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The complete list of references can be found at www.expertconsult.com.

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Cyanobacteria

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19. Buratti FM, Manganelli M, Vichi S, et al: Cyanotoxins: producing organisms, occurrence, toxicity, mechanism of action and human health toxicological risk evaluation, Arch Toxicol 91:1049-1130, 2017.

20. Carbis C, Simons J, Mitchell G, et al: A biochemical profile for predicting the chronic exposure of sheep to Microscystis aeruginosa, an hepatotoxic species of blue-green alga, Res Vet Sci 57:310-316, 1994.

21. Mittelman N, Engiles J, Murphy L, et al: Presumptive Iatrogenic Microcystin-Associated Liver Failure and Encephalopathy in a Holsteiner Gelding, J Vet Intern Med 30:1747-1751, 2016.

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Mycotoxins

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3. Galey FD: Plants and other natural toxicants. In Smith BP, editor: Large animal internal medicine, ed 4, St Louis, MO, 2009, Mosby.

4. Evans TJ: Diminished reproductive performance and selected toxicants in forages and grains, Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 27:345, 2011.

5. Casteel SW, Rottinghaus GE, Johnson GC, et al: Liver disease in cattle induced by consumption of moldy hay, Vet Hum Toxicol 37:248, 1995.

6. Meerdink GL: Aflatoxins. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, MO, 2004, Mosby.

7. Whitaker TB, Slate AB, Johansson AS: Sampling feeds for mycotoxin analysis. In Diaz DE, editor: The mycotoxin blue book, Nottingham, UK, 2005, Nottingham University Press.

8. Osweiler GD: Toxicology, Philadelphia, PA, 1996, Williams & Wilkins.

9. Carlson MP, Ensley SM: Use of feed contaminated with fungal (mold) toxins (mycotoxins), 2003. [WWW page]. http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/live/ g1514∕build∕g1514.pdf. (Accessed 20 June 2013).

10. Wu F, Stacy SL, Kensler TW: Global risk assessment of aflatoxins in maize and peanuts: are regulatory standards adequately protective? Toxicol Sci 135:251, 2013.

11. Coppock RW, Reynolds RD, Buck WB, et al: Acute aflatoxicosis in feeder pigs, resulting from improper storage of corn, JAm Vet MedAssoc 195:1380,

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12. Osweiler GD, Trample DW: Aflatoxicosis in feedlot cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc 187:636, 1985.

13. Ray AC, Abbitt B, Cotter SR, et al: Bovine abortion and death associated with consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated peanuts, J Am Vet Med Assoc 188:1187, 1986.

14. Colvin BM, Harrison LR, Gosser HS, et al: Aflatoxicosis in feeder cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:956, 1984.

15. Panangala VS, Gianbrone JJ, Diener UL, et al: Effects of aflatoxin on the growth performance and immune responses of weanling swine, Am J Vet Res 47:2062, 1986.

16. Cook WO, Richard JL, Osweiler JD, et al: Clinical and pathologic changes in acute bovine aflatoxicosis: rumen motility and tissue and fluid concentra­tions of aflatoxins B1 and M1, Am J Vet Res 47:1817, 1986.

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18. Van Vleet TR, Klein PJ, Coulombe RA, Jr: Metabolism and cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B-1 in cytochrome P-450-expressing human lung cells, J Toxicol Environ Health A 65:853, 2002.

19. Angsubhakorn S, Poomvises B, Romruen K, et al: Aflatoxicosis in horses, J Am Vet Med Assoc 178:274, 1981.

20. Beaver RW, Wildom DM, James MA, et al: Distribution of aflatoxins in tissues of growing pigs fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet amended with a high-affinity aluminosilicate sorbent, Vet Hum Toxicol 32:16, 1990.

21. Harvey RB, Kubena LF, Phillips TD, et al: Prevention of aflatoxicosis by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to the diets of growing barrows, Am J Vet Res 50:416, 1989.

22. Harvey RB, Phillips TD, Ellis JA, et al: Effects on aflatoxin M1 residues in milk by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to aflatoxin- contaminated diets of dairy cows, Am J Vet Res 52:1556, 1991.

