Smith Bradford P., Van Metre David C., Pusterla Nicola (eds.). Large Animal Internal Medicine. Part 2. 6th edition. — Elsevier,2020. — 2279 p.. 2020

Utilize a problem-oriented approach to the diagnosis of diseases of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats. Large Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition covers the diagnosis and management of disease in both ruminant and equine internal medicine. As the first veterinary internal medicine text to use a problem-based approach, it offers discussions of over 150 clinical signs and manifestations, as well as comprehensive coverage of laboratory and diagnostic testing. New to this edition is a versatile online reference platform and coverage of conditions that exist in Europe, Central and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. In addition, thoroughly revised and updated content includes new vaccines and vaccination protocols; the most current laboratories for DNA, genetic, and PCR testing; and colostrum supplements and replacers. It’s everything you need to stay up to date with the latest information on preventing and treating disease in large animals.

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Malignant Catarrhal Fever (Bovine Malignant Catarrh, Malignant Head Catarrh)

Vesicular Stomatitis

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Aftosa, Aphthous Fever)

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR, Sheep and Goat Plague) and Rinderpest (Cattle Plague)

Choke and Esophageal Disorders

Esophageal Dilation (Megaesophagus) and Hiatal Hernia

Ultrasonography of the Ruminant Abdomen

Acute Abdomen in Ruminants

Indigestion in Ruminants

Peritonitis in Ruminants

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (Hardware Disease, Traumatic Reticulitis)

Abomasal Dilation and Emptying Defect of Suffolk Sheep

Abomasal Impaction

Obstructive Intestinal Diseases

Diseases Caused by Clostridium perfringens Toxins (Yellow Lamb Disease, Lamb Dysentery, Necrotic Enteritis, Enterotoxemia)

Oak (Acorn) Toxicosis in Ruminants and Horses

Winter Dysentery in Cattle (Bovine Coronavirus)

Copper Deficiency in Ruminants

Cobalt Deficiency in Ruminants

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Hepatobiliary System

GEOFFREY W. SMITH and JENNIFER L. DAVIS, Consulting Editors JOHN B. MALONE, T.G. NAGARAJA, JOY E. TOMLINSON, and VINCENT DORE

Diagnosis of Liver Disease

Infectious, Toxic, and Parasitic Liver Disease

Black Disease

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria ("Redwater")

Liver Disease in Foals

Chronic Active Hepatitis

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity

Liver Flukes in Ruminants

Hepatic Abscesses

Hepatic Lipidosis*

Congenital Hyperbilirubinemia

Miscellaneous Liver Diseases

Failure of Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Neoplasia of the Liver

Gallbladder and Biliary Tract Disease

Therapy of Liver Failure

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Renal System

EMILY A. BARRELL and ALEXANDRA J. BURTON, Consulting Editors LUIS G. ARROYO, MONTAGUE N. SAULEZ, ERIN MCCONACHIE BEASLEY, HAROLD C. SCHOTT II, LISA E. FULTZ, STACEY R. BYERS, BRANDON J. DOMINGUEZ, DAVID C. VAN METRE, Meredyth l. jones, david g. renter, Robert j. callan, and Charles c. dodd

Equine Renal System

Alexandra J. Burton

Acute Renal Failure

Serum Creatinine Elevations in Newborn Foals

Acute Renal Failure in Foals

Urinary Tract Infections

Urinary Incontinence

Ectopic Ureter

Urolithiasis and Obstructive Disease

Idiopathic Renal Hematuria

Urethral Hemorrhage

Polyuria and Polydipsia

Renal Tubular Acidosis

Bladder Rupture in Adult Horses

Urinary System Disorders in the Foal

Ruminant Renal System

Emily A. Barrell

Ulcerative Posthitis and Vulvitis

Urolithiasis

Urachal Disorders

Urinary Bladder Eversion and Prolapse

Pelvic Entrapment of the Bladder

Enzootic Hematuria

Urinary Tract Infection

Amyloidosis

Glomerulonephritis

Congenital Defects

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome

Tubular Necrosis

Leptospirosis

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Nervous System

ROBERT J. MACKAY and JOHN R. MIDDLETON, Consulting Editors MONICA ALEMAN

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Electrodiagnostic Testing

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Forebrain Dysfunction or Multiple-Level Brain Dysfunction

