The topographic peculiarities of the reproductive organs of the female ruminant are the consequence of the descent of the fetal ovaries to the most caudal part of the abdomen, which is a more considerable descent than in other domestic species.

As a result, the horns of the uterus are drawn back toward their ovarian attachments and do not range far into the abdomen except in advanced pregnancy. The following account refers primarily to the organs of the mature, nonpregnant cow.

FIG.

29.9 Relationship of the principal abdominal and pelvic organs to the bovine skeleton, dorsal view. 1, Sixth rib; 2, cranial extent of diaphragm; 3, omasum, most of it covered by the liver; 4, outline of abomasum; 5, reticulum; 6, atrium ruminis; 7, dorsal sac; 7', right face of rumen; 8, right kidney; 9, descending duodenum (ventral to it is the intestinal mass); 10, left kidney; 11, rectum; 12, uterus; 13, ovary; 14, lateral iliac lymph node; 15, bladder.

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