The Arteries
The first part of the aorta gives rise to right and left coronary arteries and a brachiocephalic trunk that immediately divides into right and left brachiocephalic arteries that send common carotid arteries forward into the neck and subclavian arteries toward the wings (Fig.
37.16/8' and 8"). In the thoracic inlet, the common carotids continue as internal carotids lying side by side on the ventral surface of the cervical vertebrae (Fig. 37.15/6'). The subclavian artery gives off a large pectoral trunk for the breast muscles and sternum before accompanying the humerus into the wing. In its descent along the vertebral column, the aorta gives rise to the following major arterial branches: celiac (stomach, spleen, liver, intestines [Fig. 37.29/2]), cranial mesenteric (intestines [Fig. 37.29/3]), cranial renal (kidneys, gonads [Fig. 37.29/5]), external iliac (thighs [Fig. 37.29/12]), ischial (kidneys, oviduct, hindlimbs [Fig. 37.29/18]), and caudal mesenteric (intestines, cloaca). It ends by supplying the end of the oviduct, pelvic structures, and tail.
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