Miscellaneous and Foreign Emerging Viruses Causing Neurologic Signs

West Nile and Other Flavivirus Encephalitis

Trauma to the Brain and Cranial Nerves

Equine Leukoencephalomalacia

Intracarotid Drug Injection

Brain Tumors

Cholinesteric Granuloma Encephalopathy

Epilepsy

Narcolepsy-Cataplexy

Headshaking in Horses

Small Ruminant Lentivirus Infections

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (“Mad Cow” Disease)

Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's Disease, Mad Itch, Bulbar Paralysis)

Polioencephalomalacia (Cerebrocortical Necrosis)

Salt (Sodium) Poisoning (With or Without Concurrent Water Deprivation)

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Dysfunction

Peripheral Vestibular Disease of Horses

Equine Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia (Star Thistle Poisoning, Knapweed Poisoning)

Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy

Horner Syndrome

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Cerebellar Hypoplasia Caused by Congenital Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection

Storage Diseases and Inborn Errors in Metabolism

Definition and Etiology

Staggers Syndromes (Grass Staggers)

Diseases Manifesting Principally With Spinal Cord or Peripheral Nerve Signs

Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy

Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy/Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy

Spinal Cord Trauma

Ankylosing Spondylitis of Holstein Bulls

Spinal Tumors

Verminous Meningoencephalomyelitis

Postanesthetic Myelopathy and Encephalopathy

Occipitoatlantoaxial Malformation

Congenital Vertebral Malformations

Triaryl Phosphate Poisoning (Chronic Organophosphate Poisoning; Dying-Back Axonopathy)

Motor Unit and Cauda Equina Diseases

Equine Motor Neuron Disease

Acquired Equine Polyneuropathy (Scandinavian Knuckling Syndrome)

Definition and Etiology

Sorghum Toxicity

Stringhalt

Equine Grass Sickness

Downer Cows (Alert Downers)

REFERENCES

Mammary Gland Health and Disorders

PAMELA L. RUEGG and RONALD J. ERSKINE, Consulting Editors

The presence of mammary glands is a defining characteristic of mammals. The original purpose of these specialized glands was to produce milk to feed progeny.

Mammary Gland Health of Dairy Cattle

Anatomic Structures of the Bovine Mammary Gland

Diagnosis and Detection of Mastitis

Identification of Etiologic Agents

Prevention and Control of Mastitis

Mastitis Therapy: Antimicrobial Drugs

Treatment of Mild and Moderate Cases of Clinical Mastitis

Summary of Antimicrobial Therapy

Prevention and Treatment of Mastitis During the Dry Period

Other Conditions of the Mammary Gland

Mastitis in Beef Cows

Mastitis in Small Ruminants

Diseases of the Hematopoietic and Hemolymphatic Systems

JOHANNA L. WATSON, Consulting Editor

JOHN A. ANGELOS, KRISTIN A. CLOTHIER, KRISTA E. ESTELL, JOHN E. MADIGAN, BRADFORD P. SMITH, SHARON JANE SPIER, BRETT A. SPONSELLER, JEFFREY W. NORRIS, and FERN TABIN

Diseases Associated With Blood Loss or Hemostatic Dysfunction

Hemoperitoneum in Horses

Hemostatic Dysfunction

Inherited Coagulation Disorders

Thrombasthenias

Acquired Hemostatic Disorders

Anaplasma Phagocytophila Infection in Horses

Thrombocytopenia

Diseases Associated With Increased Erythrocyte Destruction (Hemolytic Anemia)

Infectious Causes of Hemolytic Anemia

Bovine Anaplasmosis

Babesiosis

Haemobartonellosis (Eperythrozoonosis)

Theileriasis

Leptospirosis

Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (Red Water)

Equine Infectious Anemia

Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Neonatal Isoerythrolysis in Horse and Mule Foals

Johanna L. Watson • Monica Aleman

Neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI) is the most common alloimmune disease in neonatal foals (median age, 2.5 days).15

Heinz Body Hemolytic Anemia

Other Causes of Hemolytic Anemia

Intravascular Hemolysis Following Cutaneous Burns

Johanna L. Watson • Monica Aleman

Intravascular hemolysis has been reported in horses following severe cutaneous burns affecting more than 25% of their body surface.