23. Phillips TD: Dietary clay in the chemoprevention of aflatoxin-induced disease, Toxicol Sci 52(2 Suppl):118, 1999.

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26. Cote LM, Reynolds JD, Vesonder RF, et al: Survey of vomitoxin- contaminated feed grains in midwestern United States, and associated health problems in swine, J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:189, 1984.

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28. Korosteleva SN, Smith TK, Boermans HJ: Effects of feedborne Fusarium mycotoxins on the performance, metabolism, and immunity of dairy cows, J Dairy Sci 90:3867, 2007.

29. Korosteleva SN, Smith TK, Boermans HJ: Effects of feed naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on metabolism and immunity of dairy cows, J Dairy Sci 92:1585, 2009.

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37. Smith GW, Constable PD: Fumonisin. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, MO, 2004, Mosby, p 250.

38. Osweiler GD, Ross PF, Wilson TM, et al: Characterization of an epizootic of pulmonary edema in swine associated with fumonisin in corn screenings, J Vet Diagn Invest 4:53, 1992.

39. Wang E, et al: Inhibition of sphingolipid biosynthesis by fumonisins, J Biol Chem 266:14486, 1991.

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41. Ross PF, Ledet AE, Owens DL, et al: Experimental equine leukoencepha- lomalacia, toxic hepatosis, and encephalopathy caused by corn naturally contaminated with fumonisins, J Vet Diagn Invest 5:69, 1993.

42. Wilson TM, Ross PF, Rice LG, et al: Fumonisin B1 levels associated with an epizootic of equine leukoencephalomalacia, J Vet Diagn Invest 2:213,

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43. Casteel SW, Turk JR, Cowart RP, et al: Chronic toxicity of fumonisin in weanling pigs, J Vet Diagn Invest 5:413, 1993.

44. Guzman RE, Casteel SW, Rottinghaus GE, et al: Chronic consumption of fumonisins derived from Fusarium moniliforme culture material: clinical and pathologic effects in swine, J Vet Diagn Invest 9:216, 1997.

45. Posa R, Donko T, Bogner P, et al: Interaction of Bordetella Bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, and fumonisin B1 in the porcine respiratory tract as studied by computed tomography, Can J Vet Res 75:176, 2011.

46. Strickland JR, Looper ML, Mathews JC, et al: Board-invited review: St. Anthony’s Fire in livestock: causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions, J Anim Sci 89:1603, 2011.

47. Evans TJ, Rottinghaus GE, Casteel SW: Ergot. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, MO, 2004, Mosby, p 239.

48. Roberts CA, Kallenbach RL, Hill NS, et al: Ergot alkaloid concentra­tions in tall fescue hay during production and storage, Crop Sci 49: 1496, 2009.

49. Cross DL, Redmond LM, Strickland JR: Equine fescue toxicosis: signs and solutions, J Anim Sci 73:899, 1995.

50. Evans TJ: Endocrine disruptive effects of ergopeptine alkaloids on pregnant mares, Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 27:165, 2011.

51. Gupta RC, Evans TJ, Nicholson SS: Ergot and fescue toxicosis, p 995. In RC Gupta (ed), Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, ed

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52. Hill NS, Thompson FN, Stuedemann JA, et al: Ergot alkaloid transport across ruminant gastric tissues, J Anim Sci 79:542, 2001.

53. Rottinghaus GE, Garner G, Cornell C, et al: An HPLC method for quantitating ergovaline in endophyte-infested tall fescue: seasonal variation of ergovaline levels in stems with leaf sheaths, leaf blades, and seed heads, J Agric Food Chem 39:112, 1991.

54. Rottinghaus GE, Schultz LM, Ross PF, et al: An HPLC method for the detection of ergot in ground and pelleted feeds, J Vet Diagn Invest 5:242, 1993.

55. Young JC: Variability in the content and composition of alkaloids found in Canadian ergot I: rye, J Environ Sci Health B B16:83, 1981.

56. Young JC: Variability in the content and composition of alkaloids found in Canadian ergot II: wheat, J Environ Sci Health B B16:381, 1981.

