Shivering Produces Heat by Muscle Contraction

Shivering is one method of increasing the metabolic pro­duction of heat. Antagonistic groups of limb muscles are activated so that they produce no useful work. The chemical energy used in shivering is transferred to the body core as heat. If necessary, shivering can go on for many hours and can double heat production. Short bursts of shivering can even increase heat production up to fourfold.