L-Tryptophan-Indol Intoxication

Water Intoxication

Postparturient Hemoglobinuria

Hemolytic Syndrome in Horses With Liver Failure

Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

Depression Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency

Anemia of Inflammatory Disease

Anemia Secondary to Organ Dysfunction

Myeloid and Megakaryocytic Bone Marrow Hypoplasia

Aplastic Anemia

Proliferative Disorders of Lymphoid and Myeloid Systems

The lymphoproliferative disorders reported in large animals are lymphoma, lymphocytic leukemia, and plasma cell myeloma.

Bovine Lymphoma

Lymphoma in Horses

Myeloma in the Horse

Lymphangioma in the Horse

Other Diseases of the Hemolymphatic System

Anthrax

Lyme Disease

Tularemia

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Infection

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Bones, Joints, and Connective Tissues

MICHELLE C. COLEMAN and CANAAN WHiTFiELD-CARGiLE1 Consulting Editors BERKLEY CHESEN, JARRED WILLIAMS, JUAN E. ROMANO, SR., JOANNE HARDY, EVELYN MACKAY, KEVIN WASHBURN, SARAH N. SAMPSON, PHILLIPPA GIBBONS, RICARDO LOINAZ, SARAH M. REUSS, M. KEITH CHAFFIN, MEREDYTH L. JONES, ASHLEE E. WATTS, TAMARA M. SWOR, AMANDA K. HARTNACK, TRAVIS M. TULL, TRACY E. NORMAN, JEFFREY P. WATKINS, WILL C. JORDAN, and SCOTT A. KATZMAN

Physitis (Epiphysitis)

Osteochondrosis

Angular Limb Deformities

Ovine Hereditary Chondrodysplasia (Spider Lamb Syndrome)

Septic (Infectious) Arthritis and Osteomyelitis

Mycoplasma Polyarthritis in Goats

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus

Osteoarthritis

Sprains, Subluxations, and Luxations

Spondylitis and Diskospondylitis

Spondylosis

Laminitis

Fluorosis

Hypertrophic Osteopathy

Interdigital Necrobacillosis (Foot Rot) in Cattle

Infectious Foot Rot in Small Ruminants

Other Infectious Conditions of the Foot

Fistulous Withers

Flexural Limb Deformities

Tendinitis

Suspensory Ligament Desmitis

Fractures

Spontaneous Fractures in Ruminants

Silicate Associated Osteoporosis

Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Eye

CAROLINE M. BETBEZE and ANNE J. GEMENSKY-METZLER, Consulting Editors MEREDITH L. VOYLES, MARY ELIZABETH LASSALINE, KATHRYN L. WOTMAN, RENEE T. CARTER, CARYN E. PLUMMER, JOHN A. ANGELOS, and KRISTINA R. VYGANTAS

Ophthalmic History and Examination

Signs of Ocular Disease*

Ocular Trauma

Infectious Ocular Diseases

Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)

Immune-Mediated Ocular Diseases

Ocular Parasites

Ocular Neoplasia*

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Skin

STEPHEN D. WHITE, Consulting Editor ALAIN P. THEON, JOHN A. ANGELOS, and MUHAMMAD MUZAFAR MAKHDOOMI

Autoimmune Skin Disorders

Hypersensitivity Disorders

Bacterial Diseases

Viral Diseases

Fungal Diseases

Parasitic Skin Diseases

Tumors and Cysts

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Mastocytosis

Melanoma

Cutaneous Lymphosarcoma

Environmental Diseases

Skin Disorders of Unknown or Genetic Origin

REFERENCES

Endocrine and Metabolic

KELSEY A. HART and JESSE PAUL GOFF, Consulting Editors DIANE MCFARLANE, BABETTA BREUHAUS, NICHOLAS FRANK, MELODY ANNE DE LAAT, CATHY MCGOWAN, RAMINO E. TORIBIO, DALE E. BAUMAN, ROBERT J. COLLIER, JESSICA A.A. MCART, and DARYL NYDAM