57. Young JC, Chen Z-J: Variability in the content and composition of alkaloid found in Canadian ergot III: triticale and wheat, J Environ Sci Health B B17:93, 1982.

58. Evans TJ, Youngquist RS, Loch WE, et al: A comparison of the relative efficacies of domperidone and reserpine in treating equine “fescue toxicosis”, Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 45:207, 1999.

59. Dennis SB, Allen VG, Saker KE, et al: Influence of Neotyphodium coenophialum on copper accumulation in tall fescue, J Anim Sci 76:2687, 1998.

60. Burke JM, Spiers DE, Kojima FN, et al: Interaction of endophyte-infected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer, Biol Reprod 65:260, 2001.

61. Schuenemann GM, Waller JC, Hopkins FM, et al: Effects of administration of ergotamine tartrate on fertility of yearling beef bulls, Theriogenology 63:1407, 2005.

62. Burke JM, Spiers DE, Kojima FN, et al: Reproductive responses of ram lambs under short-term exposure to endophyte-infected tall fescue seed, Small Rumin Res 66:12163, 2006.

63. Looper ML: Influence of toxic endophyte-infected fescue on sperm characteristics and endocrine factors of yearling Brahman-influenced bulls, J Anim Sci 87:1184, 2009.

64. Tor-Agbidye J, Blythe LL, Craig AM: Correlation of endophyte toxins (ergovaline and lolitrem B) with clinical disease: fescue foot and perennial ryegrass staggers, Vet Hum Toxicol 43:140, 2001.

65. Aiken GE, Strickland JR: Forages and pastures symposium: managing the tall fescue-fungal endophyte symbiosis for optimum forage-animal produc­tion, J Anim Sci 91:2369, 2013.

66. Curtis LE, Kallenbach RL, Roberts CA: Allocating forage to fall-calving cow-calf pairs strip-grazing stockpiled tall fescue, JAnim Sci 86:780, 2008.

67. Bourke CA, Hunt E, Watson R: Fescue-associated oedema of horses grazing on endophyte-inoculated tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) pastures, Aust Vet J 87:492, 2009.

68. Campbell BT, Kojima CJ, Cooper TA, et al: A single nucleotide polymor­phism in the dopamine receptor d2 gene may be informative for resistance to fescue toxicosis in angus-based cattle, Anim Biotechnol 25:1, 2014.

Snake Bites and Blister Beetle

1. Gilliam LL, Holbrook TC, Ownby CL, et al: Cardiotoxicity, inflammation, and immune response after rattlesnake envenomation in the horse, J Vet Intern Med 26:1457, 2012.

2. Fielding CL, Pusterla N, Magdesian KG, et al: Rattlesnake envenomation in horses: 58 cases (1992-2009), J Am Vet Med Assoc 238:631, 2011.

3. Dickinson CE, Traub-Dargatz JL, Dargatz DA, et al: Rattlesnake venom poisoning in horses: 32 cases (1973-1993), J Am Vet Med Assoc 208:1866, 1996.

4. Lawler JB, Frye MA, Bera MM, et al: Third-degree atrioventricular block in a horse secondary to rattlesnake envenomation, J Vet Intern Med 22:486, 2008.

5. Sonis JM, Hackett ES, Callan RJ, et al: Prairie rattlesnake envenomation in 27 New World camelids, J Vet Intern Med 27:1238, 2013.

6. Bamford NJ, Sprinkle SB, Cudmore LA, et al: Elapid snake envenomation in horses: 52 cases (2006-2016), Equine Vet J 50:196, 2018.

7. Tirosh-Levy S, Solomovich R, Comte J, et al: Daboia (Vipera) palaestinae envenomation in horses: clinical and hematological signs, risk factors for mortality and construction of a novel severity scoring system, Toxicon 137:58, 2017.

8. Gilliam LL, Ownby CL, McFarlane D, et al: Development of a double sandwich fluorescent ELISA to detect rattlesnake venom in biological samples from horses with a clinical diagnosis of rattlesnake bite, Toxicon 73:63-68, 2013.

