, and guinea pigs, in which a more sub­stantial amount of antibody is passed to the fetus through the placenta.

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