Equine Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases

Kelsey A. Hart

Pituitary and Hypothalamus

Adrenal Glands

Anhidrosis

Thyroid Gland

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

Endocrinopathic Laminitis

Parathyroid Gland, Calcium, and Phosphorus Regulation in Horses

Endocrine Dysfunction in Critical Illness

Ruminant Metabolic Diseases and Metabolic Modifiers

Jesse Paul Goff

Macromineral and Bone Problems of Ruminants

Hyperketonemia in Dairy Cattle (Ketosis)

Bovine Somatotropin

REFERENCES

Diseases of Muscle

STEPHANIE J. VALBERG, Consulting Editor SHARON JANE SPIER, STEVEN M. PARISH, MICHAEL MURPHY, and GARY P. CARLSON

Examination of the Muscular System

Classification of Muscle Disorders

Disorders of Muscle Tone

There are numerous causes of increased muscle tone in large animals including forms of myotonia, ear tick infestation, and shivers in horses, as well as spastic conditions in cattle.28-38

Myotonic Disorders

Nonexertional Rhabdomyolysis

Inflammatory Myopathies

Clostridial Myonecrosis

Rhabdomyolysis Associated With Streptococcus equi

Infarctive Purpura Hemorrhagica

Immune-Mediated Myositis

Virus-Associated Myopathy

Nutritional and Toxic Rhabdomyolysis

Nutritional Myodegeneration

Traumatic Rhabdomyolysis

Compartment, Downer, and Muscle Crush Syndromes of Cattle

Exertional Myopathies in Horses

Local Muscle Strain

Hereditary and Congenital Myopathies

REFERENCES

Diseases of the Reproductive

mats h.t. Troedsson and bruce w. Christensen, Consulting Editors DICKSON D. VARNER, STEVEN P. BRINSKO, ELIZABETH M. WOODWARD, BRET R. MCNABB, and JUAN E. ROMANO, SR.

Female Reproductive Disorders

Infertility Caused by Abnormalities of the Female Genital Organs

Abnormalities of the Ovaries

Infertility Caused by Abnormalities of the Female Tubular Genitalia

Male Reproductive Disorders

REFERENCES

PART 6 Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies

Critical Care and Fluid Therapy

K. GARY MAGDESiAN1 Consulting Editor MARIE-EVE FECTEAU, DARiEN FEARY, and C. LANGDON FiELDiNG

Equine Fluid Physiology

General Principles for Fluid Therapy in Critical Care

Critical Care and Fluid Therapy Monitoring Techniques

Fluid Therapy for Specific Diseases and Disorders in Horses

Fluid Therapy for Sepsis (Peritonitis, Pleuritis, Pneumonia, Metritis, etc.) in Horses (Box 44.3)

Fluid Therapy for Renal Failure in Horses (Box 44.4)

Fluid Therapy for Horses With Hypoproteinemia

Fluid Therapy for Hemorrhagic Shock (Box 44.5)

Fluid Therapy in Acute Neurologic Injury (Box 44.6)

Fluid Therapy for Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (Box 44.8)

Fluid Therapy for Competitive Endurance Horses

Fluid Therapy for Burn (Thermal) Injury in Horses (Box 44.9)

Fluid Therapy for Horses With Metabolic Acidosis (Box 44.11)

Fluid Therapy for Heart Failure (Box 44.12)

Fluid Therapy in Ruminants

REFERENCES

Rational Antimicrobial Therapy

BARBARA A. BYRNE, Consulting Editor LISA A. TELL, KRYSTA MARTIN, and MICHAEL PAYNE

Antimicrobial Stewardship

Medication Use in Food-Producing Animals

Veterinary Feed Directive

Prohibited Drugs and Drug Classes Prohibited From Extralabel Drug Use in Food Animals

Considerations for Treatment of Companion Food Animal or Pack Animal Species With Prohibited Substances

FARAD: The Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion Program

REFERENCES

Biosecurity and Infection Control

PAUL S. MORLEY and J. SCOTT WEESE, Consulting Editors

Infection control, biosecurity, biocontainment, and biosafety are essential functions at all health care operations, including veterinary practices.

How Much Is Enough? How Much Is Too Little?