9. Peterson ME, Matz M, Seibold K, et al: A randomized multicenter trial of Crotalidae polyvalent immune F(ab) antivenom for the treatment of rattlesnake envenomation in dogs, J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 21:335, 2011.

10. Dart RC, Frye MA, Bera MM, et al: A randomized multicenter trial of crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (ovine) antivenom for the treatment for crotaline snakebite in the United States, Arch Intern Med 161:2030, 2001.

11. Helman RG, Edwards WC: Clinical features of blister beetle poisoning in equids: 70 cases (1983-1996), J Am Vet Med Assoc 211:1018, 1997.

12. Ray AC, Kyle AL, Murphy MJ, et al: Etiologic agents, incidence, and improved diagnostic methods of cantharidin toxicosis in horses, Am J Vet Res 50:187, 1989.

13. Pereira SR, Vasconcelos VM, Antunes A: The phosphoprotein phosphatase family of Ser/Thr phosphatases as principal targets of naturally occurring toxins, Crit Rev Toxicol 41:83, 2011.

14. Shawley LV, Rolf LL: Experimental cantharidiasis in the horse, Am J Vet Res 45:2261, 1984.

15. Ray AC, Post LO, Hurst JM, et al: Evaluation of an analytical method for the diagnosis of cantharidin toxicosis due to ingestion of blister beetles (Epicauta lemniscata) by horses and sheep, Am J Vet Res 41:932, 1980.

Metals and Other Inorganic Compounds

1. Tokar EJ, Boyd WA, Freedman JH, et al: Toxic effects of metals. In Klaassen CD, editor: Casarett and Doull' toxicology: the basic science of poisons, New York, 2013, McGraw Hill, pp 981-1030.

2. Ensley S: Arsenic. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical Veterinary Toxicology, St. Louis, 2004, Mosby, pp 193-195.

3. Neiger RD, Nelson N, Miskimins D, et al: Bovine arsenic toxicosis, J Vet Diag Invest 16:436, 2004.

4. Neiger RD: Arsenic. In Peterson ME, Talcott PA, editors: Small animal toxicology, ed 2, St. Louis, 2004, Saunders Elsevier, pp 592-602.

5. Neiger RD: Arsenic. In Tilley LP, Smith FWK, editors: Blackwell'five-minute veterinary consult, ed 4, Ames, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 101.

6. Vahidnia A, van der Voet GB, de Wolff FA: Arsenic neurotoxicity - a review, Hum Exp Toxicol 26:823, 2007.

7. Bahri LE, Romdane SB: Arsenic poisoning in livestock, Vet Hum Toxicol 33:259, 1991.

8. Valentine BA, Rumbeiha WK, Hensley TS, et al: Arsenic and metaldehyde toxicosis in a beef herd, J Vet Diagn Invest 19:212, 2007.

9. Boosinger TR, Riviere JE, Everson RJ: Arsenic-induced hemorrhagic enterocolitis in cattle (abstract 397), 1980. Proceedings of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Louisville, KY.

10. Ford M: Arsenic. In Flomenbaum NE, Howland MA, Goldfrank LR, et al, editors: Goldfrank' toxicologic emergencies, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill, pp 1251-1264.

11. Galey FD: Arsenic toxicosis. In Howard JL, editor: Current veterinary therapy (food animal practice), ed 3, Philadelphia, PA, 1993, WB Saunders, pp 394-396.

12. Stair EL, Kirkpatrick JG, Whitenack DL, et al: Lead arsenate poisoning in a herd of beef cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc 207:341, 1995.

13. Thatcher CD, Meldrum JB, Wikse SE, et al: Arsenic toxicosis and suspected chromium toxicosis in a herd of cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc 187: 179, 1985.

14. Klasing KC, Goff JP, Greger JL, et al: Copper. In Mineral tolerance of animals, ed 2, Washington, DC, 2005, National Academies Press, pp 134-153.

15. Galey FD, Maas J, Tronstad RJ, et al: Copper toxicosis in two herds of beef calves following injection with copper disodium edetate, J Vet Diagn Invest 3:260, 1991.

