CHAPTER OUTLINE
■ CLASSIFICATION
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
■ ARRANGEMENT
■ SKELETAL-MUSCLE HARNESSING
■ MICROSTRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
Muscle-Fiber Division
Sarcotubular System
Neuromuscular Junction
■ SKELETAL-MUSCLE CONTRACTION
Depolarization of Muscle Fibers
Contraction Process
Energy Changes
Contraction versus Contracture
Contraction Strength
■ COMPARISON OF CONTRACTION AMONG MUSCLE TYPES
■ CHANGES IN MUSCLE SIZE
Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia
Atrophy
Muscle contraction provides for movements of the skeleton, changes in the amount of blood supplied to body parts, transport of ingesta through the intestinal tract, generation of body heat, and circulation of blood.
These are examples of muscle function. Because of these diverse functions throughout the body, and because considerable work is required to perform them, it is not surprising that 45% to 50% of body weight is represented by components of the muscular system. Muscle tissue has basic physiologic properties associated with contractility. These include excitability, extensibility, and elasticity. Excitability (also called irritability) is the capacity to receive and respond to a stimulus. Extensibility is the ability to be stretched. Elasticity is the ability to return to the original shape after contraction or after being stretched. All of these properties are related to the ability of muscle to produce movement.
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