Hand Hygiene

Animal Movement and Housing

Surveillance

Education and Awareness

Intervention and Investigation of Outbreaks of Health Care-Associated Infections

Infection Control Issues Related to Specific Pathogens

REFERENCES

Prevention, Detection, and Response to Transboundary (Foreign) Animal Diseases

FpAMELA J. Hullinger, Consulting Editor DAnelle a. bickett-weddle

One of a private veterinary practitioner’s most critical responsibilities is his or her role as the nation’s front line of defense for detecting emerging, exotic, and transboundary animal diseases (TADs). TADs are important, transmissible diseases of livestock that are not present in the United States.

U.S. Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Accreditation Program3

Overview of Foreign Animal Disease Investigation and Response

REFERENCES

Ovine and Caprine Vaccination Programs

Bovine Vaccines and Herd Vaccination Programs

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1: Infectious Bovine

Bovine Virus Diarrhea

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines

Parainfluenza Type 3 Virus Vaccines

Bovine Reproductive Disease Vaccines

Neonatal Calf Enteric Disease Vaccines

Bacterial Scours Vaccines

Clostridial Vaccines

Miscellaneous Bovine Rickettsial, Bacterial, and Viral Disease Vaccines

REFERENCES

Parasite Control Programs

SHERRILL A. FLEMING, Consulting Editor MARTIN K. NIELSEN and LORA RICKARD BALLWEBER

The traditional approach to parasite control programs has focused on using the appropriate anthelmintic at appropriate intervals.

REFERENCES

Nutrition of the Sick Animal

ELIZABETH A. CARR and MARIE-EVE FECTEAU, Consulting Editors MICHELLE LINTON

Introduction

Protein/Calorie Malnutrition

Catabolic Response to Injury

Summary

Assessment of Nutritional Status

Nutritional Needs of Sick or Injured Large Animals

Nutritional Support of the Neonate

Enteral Routes of Nutritional Supplementation

Liquid Diets for Horses

Liquid Diets for Ruminants

Enteral Supplementation in Neonates

Parenteral Nutrition

Parenteral Nutrition in Ruminants

Complications Associated With Parenteral Nutrition

PART 7 Congenital, Hereditary, Immunologic, and Toxic Disorders

Genetic Disorders

Genetic Tests for Large Animals

Immunologic Disorders

M. JULIA B. FELIPPE and GEORGE M. BARRINGTON, Consulting Editors LAIS R.R. COSTA, ANGELA I. BORDIN, DEBRA C. SELLON, MELISSA T. HINES, DIANNE MCFARLANE, JILL R. JOHNSON, DAVID J. HURLEY, MUNASHE CHIGERWE, RANA BOZORGMANESH, BARRY J. BRADFORD, and JODI L. MCGILL

Equine Immunologic Disorders

Overview of Immunologic Disorders in Horses

Evaluation of Immunologic Response in Horses

Immunity at Birth and the Immune Development of the Foal

Failure of Passive Transfer of Maternal Immunity

Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia

Foal Immunodeficiency Syndrome

SelectiveIgM Deficiency

Common Variable Immunodeficiency

Immunosuppression Associated With Immune-Mediated Disorders

Immunosuppression Associated With Leukoproliferative Disorders*

Diseases Caused by Allogeneic Incompatibilities (Horses and Ruminants)

Ruminant Immunologic Disorders

REFERENCES

Disorders Caused by Toxicants

LYNN R. HOVDA, Consulting Editor TAM GARLAND, BIRGIT PUSCHNER, TIMOTHY J. EVANS, C. LANGDON FIELDING, ROBERT H. POPPENGA, DIONNE BENSON, MICHELLE MOSTROM, and BENJAMIN R. LANDERS

Poison cases in large animals occur less often than in other species but are usually more time consuming and frustrating to manage. Generally, an animal is found dead in the stall or pasture, or a sudden outbreak of illness occurs in a herd of animals.

History

Clinical Signs

Clinicopathologic Testing

Analytic Testing

Poisonous Plants

Mycotoxins

Snake Bites and Blister Beetle

Metals and Other Inorganic Compounds

Medications, Therapeutic Agents, and Illicit Substances

Feed Additives

REFERENCES

INDEX

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