16. Gough J: Copper poisoning in lambs fed horse and cattle feed, Can Vet J 32:750, 1991.

17. Junge RE, Thornburg L: Copper poisoning in four llamas, J Am Vet Med Assoc 195:987, 1989.

18. Kerr LA, McGavin HD: Chronic copper poisoning in sheep grazing pastures fertilized with swine manure, J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:99, 1991.

19. Perrin DJ, Schiefer HB, Blakley BR: Chronic copper toxicity in a dairy herd, Can Vet J 31:629, 1990.

20. Parada R, Gonzalez S, Bergqvist E: Industrial pollution with copper and other heavy metals in a beef cattle ranch, Vet Hum Toxicol 29:122, 1987.

21. Gummow B, Botha CJ, Basson AT, et al: Copper toxicity in ruminants: air pollution as a possible cause, Onderstepoort J Vet Res 58:33, 1991.

22. Banton MI, Nicholson SS, Jowett PL, et al: Copper toxicosis in cattle fed chicken litter, J Am Vet Med Assoc 191:827, 1987.

23. Sullivan JM, Janovitz EB, Robinson FR: Copper toxicosis in veal calves, J Vet Diagn Invest 3:161, 1991.

24. Jenkins KJ, Hidiroglou M: Tolerance of the calf for excess copper in milk replacer, J Dairy Sci 72:150, 1989.

25. Humphries WR, Morrice PC, Mitchell AN: Copper poisoning in Angora goats, Vet Rec 121:231, 1987.

26. Cornish J, Angelos J, Puschner B, et al: Copper toxicosis in a dairy goat herd, J Am Vet Med Assoc 231:586, 2007.

27. Osweiler GD, Carson TL, Buck WB, et al: Copper-molybdenum. In Clinical and diagnostic veterinary toxicology, ed 3, Dubuque, IA, 1985, Kendall Hunt, pp 87-103.

28. Wiener G: The genetics of copper metabolism in animals and man. In Howell JM, Gawthorne JM, editors: Copper in animals and man, Boca Raton, 1987, CRC Press Inc, pp 45-61.

29. Ward JD, Spears JW, Gengelbach GP: Differences in copper status and copper metabolism between Angus and Simmental cattle, J Anim Sci 73:571, 1995.

30. Moeller RB: Copper. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, MO, 2004, Mosby, pp 195-197.

31. Tremblay RRM, Baird JD: Chronic copper poisoning in two Holstein cows, Cornell Vet 81:205, 1991.

32. Bidewell CA, Livesey CT: Copper poisoning: an emerging disease in dairy cattle, State Vet J 12:16, 2002.

33. Bradley CH: Copper poisoning in a dairy herd fed a mineral supplement, Can Vet J 34:287, 1993.

34. Minervino AHH, Barreto RA, Genilson F, et al: Predictive values of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase for the hepatic accumula­tion of copper in cattle and buffalo, J Vet Diagn Invest 20:791, 2008.

35. Humphries WR, Morrice PC, Bremner I: A convenient method for the treatment of chronic copper poisoning in sheep using subcutaneous ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, Vet Rec 123:51, 1988.

36. Symonds HW, Ke Y: Enhancement of tetrathiomolybdate-induced copper excretion in bile of sheep by the α,2-agonistic action of xylazine, Res Vet Sci 46:349, 1989.

37. Botha CJ, Naude TW, Swan GE, et al: The cupruretic effect of two chelators following copper loading in sheep, Vet Hum Toxicol 35:409, 1993.

38. Puls R: Iodine. In Mineral levels in animal health, ed 2, Clearbrook, BC, 1994, Sherpa International, pp 120-122.

39. Osweiler GD, Carson TL, Buck WB, et al: Iodine. In Clinical and diagnostic veterinary toxicology, ed 3, Dubuque, IA, 1985, Kendall Hunt, pp 145-151.

40. Klasing KC, Goff JP, Greger JL, et al: Iodine. In Mineral tolerance of animals, ed 2, Washington, DC, 2005, National Academies Press, pp 182-198.

41. Olson WG, Stevens JB, Anderson J, et al: Iodine toxicosis in six herds of dairy cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:179, 1984.

42. Hall JO: Iron toxicity. In Tilley LP, Smith FWK, editors: Blackwellelliry cattle, J Am Vet Med Assoc, ed 18, Ames, 2007, Blackwell Publishing, p 771.

43. Perrone J: Iron. In Flomenbaum NE, Howland MA, Goldfrank LS, et al, editors: Goldfranks toxicologic emergencies, ed 8, New York, 2007, McGraw- Hill, pp 627-637.

44. Divers TJ, Warner A, Vaala WE, et al: Toxic hepatic failure in newborn foals, J Am Vet Med Assoc 183:1407, 1983.

45. Ruhr LP, Nicholson SS, Confer AW, et al: Acute intoxication from a hematinic in calves, J Am Vet Med Assoc 182:616, 1983.

46. Holter JA, Carson TL, Witte ST: Acute iron intoxication in a herd of young bulls, J Vet Diag Invest 2:229, 1990.

47. Mullaney TP, Brown CM: Iron toxicity in neonatal foals, Equine Vet J 20:119, 1988.

48. Albretsen JC: Iron. In Plumlee H, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, 2004, Mosby, pp 202-204.

49. Edens LM, Robertson JL, Feldman BF: Cholestatic hepatopathy, throm­bocytopenia and lymphopenia associated with iron toxicity in a Thorough­bred gelding, Equine Vet J 25:81, 1993.

50. Ensley SM: Mercury. In Plumlee KH, editor: Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, MO, 2004, Mosby, pp 210-211.

51. Markel MD, Dyer RM, Hattel AL: Acute renal failure associated with application of a mercuric blister, J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:92, 1984.

52. Schuh JCL, Ross C, Meschter C: Concurrent mercuric blister and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) application as a cause of mercury toxicity in two horses, Equine Vet J 20:68, 1988.

53. Smith R, Morden BB, Ellis LB: Diphenylmercury poisoning in cattle, Can Vet J 33:135, 1992.

Medications, Therapeutic Agents, and Illicit Substances

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10. Brihoum M, Rollin F, Desmecht D, et al: Clinical evaluation of cardiac effects of experimental doxycycline overdosing in healthy calves, BMC Vet Res 7:40, 2011.

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16. Kaartinen L, Pyorala S, Moilanen M: Pharmacokinetics of enro- floxacin in newborn and one-week old calves, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 20: 479, 1997.

17. Thompson JA, Mirza MH, Barker SA, et al: Clenbuterol toxicosis in three Quarter Horse racehorses after administration of a compounded product, J Am Vet Med Assoc 239:842, 2011.

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20. Soma LR, Eboh CE, Guan F, et al: Tissue distribution of clenbuterol in the horse, J Vet Pharmacol Ther 27:91, 2004.

21. Baird JD, Maylin GA: Adverse side effects in horses following the administra­tion of fluphenazine decanoate, 2011, pp 57-61. Proceedings of the 57th Annual AAEP Forum, San Antonio, TX.

22. Baird JD, Arroyo LG, Vengust M, et al: Adverse extrapyramidal effects in four horses given fluphenazine decanoate, J Am Vet Med Assoc 229:104,

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24. Rodriguez-Palacios A, Quesada R, Baird J, et al: Presumptive fluphenazine induced hepatitis and urticaria in a horse, J Vet Intern Med 21:336, 2007.

25. Lloyd K, Tulleners E: Reserpine toxicosis in a horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 186:980, 1985.

26. Memon MA, Usenik EA, Meyers PJ: Penile paralysis and paraphimosis associated with reserpine administration in a stallion, Theriogenology 30:411,

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30. McKeever KH, Agans JM, Geiser S, et al: Low dose exogenous erythro­poietin elicits an ergogenic effect in Standardbred horses, Equine Vet J 38:233, 2006.

31. Cooper C, Sears W, Bienzle D: Reticulocyte changes after experimental anemia and erythropoietin treatment of horses, J Appl Physiol 99:915, 2005.

32. Scharzwald C, Hinchcliff KW: Recombinant human erythropoietin as a cause of non-regenerative anemia in a stable of racing Thoroughbreds, 2004, pp 270-271. Proceedings of the 50th AAEP Annual 50th Convention, Denver, CO.

33. Sommerville BA, Plumlee K: Acute isopropyl alcohol intoxication in a horse, Can Vet J 37:359, 1996.

34. Alsup EM, Debowes RM: Dimethyl sulfoxide, J Am Vet Med Assoc 185:1011, 1984.

35. Schuh JC, Ross C, Meschter C: Concurrent mercuric blister and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) application as a cause of mercury toxicity in two horses, Equine Vet J 20:68, 1988.

36. Plumb DC: Docusate sodium/docusate calcium. In Plumbs veterinary drug handbook, ed 8, Ames, IA, 2015, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 351-352.

37. Milligan M, Beard W, Kukanich B, et al: The effect of lidocaine on postoperative jejunal motility in normal horses, Vet Surg 36:214, 2007.

38. Meyer GA, Lin HC, Hanson RR, et al: Effects of intravenous lidocaine overdose on cardiac electrical activity and blood pressure in the horse, Equine Vet J 33:434, 2001.

39. Maxie G, van Dreumel TV, McMaster D, et al: Menadione toxicity in six horses, Can Vet J 33:756, 1992.

40. Rebhun WC, Tennant BC, Dill SG, et al: Vitamin K3 induced renal toxicosis in the horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 184:1237, 1984.

41. Dorman DC, Haschek WM: Fatal propylene glycol toxicosis in a horse, J Am Vet Med Assoc 198:1643, 1991.

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Feed Additives

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2. Hussein HS: Urea toxicity. In Haskell SRR, editor: Blackwells five-minute veterinary consult: ruminant, Ames, IA, 2008, Wiley-Blackwell, pp 906-907.

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Pesticides and Rodenticides

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9. Plumlee KH, Richardson E, Gardner I, et al: Effect of time and storage temperature on cholinesterase activity in blood from normal and organo­phosphorous insecticide-treated horses, J Vet Diagn Invest 6:247-249, 1994.

10. Dorman DC, Harlin KA, Haschek WM, et al: Aldicarb toxicosis in a flock of sheep, J Vet Diagn Invest 4:45-47, 1992.

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36. Berny PJ, de Oliveira LA, Videmann B, et al: Assessment of ruminal degradation, oral bioavailability, and toxic effects of anticoagulant roden­ticides in sheep, Am J Vet Res 67:363-371, 2006.

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Color Plate 54.4 Coffee weed (Cassia). (From Schilcher H: Leitfaden phytotherapie, Urban & Fischer, Munchen, 2010, Elsevier)

Color Plate 54.1 Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi). (From Plumlee KH:

Clinical veterinary toxicology, St Louis, 2004, Mosby, pp 337-338.)

Color Plate 54.2 Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). (From https:// gobotany.newenglandwild.org/genus/pteridium/.)

Color Plate 54.5 Box elder (Acer negundo). (Courtesy T.A. Turner, Stillwater, Minn.)

Color Plate 54.3 Lambert’s locoweed (Oxytropis lambertii). (From www. opsu.edu.)

Color Plate 54.6 Maples (Acer spp.). (Courtesy TA. Turner, Stillwater, Minn.)

Color Plate 54.7 Lantana (Lantana camara). (From Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR: Diseases and disorders of the horse, St Louis, 2003, Saunders.)

Color Plate 54.10 Hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana). (From http://www. luontoportti.com/suomi/en/kukkakasvit/hoary-alison.)

Color Plate 54.8 Rattlebox (Crotolaria spp.). (From http:// goldhillplantfarm-crystal.blogspot.com/2012/11/crotalaria.html.)

Color Plate 54.11 Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). (From http:// swbiodiversity.org/imglib/semet/Amaranthaceae/photos/Amaranthus_ reetrfextu__00000_l.jpg.)

Color Plate 54.9 Perilla mint (Perilla frutescens). (From http://www. geolocation.'ws/v/W/File:Perilla%20frutescens%20002.JPG/-/en.)

Color Plate 54.12 Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium). (From http:// enrwikipedia.org/wiki/Datura_s^ramonium.)